Publication Search

Semana Santa (Holy Week), which commemorates the passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, has evolved not only as a sacred religious ritual but also as a unique spiritual tourism attraction. This study aims to analyze the cultural and religious roles in the development of local tourism, with a specific case study on the Semana Santa tradition in Larantuka, East Flores. The research method used is qualitative with a literature study approach, by collecting and analyzing data from various relevant literature sources. The research results indicate that Semana Santa functions as a primary tourism attraction through four key factors: (1) Sacred Rituals and Processions (such as the Tuan Ma and Tuan Ana processions) that create profound spiritual experiences; (2) Culture and Tradition, which represent a unique acculturation between Catholic rituals and the local Lamaholot culture; (3) Historical Value as a living heritage that has endured for over five centuries; and (4) Spiritual Experience that attracts pilgrims to pray and seek blessings. The conclusion of this study is that the integration of culture, religion, and tourism within the Semana Santa tradition has become a significant driver of the local economy by promoting the growth of homestays, culinary offerings, and souvenirs

This study examines the role of the church in dealing with political dynamics in Indonesia, especially in the context of colonial and post-independence history. Indonesia is a country with historical and cultural uniqueness, including in terms of religious diversity that grew amidst the dominance of colonial powers. Although Islam developed rapidly under the Christian Dutch colonialism, the spread of Christianity continued significantly, especially through Portuguese Catholic missions and non-Dutch Protestant mission organizations. The role of the church in Indonesian history shows the tension between political authority and the autonomy of religious institutions, where the church often fell victim to colonial political control but survived and developed through social, educational, and public service roles. This study highlights how the church continues to have relevance and influence in the context of modern nationality and politics, despite facing historical and structural challenges. Through a historical-critical approach, this study seeks to uncover the dynamics of the church's role in the trajectory of Indonesian politics and its contribution to building a just and plural society.

This article analyzes the depiction of Jesus Christ from various scriptural perspectives and examines the impact of the diversity of Christological experiences on Christian faith. Research shows that the Bible presents a varied picture of Jesus: Mark's Gospel presents Him as the Suffering but Powerful Servant; Matthew as the Messianic King and Great Teacher; John as the eternal Logos (Word); and Revelation depicts Him through symbols of glory as King, Judge, and Redeemer. The diversity of Christological experiences produces positive impacts in the form of deeper understanding, theological enrichment, and facilitation of interfaith dialogue. However, this diversity also has the potential to cause misunderstandings, theological conflicts, and identity crises if not properly understood. This article also explores how cultural and historical backgrounds significantly influence interpretations of Jesus, from the first-century Jewish context to contemporary interpretations in various global cultural contexts. In conclusion, although understandings of Jesus continue to evolve according to context, it is important for people to maintain their theological identity while remaining open to various enriching perspectives.

This study examines the theological thought of Christian education by Robert Raikes as the pioneer of Sunday School within its historical context and its contribution to the development of Christian education. The purpose of this research is to reveal the theological background and motivations behind Raikes' initiation of church-based education and its impact on society and the church today. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing historical and theological sources. The findings show that Raikes had a deep concern for the social and moral condition of poor children in 18th century England, which led him to establish Sunday Schools as a means of religious and character education. Raikes' educational thoughts and practices became a crucial foundation for the development of modern Christian education. The implication of this research is the need for today’s churches and Christian educational institutions to emulate Raikes' spirit of service and social concern in delivering transformative education.

Islamic economics has been practiced since the time of the Prophet Muhammad. However, at that time until several centuries later there was no special classification of disciplines for economics, causing several Muslim works to be lost. The role of scholars in this case is very influential in the sustainability of Islamic economics both in terms of theory and implementation. This journal aims to review the thoughts of Islamic economics from scholars, one of whom is Imam Abu Hanifah. By matching whether Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts are still relevant and can be applied in the modern era. The method used is research with the study method used is library research. Where researchers use books, journals, periodical articles, yerbooks, bulletins, annual reviews, historical records, magazines, and newspapers as the main subject of their study. The results of this study are that Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts on the salam contract are still relevant and can be implemented in the modern era. although not all sales and purchase contracts can use the salam contract method because there are several conditions that must be met in this contract.

