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This study aims to analyze cash management practices in Batik MSMEs in Cirebon Regency using a qualitative approach that combines direct observation and in-depth interviews with business owners. The study found that most Batik MSMEs still rely on manual cash management systems, which ultimately poses various challenges, particularly in terms of unstructured financial recording and minimal cash flow planning. This condition makes it difficult to communicate receipts and expenditures in real time, potentially leading to errors in fund management and disrupting business financial stability. Furthermore, the study revealed variations in cash receipt recording methods, such as daily or weekly recording, which are inconsistent across MSMEs. This impacts transparency and effective financial control. The lack of thorough cash flow planning also makes it difficult for business owners to deal with insufficient liquidity, especially when there is a surge in sales or sudden needs. As a result, some MSMEs experience problems meeting their payment obligations on time, including to suppliers and employees. The findings of this study highlight the importance of financial literacy education for Batik MSMEs so they can understand the basic concepts of cash management well. Furthermore, the use of digital technology, such as simple financial recording applications, is highly recommended to improve efficiency and accuracy in cash flow management. This technology implementation is expected to assist MSMEs in making more informed financial decisions and supporting the long-term sustainability of their businesses. Therefore, this study provides strategic recommendations for local governments and MSME support institutions to provide adequate training and technological facilities to strengthen financial management capacity in the batik MSME sector in Cirebon Regency.

This study aims to describe the understanding of high school students in solving high, medium, and low category HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) problems and to explore the students' responses in solving problems related to the material of SPLTV (System of Linear Equations with Three Variables). This research is qualitative in nature, using a descriptive method. The subject selection technique used purposive sampling, involving three students from class X IPA/IPS SMAIT Nurul Fajri, with a total of 19 students. The data collection techniques included written tests on mathematical concept understanding using HOTS, interviews, and documentation. Based on the research results, it was found that the students' understanding of mathematical concepts in solving HOTS problems varied. The subject NF-17, with high ability, was able to answer well, including restating the concepts studied in problems 1, 2, and 4, classifying objects based on concepts, applying concepts algorithmically, relating various mathematical concepts internally or externally, providing examples or counterexamples, and presenting concepts in various representations in problems 1, 3, and 4. The subject NF-18, with medium ability, showed more limited results. Although able to restate concepts in problem 4, this subject could only classify objects based on concepts and apply concepts algorithmically in problems 1 and 4. This subject could only provide examples or counterexamples in problem 1. The subject NF-10, with low ability, was only able to restate concepts studied in problem 1 and did not show more in-depth understanding in other problems. These findings indicate variations in students' understanding of mathematical concepts in the SPLTV material.

Happiness is the ultimate goal of every human aspiration. To achieve it to the fullest, humans strive to utilize all their potential. However, in practice, conflicts often arise between personal interests and the interests of others. The desire to realize all dreams becomes problematic when carried out without regard for moral values, especially in a household life built through the sacred bond of marriage. Many married couples fail to create domestic happiness due to uncontrolled ambition. This ambition, when not balanced with ethics and morals, has the potential to cause domestic conflict that results in the neglect of children's education in the family. A current widespread phenomenon shows that married couples spend more time outside the home for work reasons. This opens up opportunities for promiscuity in public spaces and reduces attention to family. If this phenomenon continues, serious problems in the family will become increasingly apparent. The rights and obligations of husband and wife are neglected, affection for children is diminished, and ultimately children feel more comfortable seeking environments outside the home. This condition becomes the entry point for negative speculation from society about married couples who are considered negligent in their household obligations. This research is expected to provide a significant contribution to understanding how families should function optimally. By placing religion as a foundation and making ethics and morals the foundation of social interactions, families can return to their true nature as the birthplace of quality generations with character, ethics, and spiritual values.  

