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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Papua Special Autonomy policy in improving the welfare of indigenous communities by reviewing the achievement of policy objectives, integration and coordination between institutions, and policy adaptation to the socio-cultural conditions of the local community. The approach used is qualitative with the Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) method, utilizing various secondary data sources such as policy documents, government reports, and relevant research and academic journals. The results of the study indicate that the Papua Special Autonomy policy was designed as an affirmative policy aimed at accelerating regional development, improving community welfare, and recognizing the rights of indigenous communities. This policy has produced several positive results, especially in increasing regional fiscal allocations, developing infrastructure, and expanding community access to education and health services. In addition, the establishment of special institutions such as the Papuan People's Assembly provides space for the representation of indigenous people's culture in the regional government system. However, the study also shows that the Special Autonomy policy faces several challenges, including suboptimal inter-institutional coordination, limited institutional capacity of local governments in managing Special Autonomy funds, and the incomplete integration of indigenous socio-cultural values ​​in the planning and implementation of development programs. Therefore, strengthening policy governance, increasing accountability in fund management, and expanding indigenous community participation are crucial factors in enhancing the effectiveness of Papua's Special Autonomy policy. This research provides theoretical contributions to public policy development, particularly in the context of implementing asymmetric decentralization and culture-based development policies.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of play-based methods in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning for sixth-grade students at Pelangi Elementary School. The background of this study is the decline in movement motivation in upper-grade students due to excessive focus on academic workload. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of participatory observation and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results of the study indicate that the integration of structured games in the Lesson Implementation Plan (RPP) can improve motor coordination and students' social values. In addition, modifications to game tools and rules provide creative solutions to overcome the limitations of existing facilities. The conclusion of the study confirms that the play-based approach functions not only as a recreational activity but also as an effective formal instructional method to achieve curriculum targets holistically, supporting students' physical and social development simultaneously. This approach is expected to be implemented more widely in schools to improve the quality of PJOK learning.

The performance of asphalt mixtures is strongly influenced by the composition of their constituent materials, particularly aggregate size and mixing temperature during production. In many tropical and subtropical regions, asphalt pavements frequently experience rutting, reduced stability, and changes in viscoelastic properties due to high environmental temperatures and heavy traffic loads. These conditions can significantly affect pavement durability, making it essential to produce asphalt mixtures that meet established technical standards. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in aggregate size distribution and mixing temperature on the Marshall characteristics of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures. The research employs the Marshall test method to evaluate the load-bearing capacity and stability of hot asphalt mixtures and to assess their compliance with ASTM/SNI standards. The results indicate that mixtures with standard aggregate gradation achieve stability values of 985 kg at 120°C, 1055 kg at 140°C, and 1107 kg at 160°C. As mixing temperature increases, flow values decrease, while the Marshall Quotient (MQ) increases, indicating improved stiffness. Higher temperatures also enhance compaction, reducing VIM and VMA while increasing VFA. Conversely, non-standard aggregate gradations result in several parameters failing to meet ASTM/SNI requirements, confirming that standard gradation produces superior asphalt performance.

This study aims to analyze the potential of eupatorin found in Cat’s Whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) as an anticancer agent using in silico methods. Eupatorin was selected due to its promising biological activity reported in previous literature. The research employed compound structure data registered in PubChem, analyzed through PASS Online for pharmacological activity prediction, ProTox-II for toxicity evaluation, and pkCSM for ADMET parameters. The results indicated that eupatorin has a high probability of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation with significant pharmacological activity values. Toxicity predictions showed a safe profile with an LD50 supporting its potential therapeutic use. ADMET analysis demonstrated that eupatorin possesses good bioavailability, adequate absorption and distribution, and minimal metabolic interactions, supporting its efficacy as an anticancer compound. These findings suggest that eupatorin could be an important candidate for herbalbased drug development, particularly for cancer therapy, and provide opportunities for further research through in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate anticancer activity comprehensively.