Tanjung Abadi Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes), located in Tanjung Village, Kedamean Subdistrict, Gresik Regency, was established with the aim of managing businesses that can improve the welfare of the village community through the management of revolving funds and various other business units. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method to evaluate the application of accounting principles in the BUMDes financial statements. The focus of the analysis includes revenue recognition, asset management, and the presentation of transparent and accountable financial statements. The analysis shows that BUMDes Tanjung Abadi has implemented accounting principles in accordance with applicable standards, such as the use of historical costs and the accrual basis. However, there are several challenges faced, including limited initial capital which is the main issue. The absence of contributions from founders or other sources can hinder further business development. Apart from that, uncertainty in revenue recognition is also a concern, especially when revenue is recognized without receipts as proof of paymen

The rights and obligations of citizens in Islam are fundamental aspects that emphasize the balance between individual responsibilities and the protection provided by the state. This study analyzes the concept of citizens' rights and obligations in Islam based on the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions. The Charter of Medina, a historical document drafted by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), provides an early depiction of citizenship principles in Islam, such as equal rights, religious freedom, and the duty to maintain national security. Meanwhile, modern constitutions, although based on secular or nationalist principles, still adopt some universal values aligned with Islamic teachings, such as social justice, human rights, and political participation. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. In conclusion, there is continuity between the principles found in the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions in guaranteeing citizens' rights and obligations. However, effective implementation requires a balance between Islamic values and democratic principles to ensure that citizens' rights are protected without neglecting their obligations to the state and society. 

Umar bin Khattab's Islamic economic policy in facing the crisis based on historical review and its relevance in the modern era. As the second Caliph, Umar bin Khattab implemented economic policies based on sharia principles, such as the establishment of Baitul Mal, management of zakat, kharaj, jizyah, and ushr, and the establishment of hisbah institutions to supervise the market. This policy succeeded in creating economic stability through fair distribution of wealth and a subsidy system for the poor. In addition, Umar carried out administrative reforms by establishing a transparent fiscal system and procuring currency to support the country's economy. In the modern context, Umar's economic principles are relevant to addressing global challenges such as social inequality, poverty, and economic crisis. This study confirms that Umar bin Khattab's Islamic economic thinking can be an alternative model that is humanistic and sustainable for current economic development.

The Senkaku Islands dispute involves Japan, China, and Taiwan on the basis of historical claims, international law, and strategic and economic interests. The strategic value of this region increases along with the potential of natural resources and the importance of maritime routes in the East China Sea. The main problems in this research are, first, how is the chronology of the Senkaku Islands dispute, and second, how is the analysis of international law on the sovereignty claims of each party. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, which is based on a literature study of international legal documents, scientific journals, and various related official sources. The results show that Japan controls the Senkaku Islands de facto and strengthens its claim based on the principle of effectiveness. In contrast, China and Taiwan make claims based on the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties but have no actual control over the territory. The dispute is further complicated by the United States' security support for Japan, as well as increased maritime and military patrol activities around the disputed area. Efforts to resolve the dispute through the International Court of Justice have been stymied by Japan's refusal to recognize the dispute and China's caution in taking the case to international law. Overall, the dispute has not only a legal dimension, but also reflects the sharp geopolitical competition in the East Asian region. Resolving this dispute requires a flexible diplomatic approach, given that formal legal channels are difficult to pursue. Multilateral dialog is the key to preventing conflict escalation that could threaten regional stability.

This research emerged from the lack of understanding of the role of Indonesian language and literature in the context of education and cultural preservation efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the historical development and position of Indonesian language and literature as a means of unification and media in the formation of national character. The method used is qualitative with a literature study approach. The results of the study show that Indonesian language and literature continue to develop over time, and have a significant role in shaping national identity. In conclusion, both need to be preserved and developed to remain relevant in facing global challenges.    

