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Narcotics are substances that cause certain effects for those who use them and put them into their bodies. Along with the development of the times, the types of drugs are increasing and have various variations. One example of a new type of drug is gorilla tobacco. Criminal Law Policy Against New Types of Narcotics Abuse. This study uses a normative juridical research type with a Philosophical approach, Criminal Law Political Approach, legislation, case approach and examines the contents of various legal sources, both books, journals and other related legal sources to answer the aspects that are the focus of the research. The results of this study indicate that in 2022 31,420 incidents were caused by an increase in the abuse of new types of narcotics (New Psychoactive Substances) which in previous years were not registered in the appendix to Law Number 35 of 2009, this caused a Legal Vacuum regarding the New Type of Narcotics. In addition, the author also analyzes the law enforcement against new types of narcotics (gorilla tobacco) in a review of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and the form of criminal responsibility carried out by perpetrators of gorilla tobacco abuse in the decision of the District Court Number 32/Pid.sus/2021/PN Rtg.

This study aims to analyze the potential of local wisdom-based creative economy in Soaib Village, Kemtuk District, Jayapura Regency. Soaib Village has cultural wealth and abundant natural resources, including organic cocoa and orchids, which make it potential to be developed into a sustainable creative economy sector. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the SWOT method, explanatory analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the potential of existing resources. The results showed that organic cocoa and orchids are leading sectors that can be the driving force of the local economy. However, there are significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, lack of technical training, cocoa pests, and limited market access. Support from organizations such as WWF in providing training and mentoring has had a positive impact, especially in improving community skills related to forest product management and orchid cultivation. The SWOT analysis revealed several key factors: (1) strengths in the form of natural resources and active community participation; (2) weaknesses in the form of lack of infrastructure and capital; (3) opportunities in the form of global demand for organic products and government support; and (4) threats in the form of climate change and competition from other regions. With more structured and inclusive management, this potential can be maximized to support sustainable economic development. This research emphasizes the importance of local wisdom as a foundation in creative economic development, while maintaining environmental sustainability. The resulting strategic recommendations include improving infrastructure, strengthening technical training, strengthening local institutions, and promoting awareness about the importance of sustainability. With these steps, Soaib Village is expected to become an example of successful management of local wisdom-based creative economy that can be replicated in other areas.

Wrong perceptions regarding exclusive breastfeeding can influence exclusive breastfeeding. An example is insufficient breast milk production. This reason is the main reason mothers do not breastfeed exclusively. In this case, the mother feels that her breast milk is not enough, with various complaints such as the breasts getting smaller, the breast milk becoming thinner, the baby crying more often and asking to be breastfed more often (Walyani, 2015). This research aims to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and social support on the provision of exclusive breast milk to breastfeeding mothers at the Datuk Bandar Community Health Center, Datuk Bandar District, Tanjungbalai City in 2024. This type of research is research with a cross-sectional design. The population and sample were all breastfeeding mothers at the Datuk Bandar Community Health Center, Datuk Bandar District, Tanjungbalai City in 2024 in May-June, as many as 39 people using the total sampling technique using the Chi Square statistical test. There is no significant relationship between age and exclusive breastfeeding. There is a significant relationship between education level and exclusive breastfeeding. There is a significant relationship between work and exclusive breastfeeding. There is no significant relationship between social support and exclusive breastfeeding at the Datuk Bandar Community Health Center, Datuk Bandar District, Tanjungbalai City in 2024

The Industrial Revolution 5.0 has a significant impact on social, economic, and cultural life, including religious practices. At the same time, the Antiquum Ministerium document issued by Pope Francis emphasizes the importance of the role of catechists in guiding the faithful towards a deeper understanding of the faith. Therefore, there needs to be an adjustment of catechesis methods and approaches in order to be able to answer the challenges and needs of today's generation who are familiar with technology. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how catechists can carry out and adapt their life callings in the context of the Industrial Revolution 5.0, as well as to identify the challenges they face in facing the changing times and develop effective strategies for Catholic faith education in the digital age. The method used in this study is a literature study. Literature study is a series of activities related to the method of collecting library data, reading and recording and processing research materials. Literature studies study various reference books as well as the results of previous research. Catechists have an important role to play in teaching and fostering the faith of the people, serving as an example that reflects the teachings of Christ, especially in the context of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 which emphasizes social welfare and the use of technology. In the midst of rapid change, they are expected to bridge the gap between faith and technology, leveraging digital advancements to achieve the catechesis mission. Thus, catechists not only contribute to the teaching of doctrine, but also become agents of change who spread the values of love and hope to society.

