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This study investigates the implementation of the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm for network intrusion detection using the CICIDS2017 dataset within the CRISP-DM framework. The process encompasses Business Understanding, Data Understanding, and Data Preparation including data cleaning, categorical feature encoding, normalization, and data split (80 % training, 20 % testing). In the Modeling phase, GBM Hyperparameters (learning_rate = 0.1; max_depth = 5; n_estimators = 150) were optimized via Grid Search with 2-fold Cross Validation, and F1-Score  was selected as the primary metric due to class imbalance. Evaluation on the test set yielded accuracy of 99.99 %, precision of 100 %, Recall of 99.98 %, and F1-Score  of 99.99 %, demonstrating exceptional detection capability with minimal false negatives and false positives. Compared to previous studies, this GBM model outperforms in accuracy and stability without overfitting. These findings confirm GBM’s effectiveness for modern Intrusion Detection Systems and its suitability for Deployment in resource-constrained operational environments.

Digitalization in the fitness industry is increasingly essential to improve efficiency and service quality. However, many fitness centers still manage data manually, including KRESNA GYM, which faces challenges in member registration, workout scheduling, and facility information delivery. This study aims to design a web-based e-fitness application using the Laravel framework to support digital service management. The development follows the Waterfall model through stages of requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The application includes features such as a landing page, admin/member login and registration, management dashboards, workout schedules, equipment guides, and supplement listings. Black-box testing confirms that all features function as expected. This system simplifies administrative processes and enhances member experience, making it effective in supporting digital transformation at KRESNA GYM.

Online maps applications have become an essential tool for modern society in finding the fastest and most efficient routes. However, these applications often fail to detect current road conditions such as flooding, demonstrations, accidents, or public events, causing users to get stuck in problematic routes. This study aims to develop a prototype of a community-based road condition reporting system, visualized through a web-based digital map. The system allows users to directly report road conditions by providing photo evidence, descriptions, and event categories. It is also equipped with features for designing event routes such as carnivals and suggesting alternative paths based on community reports. The development process was carried out using a simulation-based approach with scenario testing that reflects real field conditions, without involving direct user data. The implementation results show that all core features work properly. The technologies used include Leaflet.js, OpenStreetMap, and the Nominatim geolocation API. This research produces an adaptive community-based GIS model that can be further developed as an intelligent navigation solution at the city scale

Phishing is one of the most common and dangerous cyber attacks as it can trick users into providing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and personal data. This study aims to simulate Phishing techniques using the Zphisher tool as an educational medium to improve cybersecurity awareness. The method used is a quasi-experimental approach involving 30 participants exposed to Phishing scenarios in a controlled environment using Kali Linux. The results show that 83% of participants clicked the Phishing link and 60% entered their credentials, while 40% demonstrated awareness by avoiding further interaction. These findings indicate that cybersecurity awareness is still relatively low, but Phishing simulation is effective as an experiential learning tool.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition characterized by enlargement of the adenoid tissue which can cause nasopharyngeal obstruction and potentially affect the function of the Eustachian tube. Dysfunction of the Eustachian tube may disrupt middle ear ventilation and increase the risk of otitis media. The degree of adenoid hypertrophy can be objectively assessed using a lateral nasopharyngeal radiograph by calculating the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio (A/N ratio). Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy based on the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio and the incidence of otitis media. Methods: This study was a quantitative research with an analytic observational design using a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with adenoid hypertrophy who underwent lateral nasopharyngeal radiographic examination at RSI Purwokerto from 2022 to 2025. The sample consisted of 31 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test because the data were not normally distributed based on the Shapiro–Wilk test. Results: The results showed that most of the subjects were male (17 subjects, 54.8%) and female (14 subjects, 45.2%). The median age of the subjects was 7 years with an age range of 4–9 years. The median adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio was 0.90 with a range of 0.68–0.99. Otitis media was found in 11 subjects (35,5%), while 20 subjects (64,5%) did not experience otitis media. The Spearman correlation test showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.015 with a p-value of 0.936 (p > 0.05), indicating that there was no significant relationship between the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio and the incidence of otitis media. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between adenoid hypertrophy based on the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio and the incidence of otitis media.