This study aims to describe students' critical thinking skills in solving social arithmetic problems based on the Polya stages and FRISCO indicators. The research subjects consisted of three students in grade VIII R-5 MTs Nurul Jadid who were purposively selected to represent the high, medium, and low ability categories out of a total of 21 students. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach with instruments in the form of two social arithmetic description questions and semi-structured interview guidelines. Data analysis was carried out by referring to the four stages of problem solving according to Polya (understanding the problem, planning the solution, executing the plan, and re-examination) as well as the six FRISCO critical thinking indicators (Focus, Reason, Inference, Situation, Clarity, Overview). The results of the study showed that students with high abilities were able to solve problems systematically through all stages of Polya and met almost all FRISCO indicators, especially in the aspects of Focus, Reason, and Clarity. Students with moderate ability show sufficient understanding but are inconsistent in planning and implementing solutions, and experience difficulties in the Reason, Situation, and Overview indicators. Students with low abilities experience obstacles from the early stages of understanding problems and do not show significant indicators of critical thinking. These findings indicate that the Polya stage and the FRISCO indicator can be used in a complementary manner to identify and analyze students' critical thinking skills in solving contextual math problems. The implication of this study is the need for a learning strategy that emphasizes strengthening the stages of problem solving and developing explicit critical thinking indicators in the mathematics learning process. This research also opens up opportunities for the development of more structured diagnostic instruments in measuring students' individual critical thinking skills.

Drug abuse among adolescents is a serious problem that requires a comprehensive prevention strategy. One key element in this effort is family education, which plays a frontline role in protecting adolescents from the negative influence of drugs. Through consistent education, supervision, and emotional support, families can build a foundation for positive behavior and mental resilience in adolescents. Effective family education includes open communication between parents and children, teaching moral and religious values, and creating a safe, harmonious, and warm home environment. Healthy communication allows adolescents to feel comfortable discussing problems or pressures they face, thereby minimizing the risk of falling into drug abuse. In addition to the role of the family, psychological approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) have proven effective in strengthening adolescents' resilience to social pressures and the temptation of drugs. CBT focuses on helping individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns and risky behaviors that trigger abuse. With CBT techniques, adolescents can learn stress management skills, improve decision-making skills, and develop healthier, adaptive behaviors. The integration of family education and CBT therapy results in a more holistic prevention approach. Families provide a foundation of morals, values, and emotional support, while CBT strengthens adolescents' psychological abilities to face life's challenges. This synergy can increase resilience, reduce vulnerability to negative influences, and equip adolescents with effective strategies for resisting drugs. By optimizing the role of the family and combining it with psychological interventions, it is hoped that a healthy, productive young generation will emerge, free from the threat of drugs, enabling them to contribute positively to society and the future of the nation.

The purpose of this community service is to provide assistance to MSMEs producing traditional cakes and tampah craftsmen in Karijawa Village, Dompu District, Dompu Regency. The assistance provided includes flavor innovations in traditional Dompu cakes and innovations in bamboo crafts other than tampah. These innovations aim to increase the competitiveness of local products in the wider market. This assistance also focuses on improving the quality of product packaging, considering that the still minimal packaging quality is one of the obstacles faced by partners. As part of this community service, we hope to provide solutions to the problems faced by MSME partners related to unattractive products and less than optimal packaging quality. The method used in this activity includes three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The planning stage is carried out by identifying the problems faced by partners and selecting appropriate solutions. In the implementation stage, the selected solutions are implemented by providing training and direct assistance related to flavor innovations in traditional biruas beras cakes and bamboo woven product designs. The evaluation stage aims to assess the extent to which the implemented solutions have been effective and have a positive impact on MSME partners. The results of this community service activity indicate that MSME partners now have products with new flavors for their rice bran and a wider variety of woven bamboo products, in addition to winnowing baskets. Furthermore, product packaging has undergone significant improvements, increasing product appeal and meeting higher market standards.

In the customary law system, there is a pattern of punishment and prosecution which is more or less similar to the Islamic legal system, where the role of the victim's family is very important in determining whether or not the perpetrator will be prosecuted and punished. In customary law, legal settlements are carried out with an emphasis on togetherness or harmony. Settlement of criminal cases, especially bullying through customary law, is a process of resolving cases outside of court which consists of first, a mediation system with a consensus approach through deliberation. Second, the restorative justice system is a case resolution system with the aim of restoring the situation that arose for the victim so that a sense of brotherhood between each party is re-established. This system produces an agreement that is a win-win solution, guarantees the confidentiality of the parties' disputes, avoids delays caused by procedural and administrative matters, and resolves problems comprehensively together and while maintaining good relations. Thus, these customary sanctions do not provide legal protection and fulfillment of children's rights for children who are victims of sexual violence. In sexual crimes against children, children are positioned as victims who experience detrimental impacts, namely physical and psychological harm. Therefore, it is mandatory to be protected, not judged.

