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PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo is a company engaged in ship agency services. The ship agency service process at PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo starts from the initial arrival of the ship, loading and unloading activities, until the ship departs to the next destination port. Ship to Ship (STS) transfer is a method of transferring cargo between ships that requires careful coordination and supervision, especially in handling Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) cargo, which is volatile and high-risk. As one of the ship agency companies in the Batam waters area, PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo plays an important role in supporting the smooth process of Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG). This paper aims to comprehensively examine the Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) handling process carried out by PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo, covering the planning stage, coordination with related institutions, technical implementation, and post-transfer evaluation. The research method used is field research, observation, and library research. The research results show that the success of Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) highly depends on compliance with standard operating procedures (SOP), readiness of licensing documents, and synergy with the Port Health Office, Harbour Master, and ship operators.

Manifest is a list of cargo contents carried by a ship, which contains the type of goods, cargo number, sender's name and recipient's address at the destination port also called a bill of lading. When handling manifest documents in the shipping world, it requires the issuance of manifests as a condition for transporting goods and the obstacle is that the cargo shrinks too much during ullage so that the final result of the load causes delays in processing manifest documents. In the research paper made by the author using the field method (Field Search) and also with the research method of library study (Library Study) obtained from references from the library of the Indonesian Maritime Polytechnic Adiguna Medan (Poltek AMI) the purpose of writing this paper is to find out how to handle liquid bulk cargo manifest documents. As well as efforts made so that the handling of manifest documents runs with smoothly organized procedures at PT Seroja Jaya Agensi Kuala Tanjung. As for efforts to run smoothly when handling manifest documents, Among them shipping instructions must be sent on time by the Shipper when the ship has not docked and before the ship loads palm oil products at jetty A Multi Nabati Asahan.

This study investigates the clinical handover process as a critical component of patient safety and healthcare service quality in hospital settings. Inconsistent communication, incomplete documentation, and the absence of standardized procedures were identified as major problems contributing to communication failures and potential adverse events. The objective of this research was to develop and test a structured and effective handover model that could improve communication accuracy and documentation reliability among healthcare professionals. A mixed methods design was employed, consisting of a qualitative phase (in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis) to explore real-world handover practices, followed by a quantitative phase using a pretest–posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The study proposes an integrated handover model based on SBAR-IM (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Intervention, Monitoring) strengthened by Quality Control (QC) and Mutual Confirmation (MC) mechanisms. The findings demonstrate a significant improvement in handover quality after implementation, with communication scores increasing from 74 to 84.5 and documentation scores improving from 48.3 to 63.0 (p < 0.05). Qualitative results further revealed reduced communication errors, improved clarity of clinical information, and enhanced interprofessional collaboration. This study concludes that the proposed SBAR-IM–based QC–MC model is effective, practical, and suitable for improving patient safety and healthcare service quality in hospital environments.

Legal protection for consumers is a crucial element in the legal relationship between business actors and the public, particularly in high-risk service sectors such as gas stove repair services. In practice, many consumers still experience losses due to negligence by service providers, whether caused by inadequate technical handling or insufficient information regarding the condition of the stove after repairs. This study aims to identify and analyze the forms of legal protection available to consumers who suffer losses as a result of such negligence, as well as to determine the types of legal liability that may be imposed on gas stove repair service providers. Using a normative legal research method, this study applies both legislative and conceptual approaches. The legislative approach examines relevant laws and regulations concerning consumer protection, while the conceptual approach analyzes legal principles and expert doctrines related to liability. The findings indicate that consumer protection is provided in two forms: preventive protection, which ensures product and service safety in accordance with Indonesian National Standards (SNI), and repressive protection, which is implemented through enforcement mechanisms such as claims for compensation or dispute resolution through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) or the courts. Business actors who commit negligence in providing repair services can be held legally responsible based on the principles of negligence or strict liability. To strengthen consumer protection, the study recommends the establishment of derivative regulations concerning technician certification, standardized repair service procedures, and integrated supervision of safety compliance within the gas stove repair service industry.

