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Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in the world, contributing significantly to state revenue and improving people's welfare. The tourism industry has grown rapidly in recent decades, with the number of international tourists continuing to increase. The general objective of this study is to develop a deeper knowledge and understanding of the impact of uncontrolled tourism on the sacredness of Bali's nature and culture, as well as strategies for developing sustainable tourism in Bali. The type of research used by the author in examining the problems in this study is normative juridical research. The conclusion of this study is a legal review of the protection of natural and cultural heritage in Bali Province is regulated in several laws and regulations such as Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems. In addition, cultural protection in Bali has also been regulated in several laws and regulations such as Law No. 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage. This legal review will also discuss the implementation of laws and regulations related to the protection of natural and cultural heritage in Bali. The Bali provincial government's policy on the protection of natural and cultural heritage, namely the policy on the protection of natural heritage is regulated in the Governor's Regulation or Pergub No. These include Law No. 97 of 2018 concerning the Limitation of Single-Use Plastic Waste, Governor Regulation No. 45 of 2019 concerning Bali Clean Energy, Governor Regulation No. 48 of 2019 concerning the Use of Battery-Based Electric Motorized Vehicles, and Governor Regulation No. 8 of 2019 concerning Organic Farming Systems. Cultural heritage protection policies are regulated by Law No. 10 of 2010 concerning Tourism, Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2023 concerning the Bali Provincial Spatial Plan (RTRWP), the Designation of Cultural Heritage Areas in Bali, such as Ulun Danu Batur Temple and Lake Batur, the Subak Cultural Landscape and Temples in the Pakerisan Watershed, and others.

Public Financial Management (PFM) is a critical element of good governance, transparency, and accountability, with direct implications for education and youth development. Despite its significance, research on PFM in these sectors remains fragmented, limiting a holistic understanding of its impact. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize existing scholarship on PFM in education and youth affairs, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search across Scopus and Web of Science identified peer-reviewed studies addressing financial governance, budgeting practices, accountability mechanisms, and financial literacy programs. The findings reveal that effective PFM contributes to improved educational outcomes by enhancing financial literacy, ensuring timely budget disbursement, promoting student savings, and enabling equitable access to financial education. Conversely, persistent challenges such as delays in fund allocation, weak accountability, and disparities in program implementation continue to hinder progress. The review also highlights the broader implications of SLRs in advancing curriculum innovation, guiding evidence-based policymaking, and strengthening accountability frameworks in education finance. This study contributes to both theory and practice by offering an integrated synthesis of PFM in education and youth affairs, identifying critical research gaps, and providing recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. The results underscore the importance of embedding financial literacy into school curricula, adopting performance-based budgeting, and fostering collaboration between researchers and policymakers. Ultimately, strengthening PFM in education not only enhances institutional efficiency but also equips youth with the financial skills and opportunities required for sustainable social and economic development The findings from this review contribute to the ongoing discourse on PFM by offering an integrated synthesis of current knowledge. The study not only uncovers critical research gaps but also provides actionable recommendations for both policymakers and practitioners.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal protection provided to MSMEs through Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, and the role of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) in upholding justice in the digital sector. This research uses a normative legal approach with an analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that various obstacles remain in the implementation of legal protection for MSMEs, ranging from low digital literacy to the imbalance of power between MSMEs and large digital platforms. Therefore, regulatory strengthening and policy reform are needed that are responsive and pro-MSME to create a fair, inclusive, and sustainable digital business ecosystem.