PT. Soemo Adjie Persada is a company engaged in housing development and is dealing with serious problems in warehouse material management. The manual and unstructured material recording system causes various obstacles, such as data discrepancies, input errors, and stockouts that hamper the smooth running of the project. This study aims to analyze and implement the Kanban system as a more efficient and accurate material management solution. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observations, and documentation methods. The findings show that the Kanban system, which is based on the principle of workflow visualization and a pull system mechanism, can improve the efficiency of recording and distributing materials between project units. The implementation of Kanban helps reduce data input errors, prevent material loss, and accelerate the decision-making process in the warehouse. Although challenges such as damaged Kanban cards and difficulty adapting among users were encountered in the initial implementation stage, these obstacles can be overcome through proper training and regular evaluation of the system. Thus, the implementation of the Kanban system has proven to be an effective strategy in improving the efficiency of material management in construction projects. This system not only streamlines warehouse operations but also improves control over material availability, thereby supporting the smooth running of the overall construction process. PT. Soemo Adjie Persada is a company engaged in housing development and is dealing with serious problems in warehouse material management. The manual and unstructured material recording system causes various obstacles, such as data discrepancies, input errors, and stockouts that hinder project progress. This study aims to analyze and implement the Kanban system as a more efficient and accurate material management solution. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observation, and documentation.

Pogalan Village in Pakis District, Central Java, is known as a horticultural agricultural center, with abundant vegetable production every year. However, behind this potential, this village faces a serious problem in the form of large amounts of organic waste generated from harvest residue and agricultural processing. Waste that is not managed properly has the potential to cause environmental pollution, reduce the village's aesthetics, and become a source of disease spread. To address these problems, the Tidar University Community Service Program (KKN-50) Team conducted a socialization activity for Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation as an environmentally friendly and economically valuable organic waste management solution. BSF maggots have been proven to decompose organic waste by up to 60% in a short time and produce useful by-products, such as dried maggots as high-protein animal feed and kasgot (used maggots) that can be used as organic fertilizer. The activity was held on July 31, 2025, at the Pogalan Village Hall, with the main participants being PKK mothers as agents of change at the household and community levels. The implementation method included initial observation of the village's potential and problems, creation of a maggot cultivation prototype, theoretical material outreach, and live demonstrations of the cultivation process. The material provided covered the BSF life cycle, cultivation techniques, selection of growing media, maggot population management, and utilization of cultivation products. The results of the activity showed high enthusiasm from participants, as reflected in the many questions and discussions during the training session, as well as their increased understanding of the benefits and techniques of maggot cultivation.

Mental disorders are health problems that affect individuals, families, and communities, where the negative stigma given by families to members with mental disorders can influence the acceptance and support they receive. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family stigma and family acceptance toward people with mental disorders (PWMD) in the working area of Ladang Tuha Public Health Center, Pasie Raja Subdistrict, South Aceh. The research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 65 families selected using the total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) questionnaire and a family acceptance questionnaire, analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents had low stigma (67.7%) and poor acceptance (61.5%), with a p-value = 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between family stigma and family acceptance toward PWMD. The study concluded that the lower the family stigma, the better the acceptance toward PWMD; thus, educational efforts and family empowerment are needed to reduce stigma and improve acceptance.

Ridan Permai Village, within the Bangkinang City Community Health Center (Puskesmas) jurisdiction in Kampar Regency, faces a serious problem related to adolescents' lack of access to health information and services, particularly regarding reproductive health. Survey results revealed that adolescents rarely receive regular health education or checkups, even though they are a vulnerable group to various health problems and behavioral disorders due to their identity-searching phase. The lack of reproductive health education in schools and the community also exacerbates this situation, leading adolescents to tend to obtain information from invalid or incorrect sources. Through the Community Service (PKM) program, a team of lecturers and students conducted a series of activities at SMPN 1 Padang to increase adolescents' knowledge and awareness of reproductive health. Three main approaches were used: direct education, outreach through interactive discussions, and distribution of leaflets as a continuous information medium. In addition, a question-and-answer session provided a space for students to openly share their questions and experiences without embarrassment. This approach was designed to create a participatory, educational atmosphere. These activities aimed not only to increase adolescents' knowledge but also to empower them to prevent the risk of health problems and behavioral disorders. The expected outcome of this activity is increased understanding of reproductive health among adolescents, as well as the formation of collective awareness for maintaining health and positive behaviors among adolescents. Sustainability of the program is also being pursued by involving teachers and school officials as partners in health education. This activity is also expected to serve as an educational model that can be replicated in other schools in Kampar Regency.

