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The ratification of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) through Law Number 1 of 2023 marks an important milestone in the history of Indonesian criminal law. The new Criminal Code replaces the colonial product that has been in place for more than a century and brings significant updates, especially in the regulation of gender-based crimes such as sexual and psychological violence. The recognition of these forms of violence is a response to the demands of civil society and is part of Indonesia's commitment to international human rights instruments. However, the effectiveness of such arrangements still faces serious challenges, such as the narrowness of the criminal formulation, the high burden of proof, and the potential for gender bias in the criminal justice system. In this context, criminal law should not only be a means of repression, but also carry out preventive and protective functions through holistic criminal policies. An integrative approach that combines penal and non-penal strategies is important to address the complexity of gender-based violence that is structural and multidimensional. This article aims to critically evaluate the provisions of the new Criminal Code related to sexual and psychological violence in the perspective of gender-responsive criminal policy. The evaluation was carried out taking into account the principles of restorative justice, the protection of victims' rights, and the need for social transformation that supports equality and non-discrimination. The results of this study are expected to be an input for the improvement of a criminal law system that is fairer and on the side of victims, especially women and other vulnerable groups.

The enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) has brought a number of controversies, one of which is related to the revival of provisions regarding the criminal act of insulting the President and Vice President. This article aims to critically examine these provisions in the perspective of the freedom of expression guaranteed by the Indonesian constitution and international human rights instruments. This research uses a normative juridical approach with an analysis of the norms in the new Criminal Code, the 1945 Constitution, as well as international treaties such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The results of the study show that although the provision of insulting the President in the Criminal Code is only referred to as a complaint offense and is framed to protect the dignity of state institutions, the provision still has the potential to limit freedom of opinion excessively. In addition to risking opening a loophole for criminalization of legitimate public criticism, this rule also has the potential to contradict the principles of non-discrimination and accountability of public officials in a democratic country. Therefore, an in-depth evaluation of the formulation of norms and their application is needed so that they do not conflict with the spirit of democracy and the protection of human rights.   Keywords: , , , , .

Fraud in the buying and selling of projects and jobs is becoming more common and is causing unrest in society. The method used by the wrongdoers often involves making false promises and tricking others to gain personal benefits illegally. This study aims to look into how Article 378 of the Criminal Code applies to a fraud case in the buying and selling of projects and jobs in South Lampung, focusing on the Tanjung Karang District Court decision Number 467/PID.B/2023/PN TJK. The study uses a legal method that focuses on laws and specific case studies. Data were collected through literature reviews and examination of relevant court decisions. According to the discussion results, it is clear that the crime of fraud elements, as described in Article 378 of the Criminal Code, are present in this case. The accused was found to have committed deceit and told a series of lies that caused the victim to suffer financial losses. The court ruled that the accused was guilty and gave a sentence that matched the actions taken. The use of Article 378 of the Criminal Code in this case is seen as appropriate, providing protection for the victim and discouraging the offender. The conclusion of this study is that criminal law can effectively address fraud in the buying and selling of projects and jobs if there is strong evidence and proper legal procedures.

This study aims to examine the types and functions of code mixing used by Boy William in his YouTube videos. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to analyse the linguistic data collected from four selected videos on his channel. The findings revealed that four types of code mixing were present in Boy William’s speech: unit insertion, unit hybridization, sentence insertion, and reduplication. A total of 23 instances of code mixing were identified across the selected videos, with the following distribution: 10 cases of unit insertion, 4 of unit hybridization, 8 of sentence insertion, and 1 of reduplication. Additionally, seven functions of code mixing were identified, including expressing emotion, asserting status, showing pride, enhancing clarity, making jokes, fulfilling communicative needs, and reflecting prestige. Based on this research, it can be concluded that code mixing is a common feature in Boy William’s YouTube content, serving various social and communicative purposes. The findings of this study offer an implication, particularly in the fields of sociolinguistics in which in sociolinguistics perspective, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how multilingual speakers use code mixing as a communicative strategy in informal digital platforms like YouTube.