The rapid growth of e-commerce among university students has provided greater convenience in conducting digital transactions. However, it has also created various challenges, including online fraud, discrepancies between advertised and delivered products, delayed shipments, and limited understanding of consumer rights and dispute resolution mechanisms. This community service program aimed to enhance legal literacy and increase students’ awareness of consumer protection in electronic transactions, particularly within the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) of Yapis University Papua. The program employed an educational-participatory approach through counseling sessions, interactive discussions, case simulations, and participant comprehension evaluations. The materials covered consumer rights and obligations, common violations in electronic transactions, complaint procedures on e-commerce platforms, and non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ understanding of consumer protection laws, their ability to identify violations of consumer rights, and their knowledge of appropriate actions when disputes arise in online shopping transactions. Furthermore, participants showed strong engagement throughout the activities and were able to apply their knowledge effectively during case simulations. The program contributed to the development of more critical, informed, responsible, and legally aware digital consumers who are better prepared to engage safely and confidently in e-commerce activities.

The Integrated Primary Care Posyandu (ILP) program requires cadres to assume a much broader role compared to conventional Posyandu services. In the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan, ILP achievement reached only 20% in 2025, while merely 25 out of 225 cadres (11%) had received related training. This condition indicates that cadre readiness needs to be examined more comprehensively before the program can be implemented optimally. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres using a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 144 cadres selected proportionally from a population of 225 using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Spearman Rank), and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses. The results showed that among the eight variables examined, only skills (r = 0.171; p = 0.040) and resource availability (r = 0.225; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with cadre readiness. In the multivariate analysis, resource availability emerged as the most influential factor with an OR = 2.839 (95% CI: 1.311–6.149), indicating that cadres supported by adequate resources were 2.8 times more likely to demonstrate good readiness. In conclusion, resource availability was identified as the dominant factor associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres in the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan. Therefore, improving the availability of facilities and infrastructure, providing practice-based training, and strengthening operational support should become priority programs in the future.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a long-term inflammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses, which significantly impacts patients’ quality of life due to persistent and recurrent symptoms. Limited epidemiological data regarding CRS are available in Central Kalimantan, particularly at RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus in Palangka Raya, prompting this study to determine its prevalence and patient distribution characteristics. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from medical records of patients diagnosed with CRS in 2023 and 2024. Univariate analysis was conducted, and results were presented in tables and diagrams illustrating frequency distributions by year, gender, age, and main complaints. The findings showed a total of 118 CRS patients, with 53 cases in 2023 and 65 cases in 2024. The prevalence of CRS increased from 4.91% in 2023 to 10.83% in 2024. Based on gender, males accounted for 50.8% (60 patients), while females represented 49.2% (58 patients). The age group most affected was 46–55 years (31%), indicating a predominance among individuals of productive age. Nasal congestion was the most frequent primary complaint, reported by 35% of patients. The study concludes that the prevalence of CRS at RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus increased notably from 2023 to 2024, with a slightly higher incidence among males in the productive age group. These findings highlight the need for enhanced preventive measures and early diagnosis to manage CRS more effectively in the local population.

Diabetes Mellitus is a non-communicable disease with an increasing prevalence and has become a major public health concern globally and nationally. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is influenced by various individual and environmental factors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age, gender, and residential proximity to landfill areas and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Bendosari District. A quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study population consisted of 1,890 patient visit records recorded in the Management Information System of Bendosari Public Health Center in 2025. A total of 363 respondents were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed through univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. The findings showed that age was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus incidence (p=0.000; OR=79.790; 95% CI=53.511–118.974). Gender was also significantly related to diabetes mellitus incidence (p=0.000; OR=0.298; 95% CI=0.203–0.435), indicating that females had a higher risk than males. In contrast, residential proximity to landfill areas was not significantly associated with diabetes mellitus incidence (p=0.308; OR=1.247; 95% CI=0.439–3.540). Multivariate analysis revealed that age and gender were the dominant factors influencing diabetes mellitus incidence, with the model explaining 56.1% of the variation. The study concludes that age and gender are significant determinants of diabetes mellitus incidence, whereas residential proximity to landfill areas has not been proven to significantly affect its occurrence.

Tuberculosis (TBC) in children remains a serious public health problem in Indonesia, with the 0–14 age group accounting for 16.2% of total notified cases in 2024. The uneven distribution of cases across provinces is thought to be influenced by various social determinants, yet spatial studies specifically on childhood TBC at the national level remain scarce. This study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern of childhood tuberculosis cases and social determinants in Indonesia in 2024 using a spatial ecological design across 38 provinces. Analysis included descriptive statistics, thematic mapping using QGIS, Moran's I test, and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) with queen contiguity weighting matrix. Results showed a strong positive spatial autocorrelation with a Moran's I value of 0.612. High-high clusters were identified in DKI Jakarta, Central Java, Banten, and West Java, which simultaneously recorded high population density and low primary healthcare ratios. Territory-based interventions should be prioritized in these hotspot provinces.