This research was motivated by public hesitation to invest in digital gold through the Dana app, which refers to Fatwa No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 concerning non-cash gold buying and selling. This fatwa serves as a guideline for Muslims investing in gold. Furthermore, the author has not found any licensing from the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) for the Dana app. Furthermore, several students at Batang Hari Islamic University (UNI) have the Dana app and use it to invest in gold. They were seen buying gold on a certain day and reselling it the next day. The added value from the sale was a profit for the students, but there was also a loss for students who exchanged their gold purchases when the price of gold fell. Furthermore, this research is designed in the form of field research (Empirical Jurisprudence), which is a type of sociological legal research and can be described as field research, which examines applicable legal provisions and what has occurred in community life. Using observation, interview, and documentation techniques, data analysis and triangulation are then carried out. The conclusion that can be drawn from the previous description is that the Digital Gold Investment Practice on the Dana Application at Batang Hari Islamic University in its mechanism on the Gold Fund feature is carried out non-cash where the certainty of the object, namely gold, is only in the form of savings balances in the form of rupiah and digital gold weight with no physical gold ownership if the gold savings have not reached 1 gram. In gold investment transactions on the Dana application, the results show that smaller profits are obtained by buyers due to certain problems related to the buyers themselves. The Digital Gold Investment Practice on the Dana application in the Islamic Law Perspective at Batang Hari Islamic University, by juxtaposing several related fatwas, in practice in Islamic law, the investment practice in the Gold Fund feature is considered to contain gharar related to gold objects that have no physical clarity.

This study aims to: (1) produce e-LKPD based on problem-based learning oriented to mathematical problem-solving ability and self-confidence of high school students on the material of equations and quadratic functions and (2) describe the feasibility of PBL-based e-LKPD oriented to mathematical problem- solving ability and self-confidence of high school students on the material of equations and quadratic functions seen from the aspects of validity,  practicality, and effectiveness. This type of research is research and development using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Malinau with the research subject of class X-3 students totaling 35 students. Data collection was carried out using interview techniques, observation, e-LKPD validation sheets, pretest-posttest, and questionnaires. To determine the validity, the e-LKPD assessment sheet of material and media experts was used, practicality used student and teacher response questionnaires, and effectiveness used mathematics problem solving ability test questions and student self-confidence questionnaires. Data analysis consisted of qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis was conducted by analyzing the results of interviews, observations, and comments or suggestions given to make improvements to the e-LKPD products developed. Quantitative data analysis was conducted by converting quantitative data into qualitative data in the form of certain categories, normality test using shapiro-wilk, t-test with paired samples test, and N-Gain score. The results showed: (1) PBL-based e-LKPDs oriented towards mathematical problem solving skills and self-confidence of high school students on the material of quadratic equations and functions have been produced, (2) PBL-based e-LKPDs developed meet product feasibility, namely valid with excellent categories based on material and media experts; practical with very practical categories based on teacher responses and practical based on student responses; effective on math problem solving skills with classical completeness of 77%, the t-test results obtained a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 which means that there is a difference in the average ability to solve mathematical problems before and after learning using e-LKPD, the N-Gain result is 0.65 with moderate criteria, and effective on student self-confidence with an increase in the average score of each indicator before and after learning,  the N-Gain result is 0.49 with moderate criteria, and the t-test results with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.

Breech presentation is a condition in which the fetus is in an elongated position with the head at the uterine fundus and the buttocks in the lower part of the uterine cavity. This condition can increase the risk of labor complications, especially if accompanied by serotinus (post-term pregnancy). Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2021), the maternal mortality rate caused by breech presentation and serotinus in Indonesia was recorded at 1,309 cases. In Central Java, the incidence of breech presentation reached 11.5% (Central Java Health Office, 2021). This study aims to determine the implementation of comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. D, aged 24 years, with breech presentation and serotinus at Mrs. S's PMB in the Kaliwadas Community Health Center area in 2023. The research method used a qualitative descriptive design with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, physical examinations, documentation studies, and medical record searches. The results of midwifery care showed that during pregnancy, Mrs. D had a good quality of life. Mrs. D underwent three antenatal care (ANC) visits, during which signs of pregnancy complications suggestive of serotinus were detected. Delivery was performed via cesarean section due to serotinus and breech presentation. During the neonatal period, three visits were conducted, with the baby's examination results within normal limits. During the postpartum period, four visits were conducted, during which the mother's condition was generally good, but at the third postpartum visit, problems with breastfeeding were discovered. Mrs. D was also known not to be using postpartum contraception. The results of this study emphasize the importance of early detection and appropriate management of breech presentation and serotinus pregnancies to prevent complications that endanger the mother and baby. Comprehensive midwifery care covering pregnancy, labor, postpartum, and newborn care is an integral effort to ensure the safety of mothers and babies.  