Public space revitalization is an important strategy in urban development aimed at improving the quality of urban environments while stimulating social interaction and local economic activities. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Motang Rua Field revitalization program in Manggarai Regency and assess the extent to which the program achieved its intended development objectives. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with key informants including local government officials, project contractors, small business actors, and community members, as well as documentation related to the revitalization program. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that the revitalization program demonstrates a high level of relevance to community needs and aligns with the regional development vision of Ruteng Kota Molas. The implementation process shows strong coherence through effective inter-institutional coordination and consistency between planning and execution. The revitalization has also proven effective in improving public facilities, enhancing community social activities, and stimulating local economic growth through increased micro and small business activities. Furthermore, the program was implemented efficiently in terms of budget management and project timeline. The revitalization also contributes to strengthening socio-cultural values through the preservation of the historical figure Motang Rua and shows strong sustainability potential through increased public utilization of the revitalized space.

This study examines the integration of Christian values into the Merdeka Curriculum for Christian Religious Education (PAK) in junior high schools (SMP), focusing on the challenges and strategies for its implementation. The Merdeka Curriculum, introduced in 2022, offers flexibility in instructional design; however, its implementation in the field of PAK requires specific adaptations to maintain the relevance of Christian values such as love, justice, and responsibility. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using library research combined with empirical content analysis of various case studies in Indonesian Christian schools. The findings indicate that the primary challenges include resource constraints, the readiness of PAK teachers, technological infrastructure gaps, and the influence of secular digital culture. Effective strategies include the development of a contextual curriculum based on Christian values, the utilization of digital technology in learning, the enhancement of teachers’ professional competencies, and collaboration between schools, families, and churches. The implications of this study suggest that the integration of Christian values into the Merdeka Curriculum can foster the holistic character of junior high school students, equipping them with integrity, resilience, and the ability to face the challenges of the digital age.

The development of digital technology has transformed information consumption patterns, including within the realm of spiritual belief. Generation Z, as the generation born and raised in a digital world the digital ecosystem, exhibits new tendencies in understanding and internalizing noble values through various digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the consumption patterns of virtual content among Generation Z from the perspective of adherents of indigenous beliefs in the One Supreme God (Penghayat Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa), and to examine its implications for modern forms of spirituality. The method used in this study is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on theoretical studies concerning digital religiosity, media literacy, and spiritual individualization. The results of the study show that digital media, especially platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Podcasts, have become an alternative space for Generation Z to explore and express spiritual values independently, interactively, and contextually. This phenomenon also presents challenges in the form of the spread of unverified information and the potential to distort facts regarding the authenticity of the teachings of the belief. Therefore, spiritual digital literacy is needed to guide Generation Z to remain critical, rational, and selective in consuming religious content in the digital space.

The Fréchet distribution is one of the commonly used Extreme Value Distributions (EVDs) in statistical modeling and heavy-tailed data analysis, where it plays an important role in describing product lifetimes as well as climatic and financial phenomena. The estimation of its two parameters, namely the shape parameter and the scale parameter, is traditionally based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. However, maximizing the likelihood function for this distribution involves numerical difficulties, which necessitates the use of numerical optimization methods. In this study, we propose the use of the Aquila Optimizer (AO), a recent metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the hunting behavior of eagles, as an efficient numerical tool for maximizing the likelihood function of the Fréchet distribution. The objective function was formulated as the negative log-likelihood function (-LogL), and the Aquila Optimizer was employed to obtain the optimal estimates of the distribution parameters. Several simulation experiments with different sample sizes were conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with a conventional approach represented by the Nelder–Mead method, using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) criterion. The simulation results demonstrated that the Aquila Optimizer outperformed the Nelder–Mead algorithm in many cases, although the superiority was slight. The results also showed that both algorithms were consistent, as their MSE values decreased with increasing sample size. In addition, a practical application was carried out using real data, and the results of the survival function estimation indicated a good fit.