This study aims to analyze the effect of school principals' transformational leadership on the performance of ICT teachers in implementing digital learning at SMAN XYZ, specifically examining how four dimensions of transformational leadership Influence teacher motivation, creativity, and innovation in technology integration. This quantitative research employed an explanatory correlational design with 20 ICT teachers as respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires adapted from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) by Bass and Avolio (1994) for transformational leadership and the TPACK framework by Koehler and Mishra (2009) for teacher performance. Simple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 25 to test the research hypothesis. Results demonstrate that transformational leadership significantly and positively influences ICT teacher performance (β = 0.672, p = 0.003 < 0.05), explaining 67.2% of performance variance. The principal's transformational leadership scored highly (4.3/5), with individualized consideration contributing most significantly to teacher performance. ICT teacher performance reached a high category (4.1/5), with the most substantial achievement in technology-based lesson planning, although challenges remain in independent digital content development and innovative assessment methods. Theoretically, this research strengthens transformational leadership Theory in digital Education contexts and supports the TPACK framework's emphasis on leadership support for technology integration. Practically, findings guide principals to optimize transformational leadership through enhanced mentoring, professional development programs, and the creation of an innovation culture. The study offers an empirical foundation for educational policymakers to develop school leadership training programs focused on digital transformation, while highlighting the importance of individualized consideration in supporting teacher technology competency development.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nutritious Meal Program as a public service policy in enhancing the academic achievement of elementary school students in Wonopringgo District. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation across 19 educational institutions participating in the program. Findings reveal that the program has a significant positive impact on students’ nutritional status, learning motivation, and overall academic performance. Improvements were observed in student concentration, attendance, and classroom participation, indicating a direct link between adequate nutrition and cognitive development. Despite these positive outcomes, several challenges were identified. Issues such as delayed meal distribution, inconsistency in the quality and variety of menus, and limited coordination among stakeholders hinder the program’s optimal implementation. Furthermore, the engagement of parents and community members, while beneficial, was found to be uneven across schools, highlighting the need for stronger collaboration mechanisms. The study identifies three key factors that determine the success of the program: the quality of services provided, the managerial capacity of schools to coordinate and monitor implementation, and active participation from both parents and school committees. To address existing barriers, the research recommends enhancing cross-sectoral collaboration among government agencies, improving managerial competence at the school level, and establishing participatory evaluation systems. These measures would ensure program sustainability, responsiveness to local needs, and greater accountability. Overall, the Nutritious Meal Program demonstrates the potential of inclusive and collaborative public service policies in fostering both student well-being and academic achievement. It reflects a practical example of how government-community partnerships can contribute to creating a healthy, equitable, and sustainable educational ecosystem.

This research was conducted in Curahmalang Village, Rambipuji District, with the aim of determining how the Family Hope Program (PKH) policy is implemented in improving the welfare of beneficiary families (KPM). PKH, as one of the conditional social assistance programs designed by the government, plays a strategic role in poverty alleviation efforts, so it is important to assess the extent to which this policy is effective at the village level. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with policy implementation indicators referring to the George C. Edward III model, which includes aspects of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Research data were obtained through primary and secondary data using data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that PKH implementation in Curahmalang Village was influenced by these four factors. From the communication aspect, information delivery, clarity, and consistency of communication were considered quite good due to the role of facilitators in bridging the government with beneficiaries. In terms of resources, the availability of facilitators and information was adequate, but the utilization of facilities, especially health facilities, was not fully optimal because some beneficiaries did not utilize them according to their needs. The disposition aspect shows that the implementer's attitude and compliance towards Beneficiary Families (KPM) are relatively good, although some participants are still less committed to fulfilling program obligations. Meanwhile, in the aspect of bureaucratic structure, weaknesses were found, particularly in terms of coordination and cooperation between PKH facilitators and the village government, which has not been running optimally, thus impacting the effectiveness of work patterns.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of digitalization policy in tax administration through e-Invoice, e-SKP, and e-Bupot systems on tax compliance in manufacturing industry companies, as well as to identify determinants of its effectiveness in enhancing compliance behavior in the era of digital transformation. A descriptive narrative literature review approach was employed, drawing on 52 articles published between 2014 and 2024 from international academic databases such as Google Scholar, ProQuest, and JSTOR. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify recurring patterns and theoretical connections related to digital tax administration and compliance in the manufacturing sector. The findings indicate that digitalization of tax administration has a significant positive impact on compliance, with compliance rates increasing by 42% and non-compliance decreasing from 28% to 12%. Five main pathways were identified: efficiency pathway, transparency pathway, integration pathway, technology acceptance pathway, and trust pathway. These pathways highlight how digital platforms streamline processes, strengthen accountability, facilitate data integration, improve user adoption, and enhance trust between taxpayers and authorities. Furthermore, digital literacy and infrastructure readiness emerged as critical moderators. Companies with high levels of digital literacy experienced a 58% improvement in compliance, whereas those with limited capabilities showed only a 23% increase. Theoretically, the study contributes to the development of a Digital Tax Compliance Model that integrates the Technology Acceptance Model with Tax Compliance Theory, offering a comprehensive framework to explain the complex interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors in the success of digital transformation. Practically, the results provide valuable insights for policymakers and tax authorities in designing responsive strategies that strengthen compliance in the manufacturing industry through sustainable digitalization initiatives.

