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Violence among university students is a serious issue that often neglects the position of victims as subjects who deserve legal and social protection. The case of mob violence against a law faculty student at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University (Untirta) in SMKN 2 Serang City in June 2024 reveals the complexities of victims’ access to justice, marked by slow legal processes and insufficient institutional support. This study employs a qualitative approach with a normative empirical juridical legal research design and a case study method, combining an examination of legislation with field data to explore the social, legal, and psychological conditions of the victims through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and literature review. Data analysis is conducted descriptively-analytically using thematic coding and source triangulation to ensure the validity of findings. The study uncovers three main findings: (1) secondary victimization experienced by victims due to legal process stagnation and lack of accompaniment, (2) institutional responses prioritizing campus reputation over victim recovery, and (3) a culture of violence normalizing violent acts as internal campus conflicts. This research offers victimology-based recommendations, including the establishment of victim service units on campus, sensitivity training for law enforcement officers, and revisions to victim-centered campus policies. The findings underscore the importance of a victimological approach in supporting restorative justice for student violence victims.

In the perspective of victimology, children who are victims of domestic violence are viewed as a vulnerable group that needs protection and justice. This study aims to analyze the patterns of victimization, factors, and legal protection for child victims of Domestic Violence in Ciruas Pasar Village. The research method used in this study is empirical juridical. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data collected using interview techniques and field studies, and analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The results of this study indicate that children as victims of Domestic Violence experience complex victimization, including physical and verbal violence perpetrated by the father figure with a background of economic problems and emotional instability. The lack of public awareness, the victims' courage to report, and limited access to rehabilitation services are factors contributing to the inadequate implementation of legal protection for child victims of Domestic Violence in Ciruas Pasar Village. Therefore, synergy between the government, law enforcement agencies, social institutions, and the community is needed to create a more effective, inclusive, and sustainable child protection system.

Sexual violence is a critical issue in Indonesia, especially within the context of higher education. Various studies and statistical data indicate a growing number of cases, including incidents in university settings that often go unreported due to social stigma and lack of support systems. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling Task Force (SATGAS PPKS) at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University in providing protection for victims. The method used is empirical juridical, combining primary data through interviews with SATGAS PPKS members and secondary data in the form of laws, academic literature, and official reports. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive analysis technique to assess how far the SATGAS PPKS applies principles of victimology and routine activity theory to support victims and reduce the opportunity for sexual violence in campus environments.

Taxpayer User Number (NPWP) data is something private to be published or known by everyone. Based on Law Number 27 of 2022, the contents of the Law are concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP). This law regulates the protection of citizens' personal data, including the rights of data owners, data controller obligations, and sanctions for violations. Today, adults are uncovering the Bjorka case that published several other people's NPWP data which made all NPWP users afraid. Therefore, this journal discusses the Legal Review and Prevention Efforts for NPWP Data Leakage Cases. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive research method through a literature study approach.

The purpose of this study is to find out about someone who has a mental disorder periodically committing an unlawful act, can be given legal responsibility for his actions, and the basis for the judge's considerations in sentencing the perpetrator of the crime of murder who has a mental disorder periodically. The type of research is normative legal research. The research data collection technique uses literature studies. The data will then be analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that based on the theory of criminal responsibility, a person with a mental disorder cannot be punished because he is considered not to have the awareness and ability to be responsible or his actions, but there is a submission in the case of periodic mental disorders experienced by the defendant in the sentence, the legal status of the perpetrator does not immediately get a full element of forgiveness, in the audit the judge considered it worthy of being held criminally responsible because his actions had fulfilled the elements of criminal responsibility. The judge's decision ignored the conditions of the conversation with a history of periodic mental disorders showing weaknesses in aspects, legal certainty, benefits and protection of human rights, in contrast to the principles of legalization and violation of national law and imprisoning people who have a history or even are mentally ill does not provide benefits to the person himself.