This normative legal study examines the potential and challenges of implementing restorative justice approaches in cases involving corporate perpetrators within Indonesia's criminal justice system. The research employs statute, conceptual, and case approaches to analyze legal principles, norms, and court decisions related to corporate criminal liability and restorative justice mechanisms. Through comprehensive literature review of international academic databases and examination of Indonesia's legal framework, including the New Criminal Code of 2023 and Prosecutor's Regulation No. 15 of 2020, the study reveals that restorative justice offers a transformative alternative to traditional retributive models by prioritizing restoration, rehabilitation, and reconciliation between corporate offenders, victims, and affected communities. The dual track system selective model emerges as the most appropriate framework for corporate restorative justice implementation, enabling selective application while maintaining prosecutorial discretion for serious offenses. However, significant challenges persist, including the absence of specific regulatory frameworks for corporate actors, structural complexities arising from the non-personified nature of corporate entities, and profound power imbalances between corporations and victims that threaten process integrity. The study demonstrates that successful implementation requires comprehensive legal reforms, enhanced institutional capacity, robust victim support mechanisms, and safeguards against corporate manipulation. The research concludes that while restorative justice holds considerable promise for enhancing corporate accountability and victim restoration, effective implementation is contingent upon establishing clear legal frameworks, technical guidelines, and protective measures that address inherent power asymmetries between corporate offenders and their victims.

This study aims to analyze the application of the legal principle of utility (kemanfaatan hukum) in relation to the inclusion of the phrase Basmallah at the beginning of authentic deeds in Murabahah financing contracts. In notarial practice, it has been found that certain notaries include the phrase “Bismillahirrahmanirrahim” at the beginning of the redaction of Islamic financing deeds. However, the form and structure of authentic deeds are explicitly regulated in Article 38 of the Notary Act (UUJN), which serves as the normative reference for notaries in drafting legally binding deeds. According to Article 1868 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), an authentic deed is a document drafted in a format prescribed by law, created by or before a public official authorized for such matters, and executed at a place designated by law. Therefore, the inclusion of the Basmallah, which is not stipulated in the formal structure of deeds, may pose legal issues as it can be deemed a deviation from formal requirements, potentially undermining the evidentiary strength of the deed. To ensure both the utility and legal certainty of authentic deeds, it is necessary to reaffirm the formal boundaries as outlined in Article 1869 of the Civil Code, so that deeds drawn up by notaries maintain both formal and substantive legal validity. The scope of this study encompasses three main aspects: First, whether the inclusion of the Basmallah at the beginning of a Murabahah financing deed holds legal authenticity; second, to what extent such inclusion aligns with the principle of legal utility.

The need for development financing in the regions is increasing, while dependence on the APBN/APBD funds cannot meet all those needs. Therefore, the regional government is starting to explore alternative financing cooperation, including with non-government entities (private and international financial institutions). This article aims to examine the role of national civil law as the legal basis for regulating the relationship between the parties in such cooperation schemes. This research uses a normative juridical method with an approach based on legislation and concepts. It is found that national civil law, particularly agreements in the Civil Code and modern contract law, plays a vital role in determining the rights and obligations of the parties, ensuring legal certainty, and preventing disputes in the implementation of non-APBN/APBD funding cooperation. In addition, the flexibility of civil law allows for adaptation to the needs of the region and funding partners. Strengthening the legal capacity of local governments and harmonizing with sectoral regulations are necessary.

The development of the digital economy has led to a significant increase in the number of freelance workers in Indonesia. Despite their growing contribution to the economy, their legal status within the national employment system remains normatively ambiguous. This research aims to analyze the normative ambiguity of the status of freelance workers in Indonesian legislation and its juridical implications for their legal protection. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower in conjunction with Law No. 6 of 2023 does not explicitly define or regulate the category of freelance workers. Consequently, their legal relationship is often positioned in a grey area between a "work relationship" of a subordinative nature and a "partnership relationship" of a coordinative nature based on the Indonesian Civil Code. The implications of this ambiguity are significant, encompassing the absence of normative rights such as minimum wage, social security, severance pay, and uncertainty in dispute resolution mechanisms. This study concludes that normative ambiguity creates legal vulnerability for freelancers and recommends regulatory reform to provide legal certainty and adaptive protection for non-standard work models.

The advancement of digital technology has introduced a novel trend in marketing via social media platforms, specifically through influencers promoting products or services. Nonetheless, numerous endorsements by influencers contain misleading, inaccurate, or harmful claims to consumers. This research aims to analyze the civil liability of influencers for product claims that cause consumer harm in digital media endorsements, referencing Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. Utilizing a normative juridical method based on literature review of laws, legal doctrines, and pertinent cases, the findings reveal that influencers can be held civilly liable under the tort principle (onrechtmatige daad) as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code, if proven to provide false or unsupported claims resulting in consumer harm (Setiawan, 2019). Therefore, there is a pressing need to enhance regulations governing the role of influencers in consumer protection frameworks alongside effective liability mechanisms as a form of accountability in the evolving digital marketing landscape.