This study aims to explore the implementation of the 12-Year Compulsory Learning policy in Kaimana Regency, West Papua, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities faced by the Finance Section of the Education, Youth, and Sports Office in managing the education budget. This study also examines how budget management and allocation of education funds can improve access and quality of education in the area, as well as the role of coordination between local governments, schools, and communities. A qualitative approach with a case study design was used in this study to collect data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results of the study show that despite efforts to improve performance-based budget management, limited infrastructure and human resources remain the main challenges in the implementation of education policies. Weak coordination between stakeholders, as well as active community involvement, are important factors influencing the success of the 12-Year Compulsory Learning policy. This study recommends increasing the capacity of human resources, allocating more equitable budgets, and strengthening collaboration between local governments, schools, and communities to increase the effectiveness of these policies. Thus, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the implementation of education policies in remote areas and proposes practical solutions to address existing challenges. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of transparency and accountability in education budget management as an effort to build public trust and ensure that available funds are truly used to support improvements in education quality. In the context of Kaimana Regency, which faces geographical challenges and limited access, a participatory oversight mechanism involving the community and independent oversight institutions is key to ensuring that budget allocations are not only on target but also capable of driving real change on the ground.

Stunting remains a significant health problem in rural areas, particularly due to the lack of father involvement in child care. The “Bapakku Hebat” program initiated by the Omben Health Center emerged as a breakthrough to strengthen the role of fathers in stunting prevention efforts through family health posts. This study adopted a qualitative descriptive approach to investigate the implementation, effects, and barriers of the program. The research findings indicated an increase in father involvement in health post activities, nutrition counseling, and child health monitoring. The program successfully reduced the prevalence of stunting risk by 10% in a year by increasing health post coverage and changing family behavior in providing nutrition. Key driving factors included inter-sectoral collaboration with village governments, health cadres, and farming communities that strengthened social networks and local resources. However, challenges remain, such as budget constraints, a lack of male cadres, and the influence of cultural norms that consider childcare as a woman’s responsibility. The “Bapakku Hebat” program shows that active father involvement can increase family awareness of the importance of fulfilling children’s nutrition. These findings emphasize the importance of gender-sensitive family health policies and cross-sectoral support to ensure the sustainability of the program. This research is expected to be a reference for other regions in implementing similar innovations to reduce the prevalence of stunting and improve the quality of child care. Furthermore, the success of the "My Great Father" program also demonstrates the importance of a community-based approach in public health interventions. The direct involvement of community leaders, religious leaders, and farmer groups in the program's outreach and implementation has proven effective in building a sense of ownership and increasing active community participation, particularly among fathers.

This study aims to determine the village government's efforts to encourage community participation in development in Mario Village, Tanasitolo District, Wajo Regency, and to identify inhibiting and influencing factors in the implementation of these efforts. Community participation is considered a crucial element in sustainable village development, as without active involvement from residents, development programs are difficult to achieve optimal results. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. This approach allows the researcher to capture in-depth insights and perspectives directly from the community and village officials. This method allows the data obtained to more comprehensively describe the dynamics of community participation and the strategies implemented by the village government. The results show that the village government has implemented various efforts to encourage community participation, including through village deliberations, mutual cooperation activities, and community service. Community involvement was encouraged through collective decision-making and shared responsibilities in development programs. These efforts have generally had a positive impact on community involvement. However, the study also found inhibiting factors, particularly the community's economic limitations that affect their ability to participate in development. Furthermore, some residents still face challenges in terms of awareness and understanding of the importance of active participation. Therefore, more inclusive strategies oriented towards the socio-economic conditions of the local community are needed. Inclusive policies and adaptive strategies are essential to fostering sustainable rural development. This research is expected to serve as a reference for village governments and other stakeholders in formulating more effective policies, so that village development can proceed effectively, sustainably, and truly benefit all levels of society.  

This study aims to examine the implications of Minister of Finance Regulation (PMK) Number 37 of 2025 on the national fiscal balance and the resilience of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the context of the rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia. This PMK introduces a collect at the source mechanism, which is the appointment of certain marketplaces as collectors of Income Tax (PPh) Article 22 on online merchant transactions. This policy is seen as one of the strategic steps to expand the digital tax base, improve fiscal efficiency, and support the principle of compliance by design. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through documentation studies of official government documents, academic literature, and relevant publications. The results of the study show that the implementation of PMK 37/2025 has the potential to have a positive impact on state revenue through digital taxation optimization. In addition, this policy can strengthen the fiscal balance by minimizing the potential for tax avoidance in the growing digital economy sector. However, on the other hand, the policy also poses a number of challenges for MSMEs, especially related to administrative readiness, limited fiscal literacy, and adaptability to the tax digitalization system. For most MSMEs, additional tax liabilities can be a burden that affects cash flow, competitiveness, and business sustainability, especially for MSMEs that are still in the growth stage and have limited resources. The policy implications identified include the importance of improving fiscal education and literacy programs, the development of user-friendly digital reporting systems, and active collaboration between fiscal authorities, marketplaces, and MSME actors. Thus, the success of the implementation of PMK 37/2025 is not only determined by regulations, but also by the extent to which the policy is able to be implemented in an inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable manner in supporting national economic development.