Default, or breach of contract, is a common problem in business transactions and can have significant impacts, both financially and non-financially. This article analyzes the various forms of default, such as failure to fulfill obligations, delays, or non-performance in accordance with the agreement. The impact of default is not only directly related to financial losses—for example through fines or damages—but can also damage business relationships and the company's reputation. Therefore, good contract design is very important in reducing this risk. Effective contract design should include clear clauses regarding obligations, deadlines, and sanctions that apply in the event of a breach. Penalty clauses are often used to provide incentives for the parties involved to fulfill their obligations. Furthermore, in the context of globalization and international transactions, it is important for contracts to include clear dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation or arbitration, to avoid escalation of problems. This article aims to provide practical guidance for companies in designing contracts that not only reduce the risk of default, but also ensure the sustainability of mutually beneficial business relationships. With a thorough understanding of legal risks and the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, companies can maintain smooth operations and prevent major losses due to default.   Keywords : Default, Breach Of Contract, Contract Drafting, ,, , Mediation, Arbitration, Corporate Reputation, Risk Management.

This study discusses the development of bullying prevention policy instruments as an effort to create Child-Friendly Schools in Surabaya City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in the study from the head of the Middle School student work team of the Surabaya City Education Office, the Head of the Women and Children Protection Division of the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Office and Population Control and Family Planning of Surabaya City, the violence prevention and response team at SMPN 61 Surabaya, the violence prevention and response team at SMP Islam Shafta Surabaya, the violence prevention and response team at SMP Wijaya Putra Surabaya. Analysis of the development of bullying prevention policy instruments as an effort to create Child-Friendly Schools in Surabaya City uses the Howlett and Ramesh theory with 3 instruments, namely: (1) mandatory instruments (2) voluntary instruments and (3) mixed instruments. According to the Regulation of the Minister of State for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2014 concerning Child-Friendly School Policies at SMPN 61 Surabaya, SMP Islam Shafta, and SMP Wijaya Putra, 6 indicators have been implemented in creating Child-Friendly Schools. But there is still something lacking. And of the 3 schools, the most complete in implementing Child-Friendly Schools is SMPN 61 Surabaya. So other schools also need to follow the example of SMPN 61 Surabaya.

Law enforcement serves as a fundamental mechanism for establishing order, security, and peace within society. It encompasses efforts to prevent or eliminate violations of the law, addressing issues both preventively and repressively. However, challenges arise when actions taken do not align with established procedures. The appropriate course of action within a legal framework is essential, and when discussing legal protection in the context of procedural law, it is important to clarify that such protection should not be interpreted as a means to shield offenders from accountability. This study seeks to evaluate law enforcement in Indonesia through the lenses of legal certainty, justice, and societal benefit. Employing a literature review methodology, which relies on expert opinions, the findings indicate notable deficiencies in the law enforcement system in Indonesia. For an extended period, those seeking justice within society have yearned for equitable law enforcement. Nevertheless, current practices in law enforcement tend to prioritize legal certainty over the community's sense of justice. Various court decisions, for example in the case of grandmother Minah and Aal, the sandal thief, seem to illustrate that law enforcement tends towards the view that law is law and has given rise to public disappointment with law enforcement in Indonesia.