The revitalization of urban heritage areas in Indonesia, exemplified by Panggung Street in Surabaya, faces multifaceted challenges encompassing the preservation of historical character, socio-economic enhancement, and the creation of inclusive public spaces. Current revitalization efforts often misalign with the area’s authentic features such as inappropriate facade treatments while neglecting accessibility for vulnerable groups and failing to foster effective collaboration among stakeholders. This study employs a descriptive qualitative case study approach, synthesizing field observations, in-depth interviews with local actors, comprehensive literature reviews, and precedent analyses of Braga Street in Bandung and heritage zones in Malacca. Data were analyzed using SWOT and root cause analysis to identify systemic barriers and leverage opportunities, while comparative-historical interpretation contextualized Surabaya’s urban identity. Triangulation ensured methodological rigor and validity. The research culminates in a holistic revitalization framework emphasizing three key strategies: restoration of authentic architectural features, including original colors and ornamentation, enhancement of inclusive infrastructure, such as accessible pedestrian pathways and universal signage and active community participation through workshops and cultural initiatives like the Kya-Kya night market. This integrated approach not only preserves the area’s historical integrity but also fosters social cohesion, economic vitality, and collective pride. The study demonstrates that combining heritage conservation with inclusive design principles can transform urban spaces into dynamic, accessible, and sustainable environments. The findings offer valuable insights for other Southeast Asian cities facing similar heritage revitalization challenges.

This study analyzes the representation of women in the national movement within high school history textbooks of the Merdeka Curriculum using the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) by Ruth Wodak. The findings reveal that women appear eight times less frequently than men, with their roles concentrated in education (30%), social organizations (25%), and health (20%), while political and military roles are minimal. Language analysis shows that active-strategic diction dominates descriptions of male figures (85%), whereas passive-emotional diction prevails for female figures (60-70%). The narrative structure applies the Great Men Theory, placing women as supplements to the main story. Visual representation marginalizes women through smaller photo sizes, peripheral placement, and domestic contexts. Ideological analysis confirms that patriarchal structures dominate all discourse production dimensions, with the state scoring 5/5 and women as subjects scoring only 1/5. The deconstruction score averages 2.2 out of 10, indicating a significant gap from the ideal inclusive representation. These findings demonstrate that despite the Merdeka Curriculum's inclusive aspirations, history textbooks continue to reproduce gender biases that marginalize women's historical contributions.

Ketoprak as a form of traditional Javanese theater has the characteristics of historical storytelling or legend supported by artistic elements such as music, dialogue, clothing, and stage settings. In its development towards a modern form of ketoprak, the use of multimedia technology has become one of the significant innovations, especially in the creation of performance settings. This article examines in depth the function of multimedia in supporting the creation of modern ketoprak settings, both from aesthetic, dramatic, and production efficiency aspects. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through observation of ketoprak performances that integrate multimedia, in-depth interviews with directors, artistic stylists, and multimedia technicians, and literature studies that discuss contemporary performing arts. The results of the study show that multimedia plays an important role in building richer imaginative atmospheres and spaces and allows for the depiction of complex settings such as palaces, forests, or battlefields quickly and effectively. In addition, multimedia expands visual possibilities through projection of images, videos, and dynamic light effects that cannot be achieved with traditional physical properties alone. The multimedia function has also been proven to enhance the viewer experience by presenting a more modern visual sensation without losing the traditional identity of ketoprak. These findings indicate that multimedia serves not only as a complement, but also as an integral element that influences the overall aesthetic, reinforces dramatic messages, and facilitates transitions between scenes.