Tuberculosis (TBC) in children remains a serious public health problem in Indonesia, with the 0–14 age group accounting for 16.2% of total notified cases in 2024. The uneven distribution of cases across provinces is thought to be influenced by various social determinants, yet spatial studies specifically on childhood TBC at the national level remain scarce. This study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern of childhood tuberculosis cases and social determinants in Indonesia in 2024 using a spatial ecological design across 38 provinces. Analysis included descriptive statistics, thematic mapping using QGIS, Moran's I test, and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) with queen contiguity weighting matrix. Results showed a strong positive spatial autocorrelation with a Moran's I value of 0.612. High-high clusters were identified in DKI Jakarta, Central Java, Banten, and West Java, which simultaneously recorded high population density and low primary healthcare ratios. Territory-based interventions should be prioritized in these hotspot provinces.

This study aims to analyze the financial management practices of the Es Degan Bu Ulfa MSME and their compliance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through interviews and observations, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively.   This study aims to analyze the financial management practices of the Es Degan Bu Ulfa MSME and their compliance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through interviews and observations, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results indicate that financial management is still carried out simply and does not yet implement written records. Business income and expenses still rely on memory, even though business owners perform daily profit and loss calculations and separate personal and business finances. The main obstacles faced include limited human resources and a low understanding of financial record keeping and the SAK EMKM. Based on the analysis, financial management practices are not fully compliant with SAK EMKM standards. Therefore, the implementation of simple financial record keeping is necessary to structure business financial information and support business decision-making. Proper financial management can help improve business performance, monitor cash flow, evaluate profitability, and enhance accountability. Furthermore, the application of SAK EMKM is expected to facilitate access to financing and strengthen the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs in an increasingly competitive business environment.

This study examines the transformation of financial management through the implementation of digital accounting in PPOB (Payment Point Online Bank) businesses, which still face manual recording problems such as input errors, delayed reconciliations, and data discrepancies. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach involving PPOB agents in Sidoarjo. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that digital accounting significantly improves operational efficiency through automated transaction recording, real-time data integration, and faster as well as more accurate reconciliation processes. In addition, features such as automatic validation, API integration, and audit trails help minimize recording errors and maintain data consistency. The implementation of digital accounting also supports transparency and improves the quality of financial information used in decision-making. Although challenges remain regarding agents’ technological understanding and infrastructure readiness, overall implementation has provided positive impacts on financial management effectiveness and business operations in PPOB services, making processes more efficient, accurate, and reliable.

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between students’ critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving abilities through a literature review approach. The study is based on the importance of mastering higher-order thinking skills in the mathematics learning process, particularly when students are faced with complex problems related to real-life situations. The method used in this research was a literature review by examining various relevant scientific journals and academic books published between 2021 and 2026. The data analysis process was carried out through stages of identification, classification, evaluation, and synthesis of the collected sources. The findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between critical thinking skills and students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities. Critical thinking skills play an important role in helping students understand problems, process and analyze information, select appropriate solution strategies, and systematically review the results obtained. Students with strong critical thinking skills generally demonstrate more optimal mathematical problem-solving abilities. In addition, the implementation of learning models such as Problem-Based Learning and contextual approaches has been considered effective in improving both abilities. Therefore, critical thinking skills are regarded as an essential aspect that needs to be developed in mathematics learning in order to enhance students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

Adolescents are a nutritionally vulnerable group at risk of double burden of malnutrition. Riskesdas 2023 data showed that the prevalence of undernutrition in adolescents aged 13–15 years in North Sumatra reached 16.8%, while overweight and obesity reached 18.3%. The habit of consuming unhealthy snacks at school is one of the main preventable risk factors through structured nutrition education. Objective: This community service program aimed to increase knowledge of balanced nutrition and healthy snack selection behavior among Grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 19 Medan. Methods: Activities were carried out through interactive lectures, demonstrations, educational games, and workshops with 64 students. Evaluation used pre-test and post-test analysis with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: There was a significant increase in nutritional knowledge in both classes (p=0.001) and healthy snack selection behavior (p=0.000). Conclusion: The Healthy Teen School program effectively improved adolescent nutrition knowledge and behavior.