Resolving Islamic legal issues can be done through a legal and diplomatic approach. The legal approach refers to the formal legal system, such as religious courts and religious scholars' fatwas, which prioritize legal certainty based on the sources of Islamic law, namely the Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma', and Qiyas. Meanwhile, the diplomatic approach emphasizes more on deliberation, mediation, and negotiation in order to achieve a peaceful solution that remains based on the principles of Islamic law. The combination of these two approaches can create a resolution mechanism that is more effective, fair, and in accordance with the needs of the Muslim community. The research method applied in writing this journal is a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical approach. This study describes how the resolution of Islamic law is carried out legally and diplomatically and analyzes the effectiveness of each method in practice. Research data were collected through a literature study of Islamic legal sources, religious court regulations, and cases of Islamic legal settlement. The results of the study indicate that the legal approach is more effective in providing legal certainty and protection of individual rights, while the diplomatic approach is more flexible in maintaining social harmony and avoiding prolonged conflict. Therefore, integration between these two approaches is very necessary in resolving Islamic legal issues more comprehensively and fairly.

According to BPS data, in 2024, the poverty rate in Siak Regency reached 5.08% of a total population of 487.67 thousand. Family poverty is a major challenge in Indone-sia’s social development. As the official institution managing zakat, BAZNAS plays a strategic role in alleviating poverty. However, the current zakat regulations do not ful-ly support a family-based approach to zakat distribution. This study aims to formu-late a legislative reconstruction model for BAZNAS based on the Maqasid Syariah, ensuring that zakat distribution is more equitable, effective, and has a systemic impact on the welfare of poor families. Employing a qualitative normative approach and Maqasid Syariah theory, the study finds that the restructuring of BAZNAS regula-tions should emphasize the dimensions of protection for religion (din), soul (nafs), intellect ('aql), lineage (nasl), and wealth (mal), with the family as the fundamental unit of society. Family poverty is not merely a matter of economic incapacity; it also encompasses the failure to meet basic needs related to education, health, and social protection. Religious institutions like BAZNAS possess a constitutional and reli-gious mandate to manage zakat professionally. However, the current management and legislation of zakat have not been holistically oriented towards the sustainable empowerment of poor families. Within the framework of Maqasid Syariah, zakat is not only an obligatory act of worship but also a socio-economic instrument designed to safeguard five essential components: religion, soul, intellect, lineage, and wealth. Therefore, it is imperative to reconstruct zakat regulations in a manner that is attuned to contemporary needs and capable of addressing the challenges of family-based poverty.

Murder has a major impact on the victim and his family in terms of psychology, social, and economics. Therefore, it is only right that the victim and his family are given protection and equal attention as given to the perpetrator in the judicial process. However, in practice, the criminal justice system is still focused on the perpetrator and the criminalization process while the rights and attention of the victim and his family tend to be sidelined. This study aims to analyze the psychosocial impact on the victim and his family and the extent to which the guarantee and implementation of the protection of the victim's rights related to the case in Decision Number 448/Pid.B/2023/PN Serang. The method used in this study is empirical yuridical based on data obtained directly through interviews. The results of this study indicate that the victim's family from the case in Decision Number 448/Pid.B/2023/PN Serang experienced long-term psychological trauma, social stigma against the victim's partner because of the case's connection to infidelity, and economic difficulties due to the loss of the main source of income. In addition, there is also fear and insecurity about the occurrence of similar crimes in society. During the judicial process, the position of the victim and his/her family is merely an instrument needed to ensnare the perpetrator while their rights such as financial compensation, mental rehabilitation, and legal protection tend to be ignored. A more significant role for the victim as a subject entitled to recovery and legal protection will reflect a just and humane criminal justice system.

