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The aims of this research include: (1) To find out the forms of marginalization and discrimination experienced by the character Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Romance of the Earth of Mankind. (2) To find out the form of resistance of the character Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Romance of the Earth of Mankind. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The source of data obtained from this research is the book Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as primary data. Meanwhile, secondary data consists of information and references obtained scientifically from books, articles, the internet and mass media related to this research. The data collection technique used library, listening and note-taking techniques through critical discourse analysis developed by Sara Mills. The research results show that: (1) There are 6 data on marginalization experienced by the character Nyai Ontosoroh in the novel Earth of Mankind. In the family realm, the father's restriction/marginalization of rights and freedoms has made him a nyai or concubine (purchased slave). (2) There are 8 data on discrimination experienced by Nyai Ontosoroh. In the public sphere, she is seen by the general public as a woman who has no morals and is always looked down upon. (3) there are 11 data on the resistance of the figure Nyai Ontosoroh. Nyai Ontosoroh appears as the antithesis of the bad views about Nyai-Nyai. Nyai Ontosoroh emerged as the first Indigenous woman to fight European legal authority in defending her rights to her children and company.    

Pain is a sensory and emotional experience unpleasant result of tissue damage that is actual or potential. Pain is very disturbing and difficult for many person than any disease. Music is an effective distraction technique. It has the best influence in a short time. Music reduces the physiological pain, stress and anxiety by distracting someone’s attention from the pain. Measures infusion can cause pain in school-age children. One of the ways to minimize it is the distraction of music. The research objective was to determine the effect of music distraction when infusion to pain in school-age children. The population of this study 111 person the research is a client of school-age children with a sampel of 20 respondens. Research using quasi experiment study with post test only nonequivalent control group design. The results using univariate : frequency distribution and bivariate analysis : independent t test. Distraction of music was given five minutes before to infusion for up to five minutes after the infusion. The scale of the pain felt in the control group who did not provide a distraction to music when infusion is done on 10 respondens is 60% of respondents experiencing severe pain . While the scale of perceived distraction intervention group were given music when infusion conducted in 10 respondents 20% of respondents experiencing severe pain.  Evident from the results of these observation it is known that there is a significant influence on the effect of music on the infusion distraction to pain in school-age children (6-12 years) in IGD RSUD Majalaya with a significant extent (p=0,0, α=0,05). The results of this study are expected to be used as reading material and references distraction students that muaic can reduce pain.

This study aims to develop and determine the effectiveness of the "Rainbow Learning Box" learning media in fostering scientific literacy in early childhood. This media is designed as a simple, experiment-based science learning tool using colorful colors to help children understand the concepts of color, color mixing, and simple changes through play-and-learning activities. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study subjects consisted of 20 children aged 5–6 years at a pre-school (PAUD) institution. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, and child development assessment sheets. The results showed that the use of the "Rainbow Learning Box" increased children's engagement in learning, curiosity, observation skills, and simple communication skills related to experimental results. Children appeared more active and enthusiastic during learning activities because the media was engaging, interactive, and suited to the learning characteristics of early childhood. Furthermore, teachers responded positively to the media's use, citing its ease of use, safety, and affordability. Therefore, the "Rainbow Learning Box" can be an alternative, innovative science learning media to optimally support the development of scientific literacy in early childhood. 

Kegiatan belajar mengajar tahun 2020 ini mengalami perubahan dikarenakan adanya wabah virus global yakni Covid-19 yang menyebabkan kegiatan belajar mengajar menjadi berbeda dari tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam melakukan pembelajaran daring di jenjang PAUD adalah kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh guru dan orang tua peserta didik sebagai perantara pembelajaran anak selama dirumah. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran daring yang di hadapi oleh masing-masing orang tua peserta didik beragam, dimulai dari manajemen waktu orang tua yang juga sedang melakukan work from home (wfh) dan menjadi penghubung antara guru dan anak didik, tidak samanya kemampuan teknologi yang dimiliki tiap orang tua peserta didik. Strategi yang di terapkan Belajar di Rumah, Pembelajaran dalam Jaringan (Daring)/ Online, Pembelajaran Luar Jaringan (Luring)/ Offline.