The phenomenon of default on insurance policy claims is quite rampant in Indonesia, for example what happened to PT Jiwasraya and AJB Bumiputera 1912 so that the implementation of the supervisory function by the Financial Services Authority is questioned. This research aims to find out how the challenges of the Financial Services Authority in implementing the supervisory function of insurance institutions. This research uses normative legal research with literature study. The results of this study indicate that the Financial Services Authority implements its supervisory function using the risk-based supervision (RBS) method and faces challenges in implementing its supervisory function, namely: limited data, human resources, and budget; the complexity of financial institutions; changes in organizational culture within the Financial Services Authority and insurance institutions; and lack of financial literacy among the public.

Social media has become an important part of modern society, including in Indonesia. Its rapid development has a significant influence on various aspects of life, one of which is language. The influence of social media on the development of the Indonesian language is often seen from the emergence of new terms, the use of informal language, and the simplification of sentence structures. Language changes influenced by social media raise concerns about the decline in the ability to speak good and correct Indonesian, especially among the younger generation. This study aims to determine the influence of social media on the development of the Indonesian language among teenagers. The findings include the entry of absorption from foreign languages, especially English. Words such as "selfie", "hashtag", "viral", and "followers" are examples of new vocabulary that originally came from English but are now widely used by Indonesian speakers. The influence of social media on the development of vocabulary in Indonesian can also be seen from the use of abbreviations and acronyms. Due to character limitations on some platforms such as Twitter, users often use abbreviations to express themselves.

The development of the Indonesian nation at this time is development in the economic field to improve the standard of living and welfare of the entire nation. So how can we direct students toward an active financial life? This can be achieved by teaching entrepreneurial activities to students, so that students develop entrepreneurship, for example through school cooperatives. Business values ​​(characteristics) are conveyed through actual sales activities in school cooperatives. Where some students are directly involved in the management of the student's school cooperative itself. Based on this background, the objectives of this research are: (1) Describe student cooperative activities at SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo to form student entrepreneurship participants. (2) description of student entrepreneurship through student cooperatives at SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo. (3) Describe the factors that support and hinder the growth of entrepreneurial creativity in students of SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo through student cooperatives. The research method used to write this research is descriptive qualitative research taken from various journal articles and the author collects and analyzes various references to these articles. All data that is summarized in scientific articles on qualitative data does not use numbers, tables, g-tables or graphs, but rather in the form of descriptions from various sources or scientific journal references. Research using descriptive techniques is data analysis by describing or illustrating the collected data just like that, without drawing conclusions. The following can be interpreted from data analysis: 1) Activities that aim to form the entrepreneurial spirit of students are as direct learning and student participation in various activities in cooperatives, and entrepreneurial activities of students are formed following the activities of various cooperatives. Entrepreneurial values ​​among students are leadership, confident, communicative, responsible, honest handling, diligent, cooperative and willing to take risks. (2) Entrepreneurial skills developed by students, for example the ability to provide good service and communication, manage and make good use of time, lead cooperatives well and think smartly to seize opportunities. (3) The enabling aspect is encouragement or motivation from parents of students and students who have the desire to become entrepreneurs, while two things that become inhibiting factors are: Lack of funds and geographic location

This research aims to revive the spirit of Pancasila life in the millennial era. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive research method where data is collected through literature review. The literature used in this research is scientific articles related to reviving the spirit of Pancasila in the millennial era. Data collection was carried out by searching for articles from electronic journals and other publications related to the study topic. From the results of the study it can be seen It is concluded that reviving the spirit of Pancasila life in the millennial era is a rare strategy to maintain the integrity of the nation amidst the challenges of globalization, technological developments and shifting social values. Formal and informal education is the main key to instilling values. Pancasila. Implementation of values ​​such as tolerance, justice, mutual cooperation, and love of the country must be carried out through a creative approach that is in line with the characteristics of the millennial generation, such as through digital media, collaborative activities, and example. Therefore, there needs to be more awareness sign height.

This article examines the concept of Al-Muwazanah in the science of balaghah and examples of the application of parallelism in classical Arabic language. Al-Muwazanah is a part of muhassinat al-lafdziyah  that focuses on balance and symmetry in sentence structure or the repetition of patterns in two or more parts of a text. Al-Muwazanah is divided into two main types: parallelism in form (structural) and parallelism in meaning (thematic). This research employs a qualitative approach using the method of library study. Based on the analysis, numerous examples of Al-Muwazanah can be found in classical texts, demonstrating the beauty and balance in message delivery.