Assault is a criminal act intentionally committed to cause pain, physical injury, or damage to another person. As a state governed by law, efforts to address assault crimes are necessary as part of law enforcement. However, existing regulations focus mainly on the perpetrators, and there is a need for regulations that also focus on the victims, examined through the perspective of victimology. The purpose of this study is to give greater consideration to the victim's side in a criminal act, how victims are more heavily impacted, and the legal protection that remains insufficiently fulfilled. This research uses a theoretical study with the approach of victimology theory and restorative justice theory. It employs a normative empirical method with secondary data, based on legislation. The results of this study show that victims of assault crimes suffer impacts in every aspect, including physical injuries, psychological disturbances, economic effects, and social life disruption. Victims of assault should receive protection from the victimology perspective, such as restitution or compensation, counseling assistance, medical aid, and legal support. However, these protections have not been adequately fulfilled. This is illustrated by case number 695/Pid.B/2024/PN SRG, where the defendant was sentenced under Article 351 paragraph (2) for assault causing serious injury to the victims, with a prison sentence of 1 year and 10 months plus a court fee of Rp. 2,000 (two thousand rupiah). Considering the victims experienced terror before the incident and multiple stabbing actions resulting in physical and psychological harm, the victims are entitled to restitution, counseling, and adequate legal assistance. Yet, in reality, such protections remain unmet.

Dalam era digital, isu perlindungan data menjadi perhatian global, termasuk bagi Indonesia yang berlandaskan Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara. Artikel ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara Pancasila dan kedaulatan digital dalam konteks implikasi hukum internasional terhadap perlindungan data nasional. Dengan menggunakan metode normatif dan pendekatan komparatif, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana prinsip-prinsip Pancasila dapat diimplementasikan dalam kebijakan perlindungan data serta sejauh mana hukum internasional, seperti General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Uni Eropa dan perjanjian multilateral lainnya, mempengaruhi regulasi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia perlu menyeimbangkan kedaulatan digital dengan kewajiban internasional untuk menciptakan sistem perlindungan data yang efektif sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Kesimpulannya, adaptasi hukum nasional terhadap standar global harus dilakukan tanpa mengorbankan kedaulatan negara dan kepentingan publik.

The development of information technology has driven significant changes in the practice of contract making, from manual-based to increasingly using electronic systems. This research discusses the validity of the legal certainty of electronic contracts compared to manual contracts. Electronic contracts offer efficiency and flexibility, but raise concerns regarding the validity of electronic signatures, data security, and legal proof in the event of a dispute. Meanwhile, manual contracts are considered more concrete and easily accepted as evidence due to their physical form. Through a normative approach with the analysis of laws and regulations and legal literature, this study found that both types of contracts have equal legal standing as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of an agreement according to the Civil Code. However, electronic contracts face challenges in legal protection, identity authentication, and document integrity. It is necessary to strengthen technical regulations, digital legal education, and technological infrastructure to ensure the validity and legal certainty of electronic contracts to be equivalent to manual contracts, so that the rights and obligations of the parties can be fairly protected in today's digital era.    

This study is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to describe sexual education provided by parents at Taman Firdaus Christian Kindergarten, Balige, North Sumatra. Data were obtained through direct interviews with the Principal, teachers, and several parents. The results showed that teachers and parents at Taman Firdaus Christian Kindergarten had provided basic teaching about the physical differences between boys and girls. However, an explanation of the genitals and their names had not been given because it was considered inappropriate for the age of the children. The main focus of teaching was on norms of politeness and privacy, although a comprehensive understanding of sexuality had not been achieved. Understanding of boundaries and privacy was taught by emphasizing the importance of maintaining privacy, such as not showing genitals to the opposite sex and maintaining physical distance. However, there were challenges such as the limitations of school policies in separating boys' and girls' toilets. The use of appropriate language in sexual education has been carried out well, although consistency in the school environment and at home needs to be improved. Parental involvement in children's sexual education is considered important, but there are obstacles in the form of parental discomfort in discussing sexuality topics with their children at home. The descriptive approach in this qualitative study aims to describe in detail the events, phenomena, and social situations that are the focus of the study. Analysis is carried out by giving meaning, interpreting, and comparing the data obtained to gain a deep understanding of the subject being studied.