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology increasingly used in the modern construction industry, particularly to improve communication efficiency and collaboration between stakeholders. This technology enables the integration of project data and information into a comprehensive digital model, allowing all involved parties to access, verify, and update information in real time. This study aims to evaluate the strategic role of BIM as a communication medium in the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) approach, focusing on the planning stage involving the disciplines of architecture, structure, and Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) systems. The IPD approach emphasizes cross-disciplinary collaboration from the early stages of a project to optimize outcomes, reduce risks, and accelerate completion. The research methods used are literature review and case study analysis of various projects that have implemented BIM within the IPD framework. The data analyzed include the effectiveness of information exchange, inter-team coordination, and early identification of design conflicts. The study results show that BIM significantly improves information transparency among stakeholders, minimizes the risk of miscommunication, and accelerates the decision-making process through accurate and integrated data visualization. BIM models also facilitate the detection of potential conflicts, such as clashes between structural and MEP elements, before entering the physical construction phase, thereby reducing repair costs and delays. Furthermore, the use of BIM in IPD fosters a more collaborative work culture, where architects, engineers, and contractors can work together to solve problems quickly and effectively. Thus, BIM has proven to play a crucial role as a primary communication tool in IPD implementation, while also serving as a crucial foundation for achieving efficient, integrated, and high-quality construction project management.

This research is motivated by the importance of implementing sustainable tourism management principles in the management of Citumang Nature Tourism, Bojong Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency. This management not only emphasizes the utilization of economic value, but must also pay attention to the preservation of the natural environment, socio-cultural values and aspects, and the active involvement of the local community. This aims to ensure that the benefits of Citumang's existence can be felt by all levels of society. The purpose of this study is to determine the form and effectiveness of collaboration between the village government, stakeholders, and the community in managing this nature tourism. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through literature studies and field studies. Data analysis is carried out in three stages, namely data collection, data reduction, and data presentation. The results of the study indicate that the collaboration between the village government, stakeholders, and the community still faces several obstacles. Problems identified include the lack of official licenses or professional guide certificates for tour guides, an unclear organizational structure resulting in weak coordination between the village government and tour guide groups, limited proactive leadership, which reduces community motivation and participation in tourism development, low community involvement in the planning and implementation of tourism activities, and a lack of effective promotion to attract visitors. These conditions have resulted in the suboptimal development of Citumang's tourism potential as a leading regional destination. This study recommends the establishment of a clear organizational structure, increased human resource capacity through guide training and certification, strengthening the role of visionary and inclusive leadership, increasing community participation in all stages of tourism management, and implementing creative and targeted promotional strategies. This will enable Citumang's nature tourism management to be more effective, sustainable, and provide optimal benefits for all stakeholders.

The fisheries sector plays a strategic role in Indonesia's national economic development due to its significant contribution to meeting food needs, creating jobs, and earning foreign exchange. However, this sector still faces various serious challenges, such as Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing practices, excessive exploitation of marine resources, degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and weak compliance with applicable legal provisions. These problems not only impact the sustainability of fisheries resources but also threaten the economic sustainability of coastal communities. This study aims to analyze the government's role in overseeing the fisheries sector in Indonesia, which includes regulatory and institutional aspects, and the implementation of supervision in the field. The research method used is a normative juridical approach through a review of relevant laws and regulations, including Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries as amended by Law Number 45 of 2009, and other derivative regulations. The analysis also considers the role of supervisory institutions such as the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), and law enforcement officials in preventing and prosecuting violations in this sector. The research findings indicate that the government plays a strategic role in establishing policies, establishing oversight institutions, providing monitoring facilities and infrastructure, and taking legal action against violators. However, oversight effectiveness is still suboptimal due to limited human resources, monitoring technology, inter-agency coordination, and low legal awareness among fisheries business actors. Therefore, strengthening an integrated oversight system, increasing the capacity of officials, utilizing information and satellite technology, and consistent law enforcement are necessary. These steps are expected to ensure sustainable management of Indonesia's fisheries sector, protect marine resources, and support national economic growth.