This program took place from February 21 to 23, 2022, in the XVIII neighborhood, Binjai Village, Denai District, Medan Regency/City, North Sumatra Province. The program is designed for children aged 8-12, and the materials taught include Simple Present Tense and several songs that utilize Simple Present Tense. The duration of each session is 90 minutes. The number of children involved is approximately ten (10) individuals. Each session is divided into two parts, the first 45 minutes facilitated by Teacher A, and the remaining 45 minutes continued by Teacher B, and so on until the third day. Upon completion of this program, the children showed significant improvement in listening skills, vocabulary recall, and vocabulary memorization, as reflected in the test scores given by the instructors before and after the program. Learning through English songs has proven to be highly effective for children in the XVIII neighborhood, Binjai Village, Denai District. The use of songs as a teaching method helps enhance listening abilities, learn new vocabulary, develop speaking skills, and improve social skills in children. Therefore, incorporating songs into early English language learning is highly recommended.

 Anxiety in the face of labor cannot be separated from the knowledge and readiness of the mother before delivery. Mothers who have good knowledge and readiness about childbirth will take care of their pregnancy and prepare whatever is needed to face childbirth, so as to minimize maternal anxiety before delivery. Anxiety arising from lack of knowledge, such as information about pregnancy and childbirth, will have an impact on maternal unpreparedness, and will trigger a high rate of pathological pregnancies and increase the number of maternal and child deaths. (Rohani et al, 2013).

Difteri merupakan penyakit infeksi menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Corynebacterium diphtheria pada hidung dan tenggorokan manusia dan pada beberapa kasus menyerang kulit. Difteri tergolong ke dalam penyakit menular mematikan yang dulu pernah hilang dan sekarang muncul kembali, hal ini di sebabkan kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai imunisasi lanjutan difteri yang seharusnya dilakukan setiap 10 tahun sekali,untuk menghilangkan penyakit difteri secara keseluruhan. Fakta di lapangan banyak masyarakat yang memahami kegunaan dari imunisasi, namun masyarakat masih enggan untuk melakukan imunisasi mandiri. Ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran terhadap bahaya yang di dapat dari penyakit difteri. Keluarga merupakan sebuah sitem terbuka dimana anggota-anggotanya merupakan subsistem. Dukungan adalah sebuah support dan kekuatan di dalam anak untuk melakukan perilaku pencegahan penyakit difteri. Mendasari asuhan yang berpusat pada keluarga, yaitu fasilitasi keterlibatan orang tua dalam perawatan dan peningkatan kemampuan keluarga (ibu) merawat anaknya.

When learning English, especially vocabulary for young learners, it's a good idea to use media that can capture children's attention. However, using media is not always possible or realistic for a teacher in the classroom because the use of media depends on the learning material to be conveyed to students. In teaching vocabulary, songs can be used as a good way to introduce new vocabulary to students, so that they can understand words or lessons easily and clearly. Songs that can contain information, such as words or numbers, either in one stanza or the entire song and are used in class or private study. Before this lesson, the vocabulary of students, especially about human body parts and also the names of animals in English is very limited. After this lesson, the vocabulary of students will increase, especially the vocabulary of human body parts and also the names of animals in English. It is proven that the additional learning obtained through community service activities carried out by the author can improve students' English skills, especially students' English vocabulary.

This research was conducted to determine how big the relationship between the role of the family in providing Islamic education to children's abilities and to find out how big the ability of parents to provide basic Islamic education to their children. The method used in this research is to use quantitative methods using a correlation approach. We took samples from the parents of the students of the Al-Husna female dormitory. The results of this study state that there is a correlation between the ability of families to basic Islamic education in children. This is based on the calculation of r + 0.611 which is then consulted with the price of "r" tanel with N = 25 and a significance level of 1% = 0.505, thus 0.611> 0.505 , so it is accepted while H is rejected. And if interpreted on the correlation index "r" momentct product, then 0.611 is between 0.40-0.70, which means there is a moderate or moderate relationship between the family's ability to basic Islamic education in children.