The Constitutional Court (MK) regarding the Election Law on the presidential and vice presidential nomination threshold. Since the presidential election was held directly, the issue of the threshold for nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates has always surfaced every time a presidential election is held. In 2004, for example, the presidential nomination threshold was 10 percent. This research is a juridical-normative research, namely a process to find legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The data was analyzed descriptively-qualitatively.The results of this study indicate that the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/PUU-XVII/2020 concerning the presidential nomination threshold (Presidential Threshold) is one of the important decisions in the discourse of democracy in Indonesia. The following is an explanation of the Ratio Decidendi of the decision in relation to the concept of democracy: Constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold The Constitutional Court (MK) in its decision emphasized that the presidential threshold or presidential nomination threshold is constitutional. This means that the provisions regarding the threshold do not conflict with the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court is of the opinion that the presidential threshold is an open legal policy (Open Legal Policy) which is the authority of the lawmakers, namely the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President. The purpose of the Presidential Threshold, the Constitutional Court explained that the purpose of the presidential threshold is to simplify the party system and the presidential system, as well as to create government stability. The Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 87/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 129/Puu-XXI/2023, Number 131/Puu-XXI 2023 concerning the Presidential Nomination Threshold is the Presidential Threshold is constitutional and does not conflict with the principles of democracy.

Generation Z or Gen Z is a generation that lives alongside the development of digital technology. The age of Gen Z is the age of the generation that will lead a nation in the future, for this reason, careful preparation is needed to form the characteristics needed by the world in the future, one of which is sensitivity to global issues. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to find out the role of Gen Z in obtaining information and responding to existing global issues. The research method in this study is a narrative review with a qualitative research type. The results show that Gen Z's concern can be seen from their sensitivity to global issues by being actively involved through social media platforms, for example about maintaining mental stability, environmental issues such as climate change, and so on. 

The existence of management of facilities and infrastructure to serve the entire community in the school through a joint effort to achieve goals both effectively and efficiently. The formulation of the research problem is; How to Manage School Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Student Learning Achievement at MTS Assalam. The aim of the research is to find out how the management of school facilities and infrastructure supports the achievement of student participants at MTS Assalam Penuguan Banyuasin. Qualitative research method, using a descriptive approach. Information is obtained from interviews, hand notes, documents and visual materials such as photos and videos, materials from the internet and other documents. As a result of the research, findings were obtained regarding: The availability of facilities and infrastructure in schools can make it easier for students and teachers in the learning process, if they have adequate facilities and infrastructure, teachers' strategies and skills in teaching and use the facilities and infrastructure appropriately. Complete educational facilities and infrastructure can create better learning conditions. Based on the research results, conclusions from interviews with management informants of facilities and infrastructure at MTS Assalam can be said to support student learning achievement, because at MTS Assalam the infrastructure is good. And the suggestion is that schools need to increase creativity and innovation in maintaining facilities and infrastructure. So doesn't cost too much money or procurement funds for maintenance. For example, holding a class wall cleaning competition. So that student creativity increases, maintenance is maintained and expenses for purchasing wall paint are minimized.

The reality of the aging process in humans, the shortage of healthcare resources, and the increasing cost of medical care make Internet of Things (IoT)-based technologies need to be adapted to address these challenges in healthcare. IoT can lead to a wide range of medical applications, including remote health monitoring, fitness programs, chronic diseases, and elderly care. Another important potential application is sensitivity to home care and medication and by healthcare providers. This article aims to provide a description of the use of IoT in the health sector through the presentation of examples of IoT applied in the world of health from previous research. The research method used is literature search from various journals, books, and other e-resources. The result is an overview of the use of IoT in the health sector through the presentation of existing examples.