The Port Clearance Certificate (PCC / SPB) is a mandatory state document issued by the Harbor Master (Syahbandar) as proof of the ship's seaworthiness and the fulfillment of all administrative obligations before leaving the port. In the clearance process for foreign-flagged vessels, the role of the shipping agent is crucial as the representative of the ship owner to coordinate all required permits and documents with various related government agencies (Harbor Master's Office/KSOP, Customs, Quarantine, and Immigration). PT. Dalian Putra Maritim Belawan Branch utilizes an integrated digital system (Inapornet) to manage ship agency services for both incoming and outgoing vessels. This study aims to comprehensively analyze and describe the role and effectiveness of the ship agent, PT. Dalian Putra Maritim Belawan Branch, in expediting the process of issuing the Port Clearance for foreign ships at the Harbor Master and Port Authority Office (KSOP) in Belawan. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive method supported by: 1) Library Research to collect theoretical data and regulations; and 2) Field Research, which involves direct observation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and the collection of accurate data within the Belawan Port environment. The research results indicate that the ship agent plays a central and vital role in the entire Port Clearance issuance process. The success of issuing the Port Clearance is heavily dependent on the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of the coordination carried out by the agent, ensuring that the vessel meets all safety, security, and maritime environmental protection requirements before being permitted to sail.

This literature study evaluates the accuracy of the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) method for coal mine slope stability in Indonesia through a systematic descriptive synthesis of 25 empirical studies from 2020 to 2025. The objectives of the study were to identify the level of SMR prediction accuracy, factors affecting the method's performance, and modifications required for local Indonesian conditions. The research method involved a systematic search with inclusion criteria for empirical studies reporting SMR and/or Safety Factor (SF) values ​​for coal mines and associated slopes in Indonesia. Quantitative analysis showed a range of reported SMR values ​​between 41 and 96 with a median of 72, while SF values ​​ranged from 1.137 to 4.09 for normal operational conditions. The synthesis results indicated that SMR provides a consistent stability classification for initial slope design and failure mode identification (planar, wedge, toppling), with historical validation showing a correlation of up to 91.23% between SMR-based hazard zoning and actual field events in some cases. Key limitations include dependence on discontinuity data quality, sensitivity to groundwater conditions and tropical weathering, and variation in the interpretation of adjustment factors F1-F4. Modifications such as NAAF23 and integration with numerical modeling have been shown to improve prediction reliability. It is recommended that coal mining practitioners combine SMR with kinematic analysis and limit equilibrium modeling as standard operating procedures, and develop adjustment factors specific to Indonesian geological conditions. Further research should focus on standardizing parameter reporting and cross-site quantitative validation to enable more robust statistical meta-analyses.  

Balance disorders are among the most common functional problems experienced by older adults and significantly increase the risk of falls, disability, and reduced quality of life. Early screening and health promotion efforts are essential in preventing these complications. This community service program aimed to introduce and implement the Fukuda Stepping Test as a simple, low-cost, and effective method for promotive and preventive assessment of balance impairment among elderly individuals in the community. The activity involved health education on balance maintenance, demonstration of the test procedure, and direct assessment of participants, followed by individualized feedback and recommendations for balance exercises. The results showed that the Fukuda Stepping Test was well-received, easy to perform, and successfully identified elderly individuals with potential vestibular asymmetry or dynamic balance deficits. Furthermore, the program increased participants’ awareness regarding fall prevention and encouraged adoption of regular balance training. This initiative highlights the importance of accessible physiotherapy-based screening tools in community settings and underscores the role of physiotherapists in promoting healthy aging and reducing fall risk among older adults.

The reform of criminal investigation procedures has become a crucial aspect of Indonesia’s criminal justice system renewal, particularly following the enactment of the new Criminal Code, which introduces significant shifts regarding the rights of suspects, investigative authority, and the implementation of due process of law. In an era of rapid digital development, investigative practices must also incorporate the principles of good governance and human rights protection to ensure that state authority is exercised proportionally. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the principles of good governance in modern investigative processes, assess the adequacy of due process guarantees under the current Code of Criminal Procedureand the new Criminal Code, and identify practical challenges in application. Using a normative legal research method through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study finds that criminal investigations in Indonesia continue to face issues such as normative inconsistency, regulatory disharmony, and weak accountability mechanisms. The integration of the principles of good governance has the potential to strengthen the quality and fairness of investigations, yet requires clearer normative foundations and consistent implementation. Moreover, the new Criminal Code does not fully resolve harmonization issues with Code of Criminal Procedure, making procedural reform an urgent necessity. The findings contribute to the enhancement of suspect protection, professionalism among investigators, and the overall improvement of Indonesia’s criminal justice system.