This study examines the application of Article 362 jo Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) in the Kupang District Court Decision Number 170/Pid.B/2023 against the defendant Sherly Oktaviana Nggeon, who was proven to have committed the crime of repeatedly stealing gold at her workplace, Toko Mas Sahabat. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the application of criminal law norms to concrete facts revealed at the trial and analyze the judge's considerations both from juridical and non-juridical aspects in imposing a verdict. The method used is a normative juridical approach with secondary data sources obtained through literature studies of laws and regulations, doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the study show that although the panel of judges has formally applied Article 362 jo Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code by qualifying the defendant's actions as a continuing act (voortgezette handeling), this approach is not entirely appropriate substantively. The act of theft was carried out in different periods, against different objects, and accompanied by the forgery of a memorandum of sale of elements that can legally be qualified as a separate criminal offense based on Article 263 of the Criminal Code. However, in the judge's decision, this act of forgery was not explicitly considered either as an additional charge or as a burden of punishment. This raises the issue of justice, considering that the merging of all acts into one criminal act reduces the weight of criminal responsibility that the defendant should receive, and does not fully reflect the overall dimension of the crime committed. From a non-juridical aspect, the judge considered the defendant's background, good faith to return the damages, and the social and economic conditions of the defendant in imposing a two-year prison sentence. However, this consideration is considered disproportionate when compared to the amount of loss, the consistency of the evil act, and the existence of counterfeiting which contributes to aggravating the character of the crime. This study emphasizes the importance of a more comprehensive legal approach in qualifying compound crimes (concursus realis), as well as the need for judges to 

PT Udara jadi Bersih Bekasi is a company engaged in testing Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. So far, the process of recording test results is still carried out manually using paper media. This process poses a number of obstacles, such as delays in recording, potential input errors, and limitations in accuracy and data storage. This condition also has an impact on delays in the submission of test results information to supervisors, who should need fast and accurate data for decision-making. To answer this problem, a web-based application is needed to design a web-based application that is able to digitize the entire workflow of recording and reporting HVAC test results. With a web-based system, data can be managed centrally, more structured, and easily accessible at any time. This application is also equipped with QR Code technology to speed up access to test results. Supervisors and technicians only need to scan the code for complete information, so they no longer rely on manual searches that are time-consuming and prone to serious errors in technical documentation. The design of this application uses the Waterfall method which consists of the stages of needs analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. UML is used as a tool to describe business processes and system activity flows in detail, so that development can be carried out more systematically, efficiently, and in a targeted manner according to applicable software engineering standards. With the implementation of this application, PT Udara jadi Bersih Bekasi is expected to be able to improve operational efficiency, reduce recording errors, and speed up the information distribution process. In the end, this digitalization will support companies in providing services that are more professional, accurate, innovative, reliable, and according to the needs of the modern HVAC industry in the era of global digitalization.

Goods distribution applications have become key in facilitating goods data management. This study explores goods distribution applications, focusing on their development, implementation, and impacts with the aim of improving the effectiveness of procurement planning and the distribution process of kaporlap. This study discusses an online database system that is integrated with the system to facilitate the distribution of kaporlap for the Indonesian Navy Academy Cadets by implementing technology. The application of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), and goods distribution applications provide valuable insights to the Indonesian Navy Academy to improve the kaporlap data recording system and optimize the distribution process. The emphasis on data security is also important in ensuring integrity in providing accurate data for the benefit of implementing procurement planning and distribution of kaporlap in the Indonesian Navy Academy environment according to technological developments. The use of technology in goods distribution applications is a foundation for increasing knowledge and ease in carrying out activities, especially the distribution of kaporlap. Case studies and practical implementation provide a deeper understanding of the importance of this application to be realized and used by the Indonesian Navy Academy Cadets in the form of an online database system application equipped with QR Code and smartcard features that can be used without having to use a gadget. Thus, accurate kaporlap data can be obtained to support the planning of procurement and distribution of cadet kaporlap to be practical and more effective.

The protection of justice collaborators (JC) is a vital element in the eradication of extraordinary crimes such as corruption, narcotics, and premeditated murder. However, in the practice of criminal justice in Indonesia, there is still a gap between the normative legal framework and the implementation of protection for JCs. This research aims to juridically evaluate the effectiveness of the JC protection mechanism based on national regulations and judicial practice. The method used is normative legal research with a case study approach, through analysis of legislation, court decisions, and LPSK documents. The results of the study show that weak institutional coordination, inconsistency of decisions, and lack of post-trial protection are the main obstacles. It is necessary to codify JC protection in criminal procedure law and strengthen the capacity of legal apparatus to realize comprehensive protection. This research contributes to the development of a fairer and more responsive justice system in protecting the moral courage of JCs.