Community service was conducted to socialize green marketing techniques to goat farmers. A total of 65 participants consisting of farmers and local officials actively took part in discussions, workshops, and group work with an interactive participatory approach to increase knowledge on sustainable marketing. The methodology used covered the needs of the farmers through field observations and discussions with the community. The results of these discussions showed a 75% increase in knowledge of green marketing concepts and identified competitive advantages in promoting the environmental benefits of their products. There was a change in perception as now was the time to attract environmentally conscious consumers.  Therefore, it is important to advance the economic resilience of villages by providing sustainable marketing. Equipping farmers with sustainable marketing knowledge and instruments helps Karang Tunggal Village become an example for other villages in improving market competitiveness.

Cooperation between Indonesia and Japan in the automotive industry, particularly through the development of the Toyota Kijang, is an example of strategic collaboration that has successfully supported economic and technological growth. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of this bilateral cooperation, focusing on achievements and challenges in technology transfer, strengthening local industries, and the resulting socio-economic impacts. The research method uses a qualitative literature study that refers to theories of global political economy, mercantilism, international cooperation, and international business. The results show that Toyota Kijang has successfully become a symbol of innovation and economic integration between the two countries. However, dependence on Japanese technology, barriers to technology transfer, and unequal distribution of benefits are the main challenges. To overcome this, it is recommended that technology transfer policies be strengthened, collaboration between the education and industry sectors be made, international cooperation partners be diversified, and investment in green technology research increase. These steps are expected to improve the competitiveness of Indonesia's automotive industry and encourage more sustainable cooperation in the future.

Teachers are the most important component in the learning process in education. However, many students are not interested and bored during the learning process; some even fall asleep after being promised something. Students' ability to understand learning materials is influenced by various internal and environmental variables. Helping students in learning will have a negative impact on their development and quality of life in the future if not managed properly by parents and teachers. Therefore, parents, schools, and instructors all contribute to helping children overcome their challenges. Teachers have an important influence in the lives of their students. Thus, this diagnostic seeks to identify the root causes of students' learning challenges and identify solutions. This study aims to (1) identify factors that cause learning difficulties, (2) identify procedures and techniques for analyzing learning difficulties diagnosis, (3) determine the location of students' learning challenges or problems, and (4) help students who experience learning difficulties. Data collection was carried out using two techniques, namely observation of the teaching and learning process (PBM) and the student environment, as well as interviews with parents and instructors. According to the results of the study, students were less enthusiastic about learning because they were less interested and even tended to be lazy. Some students dislike some subjects because of their inability to understand certain elements. Therefore, such students rarely complete the assignments given and almost never take notes on certain lesson topics. Furthermore, the lack of interest in learning for some students can also be caused by their inability to understand the information that the instructor is trying to convey. This is caused by the failure of teachers to provide detailed examples of how to solve problems, and some teachers even fail to include examples when explaining the lesson content.

The branch of linguistics that studies the external structure of language is pragmatics. Speech acts are analyzed in the field of pragmatics, which is a branch of linguistics that studies language in terms of how language is used (speech). Speech acts are divided into 3 types, namely locution, illocution, and perlocution. This research will examine one of the components of speech acts, namely the illocutionary speech acts of assertive (representative) forms. Representative speech acts are included in the types of speech acts used to explain something, such as facts, statements, affirmations, descriptions, and conclusions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the representative speech acts used in the video "How to Learn Effectively" on the YouTube channel "Hujan Tanda Tanya." There are two types of approaches in this research, namely the descriptive qualitative methodological approach and the pragmatic approach. The methods used in this research are listening, note-taking, and pairing methods. Formal and informal presentation methods are used in this research. There are 7 videos, each of which lasts approximately 6 to 11 minutes, and 140 utterances are found that are included in the representative speech acts. The utterances are divided into 10 types, namely stating, showing, mentioning, informing, suggesting, explaining, giving examples, speculating, reporting, and asking theoretical questions. This research is expected to enrich the literature on pragmatic analysis in the context of digital media, especially related to representative speech acts in educational videos on platforms such as YouTube. In addition, this research is expected to describe and understand various types of speech, especially representative speech.