This study examines the solidity of the National Mandate Party (PAN) in Merangin Regency during the 2024 Simultaneous Local Elections, which unfolded amid notable political dynamics and differing preferences between the party’s central and regional structures. Party solidity is analyzed using Firman Noor’s theory of party solidity, focusing on procedural leadership represented by two key indicators: decision-making mechanisms and the role of charismatic leadership. The study aims to understand how these indicators influence PAN Merangin’s organizational stability throughout the process of determining political support. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentation, and media reports, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that although PAN Merangin formally implemented decision-making procedures according to the party’s statutes (AD/ART), the practice remained dominated by top-down communication from the central board (DPP), limiting regional participation in strategic political decisions. Meanwhile, the charismatic leadership of the PAN Merangin Chairman played a crucial role in maintaining organizational cohesion, reducing internal tensions, and ensuring cadre loyalty to central decisions. These results suggest the need to strengthen two-way structural communication and enhance the capacity of local party leaders to reinforce party solidity in future political contests.

The position of judges in the process of proving civil cases occupies a fundamental role in upholding justice and legal certainty within the Indonesian judicial system. This study aims to examine the judge’s position, duties, and authority in the evidentiary process of civil cases through a literature review focusing on doctrines and jurisprudence. Using a normative juridical method with a library research approach, this paper analyzes legal theories, statutory provisions, and judicial precedents that regulate evidentiary procedures in civil law. The findings show that a judge is not merely a passive law enforcer but an active truth-seeker who must interpret and assess evidence based on principles of fairness, propriety, and moral values. The judge’s discretion in evaluating evidence reflects the responsibility to harmonize formal legal norms with the pursuit of substantive justice. Jurisprudence demonstrates that judges play an essential role in shaping evidentiary standards and ensuring that court decisions reflect the ideals of justice and legal certainty. The study concludes that the authority and independence of judges are crucial in realizing a fair trial, as they ensure that decisions are based on verified facts, logical reasoning, and moral responsibility. Strengthening the professionalism and integrity of judges is necessary to guarantee that the evidentiary process in civil proceedings fulfills the principles of equality before the law and promotes justice in society. 

Internal control plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability of financial reporting and the effectiveness of a company’s operations. One account that requires special attention is prepaid expenses, as its recognition and amortization may lead to misstatements if not properly executed. This study aims to analyze the implementation of internal control over prepaid expense accounts from the perspective of external auditors at Public Accounting Firm XYZ. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through semi-structured interviews with auditors and examination of supporting documents related to the internal control system. The results indicate that internal control has been implemented through payment authorization procedures, verification of supporting documents, and testing of amortization allocations. However, weaknesses remain, including limited staff understanding of expense allocation policies and inadequate segregation of duties, which increase the risk of material misstatement. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing staff competence, establishing consistent amortization policies, and utilizing technology-based accounting systems to strengthen the effectiveness of internal controls and the reliability of financial reporting.

This study examines the challenges encountered by auditors in evaluating the fairness of notes payable and equity accounts as part of the financial statement audit process. These accounts carry a high risk of misstatement when recognition, measurement, or disclosure does not align with applicable standards. The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth overview of the procedures, techniques, and professional judgments applied by auditors in assessing the fairness of both accounts, including issues related to misclassification, incomplete audit evidence, and limited responses from third-party confirmations. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review of relevant academic publications. The findings indicate that auditors frequently face obstacles such as the mixing of accrued interest with the principal amount, low confirmation response rates, and inadequate supporting documentation. These challenges require auditors to perform alternative procedures and strengthen substantive testing to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence. The implications of this study highlight the need for consistent application of auditing standards, comprehensive documentation, and effective communication with clients to ensure financial statements present a true and fair view.