Raprock United Bali is an important music community that plays a significant role in preserving and promoting the rap rock genre in Bali. Since its formation in 2015, this community has served as a platform for musicians and rap rock enthusiasts to create, collaborate, and maintain the genre's presence amid shifting musical preferences within society. This study aims to analyze the role of Raprock United Bali within the cultural, social, economic, educational, and legal ecosystems, as well as the community's strategies for addressing various challenges. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data was collected through interviews with community members and literature analysis. The research findings indicate that Raprock United Bali has a strong cultural ecosystem through regular activities such as RAPROCK NIGHT and the production of the compilation album “ROKIN RAPROCK,” supported by local sponsors. In the social ecosystem, this community strengthens solidarity among members and builds connections with audiences through music events that also impact the local economy. Additionally, the community contributes to knowledge transfer and musical skill development, making it an informal educational platform for its members. Awareness of copyright protection and licensing regulations is also a crucial aspect of the community's legal sustainability. In conclusion, Raprock United Bali is not only a driving force in the music scene but also creates a significant impact on Bali's cultural ecosystem and society, making it an inspiring model for other art communities in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the legal protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property as a result of joint management in a marriage. In many cases, this mixing causes unclear legal status of the assets, especially during divorce or inheritance division. This study uses empirical normative legal methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. This study shows that legal regulations in Indonesia related to the protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property due to joint management in marriage, and highlights the inconsistency of court decisions in such disputes and their impact on household economic stability. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law have distinguished between property brought into marriage and joint property, practice in the field shows that mixing of property due to joint management often causes conflict during divorce. Inconsistency in court decisions arises due to the unclear norms in Article 37 of the Marriage Law which provide room for different interpretations by judges. This has an impact on legal uncertainty and potential injustice, especially for parties who are socially or economically weaker. Mixed property disputes also affect household economic stability, exacerbate social inequality, and cause psychological burdens for family members, including children. This study recommends the need for more detailed regulatory updates, the issuance of technical guidelines by the Supreme Court to unify decision standards, and increased legal education for the community to prevent conflicts through marriage agreements.

The sea fence in Tangerang Regency, Banten, has become a complex issue involving violations of spatial law, environmental impacts, and the rights of coastal communities. This research analyzes the social and environmental impacts of the case and examines the protection and restoration of victims' rights based on a greenvictimology perspective. Using an empirical juridical approach, data collection was conducted through interviews with fishermen and legal aid organizations, as well as secondary data from legal literature. The results showed that sea fences disrupt fishermen's activities, damage marine ecosystems, and violate regional spatial regulations. Ecological impacts include changes in ocean currents, decreased water quality, disruption of fish migration, damage to coral reefs, and coastal abrasion. Protection and restoration of victims' rights in the Pagar Laut case to date have not been fully fulfilled and realized by the responsible parties. This can be seen from the absence of concrete policies and concrete actions in the form of providing compensation or compensation to fishermen who are directly affected by the installation of the Sea Fence which hampers their access and space for fishing activities. In addition, efforts to restore the marine environment have also not been carried out optimally, especially in terms of dismantling sea fences that have not been carried out thoroughly and assistance programs from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries have not been implemented.

Domestic homicide cases, especially those resulting from Domestic Violence (DV), are a phenomenon that has a wide impact, both on the surrounding environment and on the fulfillment of victims' rights. This study aims to analyze how the community responds to domestic violence murder cases and to identify victims' rights that are not fulfilled based on applicable legal regulations. Using empirical legal research methods, this study collected data through interviews with the Head of RT Jokolukito and reviewed relevant regulations. The results of the study indicate that the surrounding environment tends to be less concerned about domestic violence cases until they reach a fatal stage, which can be explained through Strain Theory and Cycle of Violence. In addition, it was found that victims did not receive optimal legal protection before the incident, and their rights after the incident were not fulfilled in accordance with the Domestic Violence Law and the Witness and Victim Protection Law. Therefore, this study recommends increasing public awareness, facilitating access to legal assistance for victims, and implementing a more effective restitution mechanism to ensure justice for victims and their families.