This study aims to analyze how internal strategies and external challenges can influence the achievement of Regional Original Revenue targets at the Laboratory Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of the Public Works and Public Housing Agency (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat) of Cilacap Regency. The research object is the performance of the Laboratory Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD), a technical unit providing construction material testing services, which directly contributes to Regional Original Revenue in Cilacap Regency. The qualitative approach employed a case study method, and data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and documentation. The sample in this study was obtained purposively. The results indicate that internal strategies focused on superior testing methods such as core drilling, abrasion, and concrete compressive strength have been conducted. However, limited equipment, human resources, and the lack of accreditation are major obstacles. On the other hand, external challenges include the lack of updated Regional Regulation tariff regulations, the absence of formal obligations for the use of laboratory services for regional budget projects, and a saturated local market. These findings provide important implications for the Laboratory Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) in emphasizing policy revisions, increasing internal capacity, and strengthening inter-agency coordination to increase Regional Original Revenue realization.

In the era of digital transformation, public bureaucracies face increasingly complex demands to become more adaptive, responsive, and efficient in meeting evolving public expectations. This change is increasingly crucial in newly autonomous regions such as Southwest Papua Province, which are building their governance systems from scratch. This research aims to examine the implementation of Agile Governance in accelerating public services, specifically by examining the extent to which agile principles such as flexibility, cross-actor collaboration, and continuous iteration have been applied within the regional bureaucracy. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a desk study method based on secondary data sourced from policy documents, institutional reports, relevant regulations, and the latest scientific literature. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to identify themes, patterns, and gaps in policy implementation. The results indicate that the implementation of Agile Governance in Southwest Papua remains limited, partial, and has not been systematically integrated into the regional bureaucratic framework. Current efforts to digitize public services emphasize technical aspects, but are not supported by adequate regulations, robust digital infrastructure, or strengthened human resource capacity. This results in the implementation of agile principles such as transparency, adaptability, and collaboration not being fully reflected in bureaucratic practices. This study concludes that the successful implementation of Agile Governance requires comprehensive institutional transformation, increased adaptive capacity of the apparatus, and contextualized governance design tailored to the needs of the new autonomous region. The study's contribution is to provide an empirical and conceptual foundation for promoting bureaucratic reform in Southwest Papua while enriching academic literature in the field of adaptive public administration, particularly within the framework of digital and agile governance.

This study aims to identify and analyze the leadership style of the Cilampunghilir Village Head in implementing village governance. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively, including the village head, village secretary, village officials, hamlet heads, and relevant community leaders. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the village head's leadership style tends to be democratic and participatory. The village head emphasizes collective decision-making by prioritizing consensus through deliberation and encouraging citizen involvement in every step of governance. In decision-making, the village head strives to involve the wider community so that policy outcomes are well-received. In terms of motivation, the village head actively provides encouragement, rewards, and builds reciprocal cooperation with village officials and residents. He recognizes the importance of appreciation and trust in order to build a cooperative work environment. Furthermore, in communication, the village head is known for being open, accessible, and willing to listen to the aspirations of villagers. In terms of controlling subordinates, the village head provides clear direction, delegates tasks according to competence, and enforces discipline to ensure the smooth implementation of village programs. This indicates a leadership style that balances authority with empowerment. However, the study also identified several weaknesses, including a lack of representation of marginalized groups, low frequency of outreach activities, and unequal access to information. Therefore, it is recommended that deliberation forums be strengthened with a more inclusive approach, diversified outreach methods through the use of digital channels, and increased transparency be implemented to optimize village governance.

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency, implemented by the Communication and Informatics Office (Diskominfo). This program is part of the local government's digital transformation to create a smart, inclusive, and adaptive society to the development of information technology. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, and data is obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The analysis is conducted using Charles O. Jones's theory of public policy implementation, which includes three main components: organization, interpretation, and implementation. The results show that organizationally, Diskominfo has a supportive structure and relatively competent human resources, although there are still limitations in the mastery of digital technology among employees. From an interpretation perspective, the digital literacy strategy is implemented through public education, hoax prevention, digital content provision, and social media utilization. Meanwhile, in terms of implementation, supervision is carried out through monitoring, regular reporting, the use of digital applications, and evaluation forums. Some obstacles faced include budget limitations, the digital divide between regions, uneven technological infrastructure, and the lack of specific evaluation indicators. Nevertheless, improvement efforts continue through human resource training, optimization of digital facilities and infrastructure, and cross-sector synergy. This study concludes that the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency has been quite successful, but still requires strengthening human resources, evaluation policies, and equitable digital access in rural areas.