The Field Work Practice (PKN) carried out at PT MK Prima Indonesia focused on the implementation of periodic maintenance practices for the premoulding hydraulic press machine as an effort to maintain machine performance and operational lifespan. The main activities included identifying critical components such as the hydraulic system, valves, pressure hoses, and oil filters; conducting direct observation of common disruptions; and performing daily maintenance checklists that covered pressure monitoring, operating temperature, leakage detection, machine cleanliness, and lubrication conditions. Comprehensive cleaning procedures, condition-based filter replacement, and functional testing were also conducted to ensure reliability and safety in the production process. The implementation methods involved participatory observation, interviews with technicians regarding common failure patterns, visual and functional inspections, as well as the use of structured checklists supported by inspection documentation. The results indicate a significant decrease in the frequency of disturbances caused by leaks and oil contamination, improved compliance with routine inspection procedures, and enhanced machine readiness during operations. The introduction of structured documentation and simple technical training further improved technicians’ ability to detect early signs of abnormalities in the hydraulic system. As a recommendation, the company is advised to strengthen the use of digital recording systems, adjust filter replacement intervals based on actual machine conditions, and implement regular training programs focusing on contamination control and predictive maintenance.

his community service activity was carried out in Sukajaya Village, Pulau Besar District, Bangka Selatan Regency on August 15, 2025, aiming to enhance the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to level up through strengthening business legality and marketing strategies. The main problems faced by local MSMEs are the lack of understanding regarding the importance of Business Identification Numbers (NIB), limited awareness of trademark protection, and insufficient knowledge of modern marketing strategies. The activity was implemented using a participatory approach through counseling, group discussions, and hands-on practices, including NIB registration, introduction to trademark protection procedures, and digital marketing training. The results show an increased understanding and awareness among MSME actors regarding the importance of business legality for accessing financing and cooperation, better legal awareness of trademark protection as a product identity, and basic skills in utilizing social media and digital platforms as marketing tools. These outcomes demonstrate that the activity significantly contributes to strengthening MSME capacity in Sukajaya Village to become more competitive and contribute to local economic development.

The quality of service at community health centers is still often complained about by the public. Several studies show that the quality of health services at community health centers is closely related to the availability of quality health workers. The aim of the research is to determine various health human resource problems that arise in community health centers which can affect the quality of community health center services, and efforts to overcome various problems related to Human Resources management so that the quality of services at community health centers can be improved. The approach used is a descriptive analysis method. Data obtained from various literature is processed and analyzed qualitatively according to the problems and objectives that have been set. The results obtained show that there are Human Resource problems at the community health center which affect the quality of service, namely the lack of integration of the planning system and procedures for the distribution of health workers; lack of capacity of Human Resources planning units at all levels in the distribution of health workers; lack of good communication so that there are differences in understanding, information and knowledge about the distribution of health workers between planning units and health service providers; lack of support from regional government, planning that is not integrated at various levels of administration in regional government as well as lack of implementation and budgeting of training for health workers at community health centers

The Field Work Practice (PKN) carried out at PT MK Prima Indonesia focused on the implementation of periodic maintenance practices for the premoulding hydraulic press machine as an effort to maintain machine performance and operational lifespan. The main activities included identifying critical components such as the hydraulic system, valves, pressure hoses, and oil filters; conducting direct observation of common disruptions; and performing daily maintenance checklists that covered pressure monitoring, operating temperature, leakage detection, machine cleanliness, and lubrication conditions. Comprehensive cleaning procedures, condition-based filter replacement, and functional testing were also conducted to ensure reliability and safety in the production process. The implementation methods involved participatory observation, interviews with technicians regarding common failure patterns, visual and functional inspections, as well as the use of structured checklists supported by inspection documentation. The results indicate a significant decrease in the frequency of disturbances caused by leaks and oil contamination, improved compliance with routine inspection procedures, and enhanced machine readiness during operations. The introduction of structured documentation and simple technical training further improved technicians’ ability to detect early signs of abnormalities in the hydraulic system. As a recommendation, the company is advised to strengthen the use of digital recording systems, adjust filter replacement intervals based on actual machine conditions, and implement regular training programs focusing on contamination control and predictive maintenance.