This research aims to design and build a web-based syar'i clothing inventory information system at Umama Gallery Yogyakarta. The background of this research is based on the problem of inventory management which has been done manually, which often causes obstacles such as delays in stock information, potential recording errors, wasted paper, and difficulties in preparing inventory reports quickly and accurately. To overcome these problems, a web-based information system was developed by referring to the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall model, which includes the stages of planning, needs analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Research data was obtained through interviews with store managers and literature studies to support the analysis and design of the system. The implementation results show that the inventory information system built is able to simplify the process of recording and monitoring inventory in real-time, thereby helping to reduce the potential for recording errors and speeding up the reporting process. In addition, this system also reduces dependence on physical documents, making it more environmentally friendly and efficient in the use of resources. Available features include data management of goods, suppliers, users, incoming and outgoing goods transactions, and user account management. The integration of these features supports comprehensive inventory management, improves operational efficiency, and facilitates management in making accurate, data-driven decisions. With this system, Umama Gallery Yogyakarta has gained an effective, reliable, and integrated tool to support smooth operations and more modern and professional inventory management. Similar systems have the potential to be implemented in similar businesses to improve inventory management quality and competitiveness in the digital age.

Waste management remains a serious problem, particularly in rural areas, which generally have relatively low levels of environmental awareness. Inorganic waste such as plastic, glass, and aluminum is a major concern because it takes hundreds of years to decompose naturally. This situation poses potential long-term environmental hazards, including soil and water pollution, and ecosystem disruption. Therefore, effective educational efforts are needed to raise public awareness of waste issues. This community service activity was carried out in Sarah Perlak Village, Sungai Mas District, West Aceh Regency. The focus of the activity was the installation of educational signs containing information about the decomposition time of various types of waste. Implementation methods included direct observation to identify specific problems at the site, informal outreach to local residents, demonstrations related to waste sorting, and the creation and installation of educational signs. The signs were made from wooden planks and decorated with real waste such as plastic bottles, aluminum cans, and used paper, thus providing a tangible visualization to the community. The results of the activity showed that the visual approach through educational signs was able to attract the attention of residents, both children and adults. The information was presented clearly and accompanied by real-life examples, making the message easier to understand and remember. In addition, direct interaction through outreach and demonstrations provided an opportunity for residents to ask questions and share experiences related to waste management. Overall, this educational medium has proven effective in conveying environmental messages, raising awareness, and motivating the community to start sorting and reducing waste at the source. Going forward, this program is planned to be expanded through training in processing waste into useful products, thereby not only reducing pollution but also providing economic benefits to the community.

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological process experienced by every woman, but it can be accompanied by various discomforts, both physical and psychological. In the third trimester, hormonal, physical, and emotional changes often trigger complaints such as anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and discomfort. These conditions, if not managed, can negatively impact the health of the mother and fetus, including increasing the risk of pregnancy complications. One non-pharmacological approach that is increasingly in demand to address these problems is aromatherapy, namely the use of essential oils from plants as a complementary therapy. Objective: This literature study aims to explore the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality in pregnant women, especially in the final trimester. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted by analyzing ten national journal articles published between 2014–2024. Articles were selected through a purposive sampling method based on the suitability of the topics with aromatherapy, pregnancy, anxiety, and sleep quality. Results: Most studies show that aromatherapy, especially with lavender, orange, and chamomile essential oils, has a positive effect in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality. The mechanism of action of aromatherapy is thought to involve stimulation of the limbic system in the brain via the olfactory pathway, which plays a role in regulating emotions, inducing relaxation, and reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. These effects help reduce tension and facilitate better sleep in pregnant women. Conclusion: Aromatherapy has been shown to be a safe, easy-to-implement, and effective complementary intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep disturbances in pregnancy. Healthcare providers, particularly midwives, are advised to integrate this therapy into holistic antenatal care to support the overall well-being of pregnant women.