A balanced diet is a daily dietary pattern that contains nutrients in types and amounts appropriate to the body's needs. Knowledge of balanced nutrition and healthy eating habits is an important factor in preventing nutritional problems among adolescents. A lack of understanding regarding appropriate food choices can lead to unhealthy eating behaviors. Therefore, nutrition education is needed to improve students’ knowledge and awareness of the importance of implementing a balanced diet in daily life. This counseling activity aimed to increase students’ knowledge regarding balanced dietary patterns. The activity was conducted on June 4, 2025, at State Junior High School 5 Kendari and involved 30 seventh-grade students as respondents. The counseling methods included lectures using PowerPoint media, an ice-breaking session in the form of the WHO six-step handwashing simulation, question-and-answer sessions, and interactive quizzes. Evaluation was carried out using pre-tests and post-tests to measure students’ knowledge levels before and after the counseling activity. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 68.40 in the pre-test to 89.67 in the post-test. The paired t-test analysis showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results. In addition, students gave positive responses to the counseling activity, stating that the material was interesting, easy to understand, and enjoyable. These findings indicate that balanced diet counseling was effective in improving students’ knowledge regarding the implementation of healthy eating habits in daily life.

The improvement of village road infrastructure plays an important role in enhancing community mobility and supporting local socioeconomic development. This study aims to analyze changes in mobility conditions before and after road improvement, explore community perceptions and experiences, identify changes in activity and economic patterns, and examine factors that support or hinder mobility optimization in Trayeman Village, Slawi District, Tegal Regency. A mixed-method approach was employed involving 98 respondents selected from a population of 5,229 residents using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error, along with 15 key informants for qualitative data collection. Data were gathered through observations, in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and Likert-scale questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data were examined using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The findings indicate that road improvement has significantly enhanced community mobility, with an overall mean score of 3.89, categorized as high. Access to services recorded the highest score (4.06), followed by economic mobility (4.00) and social mobility (3.99). Community perceptions were largely positive, viewing the improved road as a catalyst for development and improved accessibility. Road improvement also encouraged broader economic opportunities, lower transportation costs, business growth, and increased income. Supporting factors included private vehicle ownership and supportive village policies, whereas high fuel prices, limited transportation options, and uneven local road conditions remained major challenges. Further improvements in supporting infrastructure and transportation services are recommended to maximize mobility benefits.

This community service activity aims to boost the self-confidence of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Taniwel Timur, West Seram Regency, many of whom struggle with speaking in public. The activity was conducted through an arts performance as part of the University of Pattimura’s Community Service Program (KKN). The process was divided into three simple stages: preparation (meetings with the school and selecting competitions such as public speaking, poetry reading, or solo singing), implementation (students performed for 2 hours while receiving praise and positive feedback), and evaluation (observing changes such as more confident eye contact and a louder voice). As a result, the students participated actively, and their hesitation decreased significantly due to hands-on practice and support from teachers and peers. The arts performance proved to be an easy and comprehensive way to help students become more confident and sociable.

Bangka Belitung Islands Province as the largest tin producer faces legality dilemmas and criminalization of artisanal miners due to permit centralization through Law Number 3 of 2020. This study aims to analyze the impact of centralization on artisanal miners' legal access, criminalization practices under Article 158 of the Mineral and Coal Law, and the form of Bangka Artisanal Miners Alliance (ATRB) struggle demanding legal certainty. The research employs qualitative case study approach with data collection techniques through literature study and document analysis of regulations, court decisions, and media reports. Findings show centralization narrows legal access causing slow and bureaucratic process for Artisanal Mining Area (WPR) designation and Artisanal Mining Permit (IPR) issuance. Criminalization practices more frequently affect small-scale miners major actors, creating injustice perceptions and worsening socio-economic conditions of mining households. ATRB emerges as a social movement demanding legal recognition through accelerated WPR and IPR plus economic redistribution through fair tin trade governance. Non-transparent royalty management reaching Rp1.7 trillion worsens community vulnerability. This research contributes to social movement and natural resource politics studies by emphasizing the importance of participatory legalization and governance reform to reduce social conflict.

Communication within the family, especially between parents and children, is an important foundation for the development of a child's personality, emotions, and social skills. The purpose of this writing is to identify the types of parental communication styles, analyze the factors that influence them, examine their impact on child development, and provide practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of communication patterns within the family. The method used in writing this paper is a literature study. The discussion results show that there are three main types of parental communication styles: permissive, authoritarian, and democratic. The permissive style tends to give the child unlimited freedom, the authoritarian style emphasizes control and obedience, while the democratic style encourages openness and mutual respect. The choice of communication style is influenced by various factors such as educational background, culture, past experiences, and the socio-economic conditions of parents. Each communication style has a different impact on the emotional, social, and cognitive development of children. The democratic style is considered the most effective in optimally supporting child development. This article provides recommendations to parents to increase knowledge about dialogical-based parenting, practice assertive communication skills, give children space to express their opinions, and build a family culture that is open and mutually respectful.