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The phenomenon of homelessness and begging in public places remains a complex social problem that impacts public order and legal norms. The main problem in this study is how criminal law is applied to homelessness and begging in public places, and how the provisions compare in the old Criminal Code and the new Criminal Code based on Law Number 1 of 2023. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and literature study. In the old Criminal Code, begging is regulated in Article 504, which threatens imprisonment for anyone who begs in public. Meanwhile, the new Criminal Code regulates similar acts in Article 425, which no longer uses the term "begging" explicitly, but regulates the prohibition against the repeated exploitation of certain activities in public places that disturb the community. The results of the study show that although there is continuity in substance, the new Criminal Code tends to use a more humanistic approach and emphasizes social rehabilitation. Law enforcement against homelessness and begging still faces various obstacles such as low public reporting, limited police supervision, and a lack of rehabilitation facilities. Therefore, the main conclusion of this study is that a repressive approach alone is insufficiently effective. An integrated legal strategy is needed, combining penal and non-penal approaches with the active involvement of the government, the community, and social institutions.

Women's political involvement is an important aspect in promoting equitable social change, but unfortunately, political involvement in Indonesia is still relatively low due to a patriarchal culture and a lack of political party support. This study aims to analyze the forms of political involvement carried out by 'Aisyiyah in promoting social advocacy. The main focus of this study includes strategies, actors, and political participation spaces used by 'Aisyiyah in fighting for the interests of society, especially vulnerable groups. This research method uses a qualitative approach through a literature review of various relevant journals, reports, and articles. The data analysis technique in this study uses coding the results of the article review analysis, then grouped based on research variables and continued with drawing conclusions based on the data analysis variables used. The research findings show that 'Aisyiyah is actively involved in social advocacy through formal and informal political channels, and utilizes the power of organizational networks and religious values to strengthen its influence. 'Aisyiyah's political participation not only reflects women's collective awareness but also serves as an instrument in shaping social policies that are responsive to community needs. This study is expected to contribute to broadening understanding of the strategic role of women's organizations in the political and social arena.

This article discusses the phenomenon of criminalisation of online gambling in society and its implications for the criminal justice system in Indonesia. Gambling, which is regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP) Article 303 and Article 303 bis, has undergone transformation in line with the development of information technology. Online gambling, as a form of gambling that utilises the internet, poses new challenges in law enforcement and community protection. In this context, this study aims to analyse the social impact of online gambling as well as the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in handling gambling cases that occur in cyberspace. Through a normative approach and juridical analysis, this article finds that despite clear regulations on gambling, the implementation of the law still faces obstacles, including the lack of public understanding of the risks and legal consequences of online gambling. Therefore, synergy between law enforcement, government, and the community is needed to create more effective awareness and prevention of online gambling practices.

This study aims to examine the legal protection of workers' rights who are terminated due to economic recession and to analyze the use of economic recession as a valid reason for termination of employment. This is a normative legal research that uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The research relies on primary legal materials such as the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Civil Code, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, and Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, as well as secondary legal materials including books, journals, and scholarly articles. The results of the research show that: 1) an economic recession can be considered a valid reason for termination of employment within a company, as it may fall under the category of force majeure, provided that the company still respects the employment agreement and principles of fairness; and 2) legal protection for workers who are laid off due to an economic recession is divided into two forms: internal legal protection (based on the contents of the employment agreement) and external legal protection (based on statutory provisions). In this regard, workers still have the right to receive severance pay, long service pay, and compensation for entitlements.

This study investigates the influence of the Provincial Minimum Wage (MW) and education level on changes in worker status in Lampung Province, using Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) as a control variable. Changes in worker status are defined as individual transitions in the labor market from 2021 to 2022, numerically coded as follows: employed-to-employed (3), employed-to-unemployed (1), unemployed-to-employed (2), and unemployed-to-unemployed (0). The analysis uses microdata from the National Labor Force Survey (NLFS), consisting of 22,999 respondents across all regencies/cities in Lampung Province. This study uses VAR and VECM models to examine short and long term relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that the minimum wage (LOGMWt) does not significantly influence changes in worker status in either the short or long term. Education shows varied effects: lower (EDUC1) and higher (EDUC3) levels have a significant negative impact, while middle education (EDUC2) has a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, LOGGDRP positively and significantly affects worker status changes in both time frames. These results underscore that improvements in EDUC2 and LOGPDRB play a more in facilitating labor market transitions than minimum wage policy alone.