The phenomenon of language globalization has brought a significant influence on the communication patterns and cultural identity of Generation Z, including those who adhere to indigenous belief systems. The global trend that emphasizes the dominance of foreign languages often leads to a decline in appreciation for local languages and the spiritual values embedded within them. This article aims to examine the role of multilingual literacy as a means of strengthening the spirituality of Generation Z adherents of indigenous beliefs in facing the challenges of language globalization. The research method used is a literature study by reviewing various theoretical sources and relevant research findings from the past five years. The results indicate that multilingual literacy not only enhances cross-cultural communication skills but also strengthens the spiritual awareness and cultural identity of Generation Z through the preservation of local languages and the interpretation of local values in a modern context. Therefore, multilingual literacy can serve as an effective strategy for developing a generation that is religious, has strong character, and remains rooted in its traditional beliefs amidst the rapid flow of globalization.

This study examines the local wisdom values of the Javanese and Batak ethnic groups in maintaining harmony between humans and nature, as well as their relevance to shaping the spirituality of Generation Z. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a library research approach. Data were obtained from books, scientific articles, and previous studies. The findings show that Memayu Hayuning Bawana and Habonaron Do Bona both emphasize balance and harmony among humans, nature, and God. These values can be applied by Generation Z to develop ecological spirituality rooted in local wisdom and aligned with modern challenges. This study contributes to strengthening the spiritual identity of young generations in the digital era through the revitalization of local wisdom values, The younger generation can find a more holistic and harmonious life guide, while strengthening their spiritual identity amidst the currents of globalization and digitalization. This research contributes to efforts to shape the character and spirituality of an environmentally conscious young generation, based on local wisdom.

The Panji Story is one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) that has historical, cultural, and local identity values, especially for the people of Kediri. However, currently, the community's understanding of the Panji Story tends to be limited and is often considered only as a romantic story, so that the historical and cultural values contained therein are not fully understood. This activity aims to strengthen the community's understanding of the Panji Story as a source of history and local cultural heritage through a national seminar. The activity was conducted in the form of a seminar involving presentations by expert speakers, interactive discussions, and question and answer sessions with participants from various backgrounds, such as students, the general public, and cultural activists. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding and awareness of the historical, cultural, and educational value of the Panji Story. Participants not only understood the diversity of versions of the Panji Story, but also began to view it as an important part of local cultural identity that needs to be preserved and sustained. This activity showed that national seminars can be an effective educational medium in building collective public awareness of the sustainable preservation of local history and culture.

This community service project aims to accentuate inclusive values among the youth of Tanjung Dapura, Makassar City, to strengthen social cohesion in a heterogeneous urban environment. The implementation methods included team consolidation, material preparation, and strategic coordination with local government authorities. The core activities were conducted through participatory counseling and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to independently analyze social exclusion challenges. The materials focused on the importance of respecting diversity and the strategic role of youth as inclusive agents of change. The results indicated a significant increase in participants' understanding of inclusion literacy and their ability to formulate creative solutions for local discrimination issues. Evaluation through observation and reflection confirmed a paradigm shift among the youth from passive tolerance toward active participation in embracing differences. This project concludes that the synergy between critical education and collaborative dialogue successfully transforms youth into resilient pillars of social harmony. The accentuation of these inclusive values is expected to become the foundation for a more just and sustainable coastal community in Makassar.

The Low Voltage Main Distribution Panel (LVMDP) is a critical component in industrial power distribution systems, functioning to regulate, control, and distribute electrical energy to various production equipment. During operation, LVMDP panels often operate under high electrical loads, which may lead to temperature increases in their components. Undetected temperature rise can result in performance degradation, equipment failure, and even fire hazards. Therefore, an effective monitoring method is required to detect the condition of electrical components at an early stage. This study aims to analyze the temperature difference (ΔT) of LVMDP components using the Infrared Thermography method as part of predictive maintenance. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach with data collected through direct observation from July 1 to July 31 at PT. Dongjin Indonesia. The data consist of hotspot and ambient temperatures measured from several panel components, which are then analyzed to calculate the temperature difference (ΔT) as an indicator of component operating conditions. The results indicate that the highest temperature difference is 26.5 °C in the capacitor bank, while the lowest is 4 °C in other components. All ΔT values are below the threshold limit of 50 °C, indicating that the LVMDP components are in safe operating conditions and do not require corrective actions. Thus, Infrared Thermography is proven to be an effective method for early detection of component conditions and can enhance the reliability and safety of industrial power distribution systems.