Law enforcement against theft cases not only reviews the position of the perpetrator but also the victim, because the victim has the right to receive protection both materially and immaterially; it is important for law enforcement officers to help victims obtain legal certainty and justice. The purpose of the author's research is to determine the obstacles experienced by victims of motorcycle theft in an effort to obtain their rights as victims and effective strategic efforts to ensure that the rights of victims of motorcycle theft can be fulfilled. Research iThis uses qualitative methods and empirical normative juridical methods. The author conducted interviews as primary data in this article, followed by secondary data in the form of literature from the law (primary source material), books (secondary source material), and scientific journals (tertiary source material). The data obtained shows that there are still quite a lot of obstacles experienced by victims in seeking their rights as victims of motorcycle theft. Victims experience bureaucratic difficulties where the process is complicated; victims also find unprofessional service from law enforcement officers; and victims do not get further information regarding the investigation or get SP2HP. However, there are also effective strategic steps to fulfill the rights of victims of motorcycle theft, namely by increasing access to the legal process through online complaint services and increasing professionalism and responsiveness from law enforcement officers through routine training on handling victims. It can also be done regarding the recovery of victim losses by providing compensation mechanisms and strengthening supervision and prevention by collaborating between the community and the police in the form of environmental security. This shows that there is still a lack of concern from law enforcement officers themselves for victims of motorcycle theft and there is still much that needs to be developed further by the government to improve the welfare of victims of motorcycle theft and government efforts to protect the community from criminal acts of theft.

This study examines the implementation Electronic Based Government Systems (SPBE) in Indonesia, focusing on legal aspects. It analyzes the regulatory framework, challenges, and the impact of digital transparency, legal materials. Findings indicate the while SPBE enhances servive efficiency and transparency, legal challenges persist in data protection and inter agency coordination.

The general election as a pillar of democracy faces new challenges with the rapid development of information technology, one of which is the practice of doxing—disseminating personal data without consent to harm individuals. In the context of Indonesia’s 2024 General Election, doxing cases have increased, targeting political figures and ordinary citizens, potentially undermining political participation and violating the right to privacy. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing doxing based on Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law), as well as to examine the form of criminal liability for perpetrators of doxing in the context of the 2024 election. This normative juridical research employs statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that although not explicitly regulated, doxing can be classified as a legal violation under the two laws. However, law enforcement still faces technical and normative obstacles, such as difficulty in identifying perpetrators and proving intent. Strengthening legal provisions and the capacity of law enforcement officers is essential to ensure accountability without compromising democratic principles.

The comparison of health law between Indonesia andMalaysia covers critical aspects of the healthcare system that influence the quality of life of their citizens. This study primarily focuses on occupational health and safety (OHS) for healthcare workers. According to global data, Malaysia has a better healthcare system compared to Indonesia, as reflected in its higher ranking on the Health Care Index. In Indonesia,health law regulations often undergo changes and revisions,such as the enactment of the Omnibus Law, which consolidates various health sector regulations. However, this has raised concerns about the diminishing legal protection for healthcare workers. In contrast, Malaysia presents a more structured system, with the integration of health and labor institutions through the Department of Occupational Safety And Health (DOSH), which ensures better workplace safety and clearer standards. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing legal documents such as Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health in Indonesia and the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Malaysia. The Malaysian approach is more preventive and promotive in nature, differing from Indonesia’s curative-dominated model. The study aims to compare the legal health regulations of both countries, assess their implementation effectiveness, and offer policy recommendations based on best practices applied inMalaysia to improve the quality of healthcare services inIndonesia. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has significant potential in the health sector, weak regulation implementation and supervision remain major obstacles. Therefore, a more structured and efficient regulatory reform is needed to enhance legal protection for healthcare workers and improve health services.