This study examines the application of engineering professionalism and ethical conduct in the construction of Building X, focusing on the quality of both substructure and superstructure works. The research was conducted through field observation, interviews with project stakeholders, and literature review, analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Several issues were identified on site, including bore pile misalignment, waterlogging due to excess soil accumulation, poor concrete quality (honeycomb), and work delays caused by reinforcement order errors and subcontractor replacement. The assessment of professionalism and ethics refers to the 2021 Indonesian Code of Ethics for Engineers. The findings indicate that several aspects of professionalism, such as supervisory decisiveness, technical responsibility, and proactive communication, were applied appropriately. However, deviations were also observed, particularly in planning, quality control, and safety implementation. The study recommends improved coordination between supervisors and contractors, technical training for workers, and stronger enforcement of ethical compliance to enhance the overall quality of construction outcomes.

Health care is a fundamental right of every citizen guaranteed by the constitution and various laws and regulations. However, in practice there are still cases of health care malpractice that often occur, either due to negligence, carelessness, lack of competence, or violation of professional standards. Such actions not only have an impact on the physical and psychological harm of patients, but also raise questions regarding the legal responsibility of the perpetrators, especially in the criminal realm. The problems in this study are how health care malpractice in the perspective of criminal law and how criminal liability for health care malpractice. This research uses normative juridical research method with statute approach and conceptual approach. The results showed that health care malpractice must be viewed as a criminal offence that can be subject to criminal liability in accordance with the provisions in the Criminal Code, Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and other regulations.

Exclusive breastfeeding plays a crucial role in reducing neonatal mortality rates, preventing growth disorders, and enhancing immunological resilience. However, adherence to exclusive breastfeeding practices remains below the targeted level. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal characteristics, knowledge, and family support with the success of exclusive breastfeeding in infants. A cross-sectional design was used, conducted at the UPTD Sawang Health Center, South Aceh Regency, during February–March 2025. The population consisted of all mothers with infants aged 7–12 months visiting the health center, totaling 120 individuals. A sample of 97 respondents was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, followed by data processing that included response completeness checks, variable coding, and data entry. Data analysis comprised univariate analysis to present the frequency distribution of maternal characteristics and knowledge, and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square (χ²) test with a significance level of α=0.05 to test the hypotheses. The results showed that maternal employment was significantly associated with the success of exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.001), whereas maternal education (p = 0.566), income (p = 0.915), maternal knowledge (p = 0.351), and family support (p = 0.252) were not significantly related. In conclusion, maternal employment has a significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding success

This study examines the application of material criminal law and the judge's legal considerations in two corruption cases: Central Jakarta District Court Decisions No. 3/Pid.Sus-TPK/2025/PN Jkt.Pst. and No. 21/Pid.Sus-TPK/2025/PN Jkt.Pst. Conducted within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, the research uses literature review methods, including laws, court decisions, and related legal literature. The study adopts a descriptive approach to analyze and present findings. Results indicate differing views between the public prosecutor and the panel of judges. The Public Prosecutor believes the defendant is proven guilty under Article 2(1) of Law No. 31/1999 on the Eradication of Corruption (amended by Law No. 20/2001), in conjunction with Article 55(1) of the Criminal Code, Law No. 46/2009 on the Corruption Court, and Law No. 8/1981 on Criminal Procedure. However, a dissenting opinion emerged among the judges. One judge disagreed with the majority, arguing that Judex Facti incorrectly applied the law. The judge emphasized that in cases with alternative charges, the court must evaluate all charges collectively rather than selectively, as in subsidiary charges. Therefore, the judge believed that the charge meeting the legal elements revealed in court should be selected based on comprehensive evaluation. This dissent highlights the legal complexity and interpretive challenges in corruption trials under Indonesian law.

Criminal law aims to maintain order and justice in society through the criminalization of criminals. One form of serious crime is the crime of murder, which is expressly regulated in the Criminal Code. This crime is a serious concern given the high impact it causes, especially when it is committed repeatedly or by a rwsidivis. The recidivism case of murder contained in Decision Number 7/Pid.B/2023/Pn Kla shows the complexity in the criminal sentencing process. The defendant had previously been convicted in a murder case, but returned to commit a similar crime shortly after his sentence. The prosecutor demanded a sentence of 15 years in prison, and the judge ruled in accordance with article 338 of the Criminal Code without applying the criminal burden as stipulated in the provisions on recidivism. This raises questions related to the basis of judge's consideration and its relevance to the purpose of criminal law, especially in providing a deterrent and justice effect for the community. The problem in this study is what is the basis for the judge's consideration in imposing a criminal sentence on a recidivist for the crime of murder, and whether the verdict has fulfilled the purpose of sentencing a recidivist perpetrator of the crime of murder.