This study aims to examine the practice of financial statement manipulation that occurred at PT Wanaartha Life in 2023. This case emphasizes the importance of transparency and integrity in corporate financial reporting. The practice of manipulating financial statements is considered unethical and often occurs due to various motivations, including pressure to achieve financial targets and maintain the company's reputation. Violations of the professional code of ethics can have a negative impact on society, because members of the profession who do not comply with established rules and values can result in a loss of trust and respect for the profession. The research method used in this research is a literature study, where this research produces descriptive data findings, in the form of words based on the results of observations. The results showed that the company's financial statements lacked integrity and transparency in financial reporting.

The application of the Anti-Dumping Code in international trade law is the topic of discussion in this article. Particular attention is paid to what happens when unfair trade practices are involved. The primary focus is on addressing the issue of price discrimination in international trade, which frequently brings about negative consequences for developing nations like Indonesia. The article provides a description of the phenomenon of dumping, including its impact on domestic producers, as well as anti-dumping rules within the context of the GATT and WTO. This is accomplished through theoretical studies and normative analysis. In addition, it covers the difficulties that arise when putting anti-dumping legislation into effect, as well as the remedies that can be implemented to defend domestic markets from losses that are caused by dumping. The purpose of this article is to highlight the significance of international cooperation and domestic law amendments in order to maximize the effectiveness of the Anti-Dumping Code as an instrument for protecting fair trade.

This study uses a qualitative method to examine the criminal sanctions against phishing crimes under Indonesian criminal law. Phishing is a form of cybercrime committed by deceiving victims into disclosing personal or confidential information such as identity data, bank accounts, or other sensitive details. In Indonesian criminal law, phishing is not explicitly mentioned, but it can be prosecuted under several articles of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Law No. 19 of 2016), particularly Articles 35 and 36, which regulate manipulative acts that cause harm to others. Offenders may face imprisonment of up to 12 years and/or fines of up to 12 billion rupiah. Additionally, offenders may be charged under the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) if their actions meet the elements of fraud or data theft. This study highlights the need for legal reform to be more responsive to the rapid advancement of digital technology. More specific regulations are needed to ensure legal certainty and provide adequate protection for victims of phishing crimes in Indonesia.

CV Mitra Grafika is a printing company where warehouse inventory management is still conducted manually, often resulting in data entry errors and delayed item distribution. To address these issues, a web-based Warehouse Management System (WMS) is needed to assist in stock monitoring, item transactions, and reporting processes. This study aims to design and develop a WMS website using the CodeIgniter 3 (CI3) framework and the SB2 Admin interface template. The development methodology used is the waterfall model, consisting of requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The system includes key features such as item data management, warehouse transactions, reporting, and user role-based access (admin, staff, manager, director). The results indicate that the system successfully improves warehouse operational efficiency, accuracy, and structure.

The advancement of information technology has encouraged companies to enhance operational efficiency through computerized systems, particularly in human resource management. PT Volar Mekanikal Teknologi x Luminous Creation faces challenges in manual attendance recording, unsystematic leave management, and a payroll system that lacks integration. Therefore, this study aims to design and implement a web-based Employee Management Information System using the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology. The system focuses on three main features: attendance tracking using GPS and selfie verification, online leave applications, and automated payroll calculation integrated with attendance data. The system development process includes planning, design using Unified Modeling Language (UML), coding with the Laravel framework and MySQL database, and testing through the Black-Box method. The implementation results show that the system effectively improves efficiency and accuracy in employee management, while also supporting the company’s operational activities in a more professional and structured manner.  

This research is analyzing types of code switching used by Livy Renata on Denny Sumargo Youtube Channel. In this research, the researchers analyzed three types of code switching, there are: estrasentential code switching, intersentential code switching, intrasentential code switching. Qualitative method research based on content analysis was watching the video, listening the audio, and identifying the code switching. After analyzing the data, the researchers found 38 data and the researchers got a result such as: extrasentential code switching have 6, intersentential code switching have 12, intrasentential code switching have 20.    

Corruption in Indonesia is a serious and systemic issue. One of the legal approaches used to address this problem is the imposition of criminal fines. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fines imposed on corruption offenders. The research employs a normative approach with a juridical-qualitative method, based on literature studies of relevant laws and court decisions. The findings indicate that although criminal fines are regulated under Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001, their implementation has not been effective. Fines can still be replaced with substitute imprisonment of up to eight months under the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP), which is often preferred by convicted individuals. In addition, there is no clear system regarding the proportional amount of fines, deadlines for payment, or enforcement mechanisms. The lack of strict regulations concerning remission also weakens the deterrent effect. This study concludes that the regulation and enforcement of criminal fines in corruption cases have not yet provided optimal deterrence and still leave many legal loopholes that need to be addressed.