The Majapahit Museum houses a significant collection of tosan aji, particularly keris, which holds important historical, technological, and symbolic value within Javanese culture. However, a substantial portion of the collection lacks clear provenance and stratigraphic context, resulting in data gaps and potential misinterpretations, especially regarding Majapahit-period attribution. This study aims to examine strategies for managing non-stratigraphic keris collections through standardized visual-morphological identification as an initial curatorial approach. The research employs direct artifact observation, morphological analysis of blades and ricikan, visual examination of pamor configurations, and a review of museological, keris studies, and archaeometallurgical literature. The findings demonstrate that standardized morphological identification provides a systematic framework for preliminary classification while preventing speculative chronological claims. The study also emphasizes the necessity of separating blade analysis from keris fittings and highlights the limitations of visual assessment in determining tangguh, which requires support from non-destructive metallurgical analyses. As a practical contribution, this article proposes strengthening curatorial standards through the development of morphology-based artifact labels (manual and digital), multidisciplinary scholarly catalogues, and the integration of documentation and material analysis technologies. This approach positions the Majapahit Museum as a knowledge-producing institution in tosan aji studies rather than merely a repository of artifacts.   Kata Kunci : Museum Majapahit, Keris, Identifikasi Morfologis, Ricikan, Tangguh Keris

This paper focuses on the legal thought of Imam Malik bin Anas through a social historical approach. This study represents a relatively new area in Islamic legal scholarship, and therefore, it has garnered limited attention from academics. Imam Malik is one of the four imams of the Sunni schools of thought, known as ahlu hadits. Throughout his life, he never left the city of Madinah except for the pilgrimage to Mecca. His residence in Madinah, the place where the Prophet lived, greatly supported his ability to address various legal issues, most of which could be resolved through hadith. The environment of Madinah, characterized by relatively simple social problems, also influenced Imam Malik's approach. Although he is recognized as ahlu hadits, he was nonetheless affected by the use of reason in ijtihad due to the social conditions of his time. This is evidenced by his application of principles such as the practices of the people of Madinah (Amal ahli Madinah), the fatwas of the companions (sahabat), qiyas (analogical reasoning), al-maslahah mursalah (public interest), az-zari'ah (preventive measures), and al-'urf (custom) in deriving Islamic law. Like other schools of thought, Imam Malik regarded the Qur'an and hadith as primary sources in legal decision-making.

This study aims to deconstruct the technocratic rationality underpinning social investment policies implemented in Bima Regency by critically illuminating the ideological co-optation of neoliberalism, which manifests through the language of modernity, productivity, and pseudo-empowerment. Within a structurally asymmetrical and historically marginalized context, the global paradigm of social investment has been adopted in an ahistorical and depoliticized manner, resulting in policy architectures that are both irrelevant and exclusionary. Employing a critical-qualitative approach with a deconstructive design rooted in post-structuralist epistemology, this research conceptualizes public policy as an ideological text that demands reinterpretation and recontextualization. Data were obtained through rigorous analysis of institutional and academic literature and interpreted using the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings reveal that social investment policies in Bima function not as instruments of structural transformation but rather as symbolic mechanisms of ideological co-optation, which conceal systemic inequality under the guise of bureaucratic performance metrics. The local state apparatus has lost its articulative capacity, subordinated to a global epistemology that is profoundly indifferent to local particularities. Terminologies such as “empowerment” and “human capacity” are reduced to administrative slogans devoid of redistributive justice. Consequently, the social investment paradigm has shifted the state's role from an agent of justice to a managerial entity of poverty normalizing exclusion and reinforcing the subordination of the subaltern populace.