This study aims to analyze the values of cleanliness in the hadith through a thematic hadith study (maudhū‘ī) approach and to examine their implementation in community behavior using Saldaña’s Grounded Theory method. Relevant hadiths about cleanliness are collected from various primary hadith sources to gain a comprehensive understanding and are then connected with field observations. Data were analyzed through the stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings reveal that patterns of cleanliness behavior in the community can be classified into individual behavior, collective practices, and community-based initiatives. The resulting substantive theory indicates that concern for environmental cleanliness reflects the quality of communal faith. This study is expected to contribute to the development of thematic da’wah based on hadith values that are relevant and applicable in today’s social context.

The development of modern Muslim fashion has significantly transformed the way Muslims express their identity, especially in Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population. However, the growing popularity of “modest wear” fashion does not always align with Islamic principles as taught in the Hadiths. This study aims to explore the Islamic dress code based on thematic Hadith analysis (maudhū’ī), identify core dressing principles in Islam, and evaluate their implementation within the modern Muslim fashion culture. This research applies a qualitative method through library research, employing the thematic approach to collect and analyze Prophetic traditions related to clothing. The findings reveal that Islamic principles of dress include covering the ‘awrah (private parts), avoiding excessive adornment (tabarruj), refraining from imitating the opposite gender or non-Muslim cultures, and upholding modesty and dignity. These hadiths offer ethical guidance that is not only normative but also practical in the modern socio-cultural context. The study concludes that modern Muslim fashion can serve as an effective medium for visual da'wah if it remains aligned with Hadith-based values. The synergy between religious principles and creative design can form a relevant and dignified Islamic lifestyle rooted in the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad saw.

The Indonesian language curriculum in elementary schools is fundamental in fostering students’ literacy skills, particularly in reading and writing narrative texts such as fables. Despite its importance, students often encounter difficulties in understanding the structural elements of fables—namely, orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. These challenges are frequently exacerbated by variations in students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles, which are not sufficiently addressed by conventional, one-size-fits-all teaching methods. This study adopts a qualitative library research approach to examine theoretical foundations and prior empirical studies related to differentiated instruction in the context of fable text learning. The findings suggest that differentiated instruction, by modifying content, process, product, and learning environment, effectively enhances students’ comprehension and performance in fable text structure. Furthermore, this approach aligns with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes learner-centered and inclusive education. Thus, differentiated instruction presents a promising pedagogical strategy for elementary school teachers in improving Indonesian language learning outcomes.

This study aims to systematically review the literature related to teamwork in the context of formal organizations, with a focus on concept mapping, identification of key factors, and remaining research gaps. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing 797 articles published in 2021-2025. The selection process was rigorous using inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by thematic coding to identify key patterns. The analysis showed that effective communication, participative leadership, and psychological safety are the main factors that shape solid teamwork and positively impact employee performance and job satisfaction. However, there were a number of organizational contexts where teamwork did not contribute significantly, indicating the need for attention to contextual factors, organizational culture and psychosocial dynamics. This study makes theoretical and practical contributions to designing evidence-based organizational interventions to sustainably improve teamwork effectiveness.

Indonesia is a country that prioritizes law. This has been explained explicitly in the 1945 Constitution. Criminal law in Indonesia is one of the main guidelines in realizing justice. An act is constituted as a crime and formulated in law if the act is assessed by the legislator as an act that endangers a legal interest. By establishing a prohibition against committing an act accompanied by criminal threats/sanctions for anyone who violates it, it means that the law has provided legal protection for these legal interests. In this problem, the researcher focuses on questions and legal objectives regarding legal protection for victims in cases of sibling murder, namely as follows: 1. What are the factors that cause serious abuse based on case number 720/Pid.B/2023/PN Lbp? 2. What is the criminal responsibility for perpetrators in cases of serious abuse based on case number 720/Pid.B/2023/PN Lbp. Research is the most important part of the entire series of activities for writing a scientific work, because to answer the main research problem, the object of the problem described in the problem formulation will be answered. The research location is a place or area where the research will be carried out. The location of this research is the Lubuk Pakam Class I-A District Court located at Jalan Jendral Sudirman No. 58 Lubuk Pakam, Postal Code: 20512, Tel/Fax: (061) 7955861, North Sumatra. Serious maltreatment is an act of violence that is carried out intentionally and results in serious physical injury or even death to another individual. Cases like this not only harm physically, but also emotionally and psychologically for the victims and society in general. An appropriate and effective legal process in handling cases of serious abuse is important to uphold justice, provide protection to victims, and prevent future violence.