Rasa cemas selama kehamilan khususnya pada periode trimester ketiga disebut dengan sindrom persalinan (childbirth syndrome), sindrom persalinan ini dapat berupa ketakutan akan proses persalinan dan bagaimana keadaan bayi yang akan dilahirkan dan hal ini lebih sering terjadi pada primigravida. Kecemasan yang dialami primigravida dapat dikurangi dengan berbagai cara salah satunya yaitu dengan hidroterapi. Salah satu bentuk hidroterapi yaitu rendam kaki dengan air hangat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh hidroterapi terhadap tingkat kecemasan menghadapi persalinan pada ibu primigravida di Kecamatan Seram Utara Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi Experimental dengan desain one grup pretest posttest design. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling sebanyak 15 responden. Alat penelitian menggunakan lembar kuesioner Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Paired T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh hidroterapi terhadap tingkat kecemasan menghadapi persalinan pada ibu primigravida di Kecamatan Seram Utara Barat dengan p value 0,001 < 0,05. Kesimpulan: tekhnik hidroterapi (rendam kaki dengan air hangat) dapat mengurangi tingkat kecemasan primigravida dalam menghadapi persalinan di Kecamatan Seram Utara Barat.

Indonesia is currently facing various health and nutrition problems. Indonesia experiences a triple burden of nutritional problems, namely malnutrition, excess nutrition (obesity) and micronutrient deficiencies. To overcome this nutritional problem, it can be done by implementing balanced nutrition. Balanced nutrition is a daily food composition that contains nutrients in types and quantities that suit the body's needs, taking into account the principles of food diversity or variety, physical activity, cleanliness and ideal body weight.Objective: Service activities are carried out to increase knowledge about balanced nutrition, determine nutritional status, and as a training tool for nutrition students in providing nutrition and health education to the community. This activity is expected to increase knowledge of balanced nutrition for children and adolescents at the Qurrotu A'yun Batam Center Orphanage.Conclusion: This counseling activity was carried out at the Qurrotu A'yun Batam Center Orphanage, Batam City, which was attended by children and teenagers. The activity consisted of an opening led by a team of lecturers and continued by reading material presented by a team of lecturers and students. Then the moderator returned to the event for a question and answer session and continued with measuring nutritional status and providing snacks to posyandu participants.

Islamic education in general can be understood as an effort to increase students' faith, understanding, appreciation and practice of the religion of Islam so that they become Muslim individuals who believe and are pious and have noble character in personal, social, national and state life. This study aims to reveal the effect of Islamic Religious Education on the Attitudes of Single Parent Children: 1) Implementation of Islamic Religious Education. 2) Attitude of Single Parent Children. 3) The Effect of Islamic Religious Education on the Attitude of Single Parent Family Children This research is a field research with quantitative approach with correlation method. The data collection techniques used are: 1) Observation Method 2) interviews (interviews) 3) questionnaires (questionnaires) 4) documentation. Data analysis techniques include calculating the average value (mean), product moment correlation techniques, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that Islamic religious education has a good influence on the attitude of single parent children.

Children are the next generation of the nation. Therefore they must receive serious attention and education from an early age. Early childhood is a child who is zero years old or from birth to approximately eight years old. At this age is a period that greatly influences the next stage. However, whether we are aware of it or not, today many parents feed their children too much on their formal education. Many are not aware of the benefits of learning spirituality as a support in forming moral character in children. Guidance that is practical to use without the need to add to the burden on children's minds, namely by getting used to starting or ending activities by reciting blessings. So that they feel peace of mind and always remember and can bring up a sense of love for the Messenger of Allah from an early age.

Family communication that exists is very important in the personality of the child. Therefore, the patterns of communication and interaction carried out by a family are of great concern. The purpose of this study was to read and analyze and find answers to problems in family communication in shaping children's personalities. This research uses family communication factors variables which have four dimensions, namely communication sources, messages, media, and recipients. The approach in this research is a quantitative approach with a descriptive research type. Population and sample stated 34 people who are elementary school students. The results showed that something was lacking in the factors of family communication carried out by their families. This can be seen in the lowest intentions, namely messages with scientific indicators, while the communication that occurs face-to-face to their families is maximized.