This study examines the impact of MBKM, campus culture, and learning achievement on work readiness in Islamic financial institutions, specifically for students from the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business at UIN Datokarama Palu, Class of 2022. Using a quantitative approach with descriptive research design, the study aims to analyze how these factors influence students' preparedness for work in the industry. The findings show that MBKM, campus culture, and learning achievement each have a positive and significant effect on work readiness. MBKM, with its emphasis on direct industrial experience, has the strongest impact, while campus culture shapes students' character and work ethics. Learning achievement reflects academic competencies essential for entering the workforce. The combined influence of these three factors was proven to significantly impact work readiness, with an F-value of 5.393, greater than the F-table value of 2.72. This demonstrates that work readiness stems from a combination of practical experience, acceptance of campus values, and academic success, all of which should be developed continuously.

This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of KUB chickens fed with a combination of fermented agricultural waste, specifically Maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens) and Azolla microphylla. A total of 96 KUB chickens aged 30 days were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a basal diet substituted with the fermented waste combination at levels of 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% (P3). Parameters observed included feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The results showed that increasing the level of waste substitution significantly affected feed consumption due to the bulky nature of the fiber, yet body weight gain remained stable across all treatments. The FCR values ranging from 3.21 to 3.25 indicated that the high-quality protein from Maggot BSF effectively compensated for the reduced feed intake. It is concluded that the substitution of fermented agricultural waste up to 15% (P3) is an optimal and efficient formulation to maintain the growth performance of KUB chickens.

This study analyzes the application of good governance principles in the context of Islamic financial service management at Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) Islam Berdaya Mandiri Kaitakan. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of internal documents. The results of the study show that the five principles of good governance transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness have been adequately implemented, albeit with varying degrees of depth. Transparency is realized through routine financial reporting at the Annual Member Meeting, although access to daily information is still limited. Accountability is maintained through internal and external oversight mechanisms from the Cooperative Office, although independent external audits have not been carried out routinely. The institution's responsibility is reflected in its sharia compliance, which is supervised by the Sharia Supervisory Board, and the accuracy of its financial reporting. Independence is realized through a deliberative decision-making process, while fairness is applied in the form of non-discriminatory services and the distribution of financing based on field verification. The findings reveal that the main challenges lie in the digitization of information systems and limited resources for external audits. Overall, the implementation of good governance at BMT has created a governance foundation that is in line with sharia principles and modern public administration values, with room for improvement mainly in the optimization of information technology and institutional capacity building.

Attention mechanisms have been widely incorporated into recurrent neural network architectures for financial time series forecasting, with most prior work reporting improvements in price-level error metrics. This study revisits that claim through a controlled empirical comparison of four deep learning architectures on nearly two decades of Telkom Indonesia (TLKM) closing price data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The models evaluated are a three-layer Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) baseline, a comparable Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, a Bahdanau end-attention GRU (Attn-GRU-V2), and a multi-head self-attention GRU hybrid (Attn-GRU-V3). Each architecture is trained over 30 independent runs with distinct random seeds, and performance is reported as 95% confidence intervals derived from the t-distribution. Statistical comparisons employ the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a nonparametric paired test appropriate given the confirmed non-normality of residuals. The main finding is a consistent trade-off: the plain GRU achieves the lowest RMSE (94.02 ± 1.22 IDR) across all 30 runs, while Attn-GRU-V2 achieves the highest directional accuracy (45.91 ± 0.09%), surpassing GRU in every independent run. Bahdanau attention weights are nearly uniform across the 30-day lookback window (coefficient of variation: 3.21%), indicating that the mechanism cannot identify selectively informative timesteps in this univariate price series. This finding is consistent with the weak-form Efficient Market Hypothesis for the Indonesian market. An ablation study reveals that a 20-day lookback window maximizes directional accuracy (47.72 ± 0.21%) for the Attn-GRU-V2 model. These results suggest that Bahdanau end-attention consistently and significantly improves directional accuracy relative to a plain GRU baseline, providing an architecturally attributable advantage for direction-based applications, even when absolute price-level error is not reduced. The directional accuracy values remaining below 50% across all models are consistent with a weak-form efficiency characterization of the Indonesian market.