This article discusses the Cancellation of Grants by Parents to Children Based on a case study of decision Number 100/Pdt.G/2024/PN Skt., this study analyzes the legal consequences of the cancellation of grants made between parents and their biological children. A grant is a type of unilateral agreement that is free and basically cannot be canceled, except under certain conditions as regulated in Article 1688 of the Civil Code and Article 212 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. If related to the problems in the decision, then Ms. Mar Intan gave a grant to her child, R Akun Rumawas, through a valid notary deed. However, the problem arose when there was an alleged intervention by a third party, namely (Mrs. Handariningsih) who influenced the free will of the grantor, causing the agreement to be flawed. The normative legal method and qualitative approach were used in this study. Court decisions were evaluated using qualitative methods. This study shows that intervention by a third party that causes a discrepancy in will can be a reason for the court to cancel a grant, even though the grant was made according to procedure. This result emphasizes how important it is to maintain the will of freedom in providing grants in accordance with legal regulations in every legal act of grants to ensure justice and legal stability so that it can provide certainty, justice and legal benefits for the community.

Various jurisdictions including Indonesia, inheritance disputes often involve complex interactions between cultural, religious, and legal systems. The role of the notary as a facilitator of disputes outside the court by prioritizing legal principles and the notary code of ethics. Succession disputes have triggered conflicts among heirs that have been prolonged through court proceedings. Notaries act as facilitators utilizing legal expertise to explain the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved, by encouraging the creation of a transparent communication and mediation atmosphere. The method used is an empirical method with a qualitative approach method. This research aims to examine how notaries play a role in facilitating dispute resolution, and convey the obstacles faced by notaries. This research emphasizes the role of notaries in ensuring that inheritance disputes are resolved peacefully and fairly. However, there are obstacles in ensuring fairness and preventing overlap in regulations. Strengthening understanding of the code of ethics and understanding of the rules is needed to support the performance of notaries in these situations.

Social media has become one of the main media for distributing various advertising content in today's digital era. However, the spread of advertising content on social media also brings new challenges. Social media, especially TikTok, has a high virality rate, which means that content can spread quickly, both positively and negatively. The TikTok account @ngobrolsantaiindonesia uploaded a promotional advertisement for Borobudur Temple. The entire narrative in the advertising content openly alludes to other religions, namely Islam. This study uses a research approach in the form of a literature study or can be called library research. Indonesia has guidelines that must be respected, namely the Indonesian Advertising Ethics or abbreviated as EPI. The EPI contains a system of values ​​and integrated guidelines for manners (code of conducts) and procedures (code of practices) that apply to all advertising actors in Indonesia. According to the Indonesian Advertising Ethics, advertisements must be honest, correct, and responsible. It was concluded that the violation committed by the TikTok account @ngobrolsantaiindonesia was offending SARA, more specifically other religions.

The phenomenon of homelessness and begging in public places remains a complex social problem and has an impact on public disclosure and legal norms. The main problem in this study is how the criminal law against homelessness and begging in public places, and how the calculation of its provisions in the old Criminal Code and the new Criminal Code based on Law Number 1 of 2023. This study uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory-statutory approach and literature study. In the old Criminal Code, the act of begging is regulated in Article 504 which threatens imprisonment for anyone who begs in public. Meanwhile, the new Criminal Code regulates similar acts in Article 425 which no longer uses the term "begging" explicitly, but regulates the prohibition against the repeated exploitation of certain activities in public places that disturb the community. The results of the study show that despite substantial continuity, the new Criminal Code tends to use a more humanistic approach and emphasizes social rehabilitation. Law enforcement against homelessness and begging still faces various obstacles such as low public reporting, limited supervision by officials, and minimal rehabilitation facilities. Therefore, the main conclusion of this study is that a repressive approach alone is insufficiently effective. An integrated legal strategy is needed, combining penal and non-penal approaches, with the active involvement of the government, the community, and social institutions.

Advances in technology and computers are utilized in various fields of contemporary applications, especially in cryptography and data security in graph theory applications. By understanding the concepts of graph theory, researchers and developers can design cryptographic algorithms that are stronger, more efficient and resistant to attacks. One of the cryptographic applications that has been implemented is the XNOR algorithm. This algorithm has been applied to encryption and decryption as well as the use of stream ciphers. By using 64 bits, the XNOR algorithm can expand encryption and decryption capabilities and increase the security of encrypted data. In this research, an analysis was carried out regarding information encryption and decryption algorithms with the application and development of the XNOR gate logic circuit method in Boolean algebra and graph theory. This research uses the example of the word MATH, which can be changed into a code or password and vice versa to secure information that you want to keep secret. Apart from that, an analysis of the graph formation of each character in the word MATH was also carried out using Python which produced semi-Euler and Hamilton graphs