Ibn Khaldun is recognized as a prominent Muslim thinker who made significant contributions to the fields of economics, sociology, and politics. In his seminal work Muqaddimah, he introduced economic ideas that were far ahead of his time, including the concepts of national wealth, wage theory, market mechanisms, and the role of the state in fiscal policy. This study aims to examine the core economic thoughts of Ibn Khaldun and their relevance to current economic dynamics. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on literature review, the study finds that many of Khaldun's ideas remain highly relevant, particularly regarding the importance of productivity, fiscal justice, and the integration of social and economic aspects in building a sustainable system. Most people know that Ibn Khaldun is one of the most famous Muslim thinkers, and he did a lot in the fields of politics, economics, and sociology.  In his monumental work, Muqaddimah discusses various long-established economic concepts, such as the market mechanism, wage theory, national wealth, and the role of the state in fiscal policy.  The purpose of this research is to study Ibn Khaldun's ideas on economics and evaluate how these impact contemporary economic developments.  The study found that many of Khaldun's ideas are still relevant today thanks to the use of descriptive qualitative methodology based on literature study. A sustainable and inclusive economic system relies on the idea of productivity as the source of economic growth, fiscal justice in the taxation system, and integration between social and economic aspects.  The results show that classical economic thought not only has historical value, but also offers solutions to many modern economic problems such as inequality, productivity stagnation, and institutional crisis.

This study aims to examine the contribution of zakat to socio-economic mobility during the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in Madinah, emphasizing its role not merely as a religious obligation but also as a strategic instrument for social transformation. Employing a qualitative method through literature review, this research explores historical accounts, Islamic economic literature, and academic sources related to zakat management. The findings reveal that zakat, when administered systematically and empowerment-oriented, effectively reduced social inequality, improved the living standards of marginalized communities, and promoted sustainable social mobility. The productive zakat model introduced by the Prophet SAW not only succeeded in establishing social justice in Madinan society but also laid the foundation for an economy based on communal solidarity. These results highlight the relevance of the Prophetic zakat model as an alternative solution for addressing contemporary socio-economic challenges, particularly in promoting equitable and sustainable development.

The existence of various views on the Incarnation of Christ often causes confusion. Each view provides different arguments. Therefore, a biblical study is needed to provide answers based on biblical principles. The methodology applied is exegesis. Exegesis is a way to interpret the Bible by emphasizing different approaches in the analysis of the original languages of the Bible as the main foundation. In this way, a biblical truth is obtained that can answer the various views that exist. The term incarnation comes from the Latin incarnatio which is composed of in and carnis (in the flesh). This term comes from the Greek translation “σὰρξ sarx sarcosis. Literally, σὰρξ sarcosis means to become flesh. Flesh is literally the muscular part that covers the bones of the human body. Synecdically (a figure of speech that uses a part of something to represent the whole or vice versa, to create a rhetorical or creative effect), it means the physical body as a whole flesh, which is related to the scope of the human worldly situation or mortal nature, earthly descent, blood ties, ethnic groups, and races. In general, this term gives the impression of weakness, fragility, mortality, and participation in human nature. The term σὰρξ – sarx sarcosis is closely related to the opening of the Gospel of John which reveals the word that became flesh (John 1:14). The term flesh (Greek: σὰρξ sarx) in biblical terminology refers to humans with all their anthropological dimensions. In theological terminology, The incarnation is a historical fact that explains that the invisible God, who spoke His word to humans, now clearly appeared as a human being. Jesus Christ is the Word of God who became flesh (John 1:14)

This study discusses the architectural transformation of Pasar Johar Semarang before and after the major fire incident in 2015. Designed by architect Thomas Karsten, Pasar Johar holds significant historical and architectural values. The fire prompted a comprehensive revitalization of the market’s environment, site, and building while maintaining its original character. This research employs an architectural anatomy approach covering three main scopes: environment, site, and building, and uses a qualitative descriptive-analytical method through four stages: (1) documenting conditions before and after the fire, (2) classifying architectural elements, (3) comparing visual and structural transformations, and (4) drawing conclusions based on the analysis to evaluate the extent of the transformation. The results show that the revitalization made the area more organized, functional, and sustainable. Distinctive structures such as mushroom columns and drainage systems were preserved, while zoning and public spaces were reorganized to improve efficiency and comfort. This restoration not only improved physical aspects but also strengthened the market’s social function as a community interaction space. Pasar Johar now serves as an example of a traditional market that can adapt to modern urban challenges without losing its architectural identity and its potential as a sustainable economic and social hub.