In human development, it is often characterized as a developmental milestone where new behaviors emerge and are increasingly complex as the stages of development appear in this modern era. Development does notoccur at a constant pace. A relatively fast growth (spurt) can be interspersed with slow growth (plateau).Some scholars use such uneven patterns of growth and change as evidence of qualitatively different periods of development. From the results of the study found 3 factors that have the potential to affect the development of each child's reasoning,namely; Hereditary factors (heredity), environmental factors, heredity and environmental factors that interact to form behavior. The characteristics inherited by each child have a sensitive period, namely when children are active and motivated learners and when children construct their knowledge based on experience. In implanting physical and cognitive devices there is thought and language becoming increasingly interdependent; As thought and language begin to fuse, children often talk to themselves which is known as self-talk. Self-talk has an important function in cognitive development: By talking to themselves, children learn to guide and direct their own behavior in the process of performing difficult tasks and performing complex maneuvers_just as adults guide them.

The purpose of Community Service is to improve the quality of early childhood in reading the Qur'an in Lopang Village, Kembangbahu Regency and find out what obstacles are experienced in learning the Quran at TPQ Syuhadak. The method used by preparing material that will later be applied as an interactive learning method. So that it is easy to understand and remember by children. From this dedication, it can also be known what obstacles and obstacles exist in TPQ Shuhadak both internally and externally in an effort to improve the quality of reading the Quran in early childhood.  

Civic education plays an important role in shaping the morals and character of the nation's children, especially in the midst of the increasingly strong current of globalization. This article aims to explore the importance of civic education in the context of Jayapura City, by emphasizing the moral and ethical aspects that need to be instilled in the younger generation. Through literature review and data analysis, this article seeks to provide insight into how civic education can be a tool for building the morals of the nation's children in the era of globalization.

Preparedness is the key to safety. This shows that there is a need for an earthquake and tsunami disaster preparedness plan so that losses can be minimized. Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Preparedness education was provided on November 18 2021 at Bawakaraeng High School. The aim of this service is to provide education on earthquake and tsunami disaster preparedness provided by Lecturers and Students of the D3 Nursing Study Program, Makassar College of Health Sciences, which can provide benefits and refresh the knowledge of Bawakaraeng High School children in dealing with earthquake and tsunami disasters. The method used was lecture and question and answer with 50 participants (i) level II (Class XI). The results of the activity showed that there was an increase in knowledge after the education was carried out, namely 96%, so it is hoped that when an emergency disaster occurs students will be ready and understand the things that must be done.

Disasters are events either natural or non-natural that cannot be predicted in advance. The impact of natural disasters can be in the form of comprehensive environmental damage that can cause mass human deaths. Fires can occur anywhere and at any time, fire management needs to be understood so that when a fire occurs there are no casualties. Thus, preparedness is needed to face disasters. Indonesia is one of the disaster-prone countries. The age groups that are vulnerable to this problem are babies and toddlers. Disaster management specifically for this age group includes the Infant and Child Feeding (IYCF) program. The aim of this service is to meet the nutritional needs of the infant and toddler age group in the Maccini Sawah Community Health Center Working Area, so that it can prevent nutritional problems due to disasters and can handle nutritional problems. The method used in service activities is demonstrating IYCF to the community and also providing IYCF counseling at disaster sites. The results achieved were that IYCF education ran smoothly so that feeding services for the infant and toddler groups were carried out well in phase one of the emergency. IYCF is mandatory in disaster situations to prevent and treat acute nutritional problems during disasters

Trauma capitis is a form of penetration or rapid movement, and impact of the brain within the skull which results in changes in mental status. Traumatic capitis is one of the causes of child death. Often referred to as the silent. The aim of this research is to obtain a real picture in applying nursing care to clients An.''F'' with cases of neurological system disorders: trauma capitis. This research was carried out in the ICU room at Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar for 3 days starting from 19-21 April 2023. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview techniques, observation and physical examination. The results of this study were an assessment of pain in the head, pain that felt like stabbing, pain scale 8 (severity 0-10), lasted for 3 minutes, bleeding on the right side of the head. In nursing diagnoses, there are 5 diagnoses found in cases of acute pain related to physical comfort, ineffective breathing patterns related to changes in the depth of breathing patterns, risk of infection related to bleeding in the brain, nutritional imbalances less than body requirements related to lack of appetite, impaired mobility physical related to difficulty turning positions. In implementing the action plan for patient An "F", nursing problems arise to reduce and prevent problems in patients by paying attention to the patient's condition. The implementation of nursing for patient An "F" is adjusted to the action plan that has been determined so that the nursing problems faced by the patient can be overcome or prevented. After providing nursing care for the five diagnoses, all diagnoses were resolved.