This research was conducted on the clean water distribution network of PDAM Tirta Ayumi in Padangsidimpuan City. PDAM Tirta Ayumi serves two districts, namely Padangsidimpuan Batunadua District and Padangsidimpuan Tenggara District. The purpose of this study is to simulate and analyze the clean water distribution network of PDAM Tirta Ayumi Padangsidimpuan City using the Epanet 2.2 software. The data collection technique applied in this research was the literature study method. The results of the simulation analysis of the clean water distribution network in the service area of PDAM Tirta Ayumi Padangsidimpuan City, particularly in Padangsidimpuan Batunadua District and Padangsidimpuan Tenggara District, using the Epanet 2.2 software indicate that several parameters at the link and node in each management area have not met the required values based on the referenced standards. Therefore, updates or adjustments to the link and node in each management area are necessary to ensure that the parameters meet the required standards, thereby optimizing the simulation design of the PDAM Tirta Ayumi clean water distribution network.

As the foundation and official ideology of the Indonesian state, Pancasila plays a crucial role in guiding the management of national affairs and the overall conduct of state life. The core principles of Pancasila divinity, humanism, unity, democracy, and social justice reflect the character, identity, and collective values of the diverse Indonesian people. The purpose of this study is to examine in depth the function of Pancasila as a state ideology and the significance of implementing its principles in contemporary and evolving society. Through the exploration and analysis of various scholarly sources, including books, academic journals, and official state documents, this research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. The findings indicate that Pancasila functions not only as the nation’s way of life but also as the philosophical foundation of the state and a unifying ideology within Indonesia’s heterogeneous society. Furthermore, the preservation of national identity, the strengthening of social cohesion and peace, and the ability to face the challenges of industrialization and globalization are highly dependent on the successful internalization of Pancasila’s values. Therefore, to achieve sustainable and inclusive national development, consistent and continuous efforts are required to enhance understanding, appreciation, and implementation of Pancasila’s values across all levels of society.

The customary forest of Sub-Tribe Afsya, Bariat Village, South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua is a lowland tropical rainforest of approximately 2,500 hectares managed under the indigenous "Sasi Adat" system. This study aimed to determine bird species diversity, evenness of distribution, and the relationship between bird communities and vegetation structure. Research was conducted in January 2026 using a combination of line transect and point count methods along five 1,000-meter transects, observed in the morning (06:00–10:00 WIT) and afternoon (15:30–18:00 WIT). Data were analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (H’), Simpson's Dominance Index (D), Evenness Index (E), and vegetation Important Value Index (IVI). The study recorded 30 bird species from 16 families with 492 individuals, including 12 Papua-endemic species protected under Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.106/2018. H’ values ranged from 1.197 to 2.472 (moderate to high); dominance was low to moderate; and evenness ranged from 0.668 to 0.933, with most transects showing high evenness (E > 0.75). Vegetation was dominated by damar trees (Agathis labillardierei) and fruiting trees synergistically supporting frugivore, insectivore, and nectarivore bird guilds. The Sasi Adat management system demonstrably contributes to habitat quality, rendering this forest of significant conservation value for Southwest Papua's avifauna.