Accreditation is the recognition of the quality of hospital services after an assessment has been conducted to determine whether the hospital has met accreditation standards approved by the government. Every note in the medical record must clearly identify the professional care provider (PPA), including the full name and signature, as well as the date and time of writing. The purpose of this study was to determine how the PPA's identity is filled in in medical records based on accreditation standards at Haji General Hospital, Medan. The research method used was qualitative research, with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews and observation. Six informants participated, including doctors, nurses, and medical records officers. The results showed that despite the existence of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for filling in the PPA's identity, incomplete medical records were still found, such as only including a signature without a clear name and an omitted date and time. Incomplete files were returned to the relevant unit for correction. The main obstacle faced was the PPA's limited working time to complete the medical record files. In conclusion, the PPA's identity is not fully compliant with existing SOPs. Therefore, regular monitoring and evaluation, along with training for all PPAs, are needed to ensure optimal completeness of medical record documentation.

This study explores the implementation of an electronic Human Resource Management System (e-SDM) in the Gubeng sub-district of Surabaya to optimize civil servant (PNS) leave management. The primary focus is on assessing how digitalization improves efficiency, transparency, accountability, and service quality in human resource administration, particularly in leave processing. Traditionally, manual procedures required 7-14 days to approve leave requests, involved multiple steps, manual calculations, and were prone to errors, delays, and lack of transparency. The introduction of the e-SDM system significantly reduces processing time to approximately one day, enabling online submission, real-time monitoring, and electronic approval accessible anytime and anywhere via smartphones. The system automatically calculates leaves balances and prevents over-application, ensuring data accuracy and reducing misuse. Besides operational efficiency, the system enhances transparency by providing accessible real-time status updates, creating an audit trail for each decision, and making the process auditable and accountable. Despite these advantages, challenges such as user resistance, digital literacy, infrastructure issues, and system integration remain. This research employs descriptive-analytical methods, combining interviews, observations, and documentation, to analyze the effectiveness of e-SDM implementation. The findings indicate that digitalization has streamlined leave management, minimized administrative burdens, and improved data accuracy. Moreover, it fosters a fairer and more transparent work environment, reinforcing good governance principles and supporting Surabaya's vision to become a smart city. The research underscores the importance of technological adaptation within bureaucratic reforms and offers strategic recommendations for further system improvements. Overall, the successful adoption of e-SDM in Gubeng serves as a model for digital transformation in public service delivery, contributing to more efficient, transparent, and accountable governance in local government institutions.

This study aims to describe how the use of Islamic banking services contributes to enhancing shariah financial inclusion among students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving eight student informants from various faculties selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observations, and documentation during May-July 2025. Data analysis followed the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing in an interactive manner. The findings indicate that most students understand the basic principles of Islamic finance (prohibition of riba, profit-sharing, clarity of contracts, and transparency), although financial literacy is not evenly distributed. Experiences in using Islamic banking services were generally positive, with account opening procedures and contractual clarity being well appreciated.

This study aims to analyze how the government policy of Mojokerto City is implemented to support the empowerment of shoe SMEs and to identify the factors influencing the success or failure of the policy. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. Data was collected from shoe SMEs, relevant government officials, and supporting institutions. Data analysis was conducted using Edwards III's public policy implementation theory, which includes four indicators: communication, bureaucratic structure, resources, and implementer disposition. The findings of this study show that although the policy for empowering shoe SMEs has had a positive impact in several areas, such as improving product quality and marketing awareness, there are still barriers in terms of inter-institutional coordination, access to funding, and human resource quality. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the shoe SME empowerment policy in Mojokerto City can succeed with improvements in more effective communication, better coordination between institutions, and strengthening the resources needed by SMEs. Recommendations for the local government include simplifying administrative procedures, increasing access to funding, and enhancing entrepreneurship training relevant to the needs of shoe SMEs. Therefore, this policy is expected to have a greater impact on competitiveness and the local economy.