This study employs a qualitative library research method with the primary objective of analyzing the effectiveness of development administration in the management of regional budgets to support local economic development. Development administration is a crucial component in the governance process, encompassing the planning, organizing, directing, and supervising of budget utilization to ensure that resources are allocated in a targeted, efficient, and sustainable manner. Within the context of local governments, the effectiveness of budget management is considered a key indicator of the success of regional development, as it directly reflects the ability of local authorities to implement policies that foster equitable and inclusive growth. The data for this study were obtained from various scientific literature sources, including academic journals, textbooks, and relevant government policy documents addressing budgeting and regional development. The findings of the analysis highlight that successful budget management is strongly influenced by bureaucratic capacity, particularly in terms of administrative competence, professional integrity, and institutional stability. Furthermore, transparency in budget planning processes plays a significant role in building public trust and preventing misallocation of resources. Equally important is the participation of the community in monitoring and evaluating budget implementation, which ensures accountability and responsiveness to public needs. In addition, synergy between legislative and executive bodies is identified as a determining factor in strengthening checks and balances, thereby enhancing the accountability of public fund management. The study concludes that effective development administration not only supports efficient allocation of financial resources but also contributes to accelerating local economic growth, reducing social inequality, and improving community welfare. Ultimately, this research is expected to provide valuable insights and serve as a reference for local governments in formulating strategies for more optimal, transparent, and participatory budget management practices

This study uses the library research qualitative method to examine the effectiveness of economic incentives in encouraging the conservation of natural resources (SDA) as well as mitigating environmental damage in a sustainable manner. The background of this study is driven by the increasing environmental degradation due to uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, which is often oriented towards short-term profits without regard for ecological sustainability and community welfare. In this context, economic incentives are seen as a strategic policy instrument that is able to influence the behavior of business actors and society towards a more environmentally friendly and socially responsible activity pattern. Various forms of economic incentives were discussed including green subsidies, environmental taxes, payment for environmental services (PES) schemes, and ecolabel certification. These instruments are considered to be able to internalize the external costs of environmental damage into economic calculations, thereby providing pressure and motivation for business actors to implement more sustainable and innovative practices. Based on a review of academic literature, scientific journals, as well as national and international policies, it was found that the implementation of economic incentives has proven to be effective in increasing environmental awareness and encouraging green innovation significantly. However, the effectiveness of its implementation is highly dependent on the quality of policy governance, the level of transparency, regulatory clarity, and the active involvement of local communities. Without adequate oversight, incentives have the potential to be abused or not achieve their intended goals. Therefore, the design of economic incentive policies must be fair, measurable, and prepared with a participatory approach and based on empirical data. This study concludes that economic incentives not only function as a financial mechanism, but also as an instrument of behavior change, economic culture, and environmental innovation towards sustainability.

This study examines tourism development policies and their contribution to increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD) in Gresik Regency. The research specifically analyzes policy implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors, and their implications for local economic growth. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected from key informants within the Gresik Regency Government, including the Office of Culture, Tourism, Youth, and Sports, as well as relevant supporting agencies. Primary data were supplemented with secondary sources, and analysis was conducted using McNabb’s (2002) model, which involves data grouping, interpretation, and the formulation of generalizable insights. Findings indicate that tourism development policies in Gresik Regency focus on five key areas: designation and spatial planning of tourism zones, development of tourist attractions and supporting infrastructure, promotion of tourism activities, and business development initiatives. These policies are supported by government regulations, community involvement, improved facilities, diversified tourism destinations, and marketing strategies utilizing both online and offline media. However, several inhibiting factors were identified, including limited funding, inadequate human resources, lack of cooperation with third parties, negative public perceptions, and insufficient knowledge about tourism potential. Overall, tourism in Gresik Regency demonstrates significant potential to enhance PAD, given its diverse natural, cultural, and religious attractions. The study concludes that strengthening collaboration, improving human resource capacity, and increasing promotional efforts are essential for optimizing tourism’s contribution to sustainable regional economic development. Future research should explore quantitative measurements of tourism's economic impact to validate the qualitative findings. Additionally, implementing performance-based budgeting for tourism programs may improve resource allocation and accountability.

Manado City is an area that is vulnerable to floods and landslides, but until now the effectiveness of disaster management still faces serious challenges due to low community involvement in mitigation planning. This study aims to analyze the role of participatory planning in improving community-based disaster preparedness, with a focus on how the Manado City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD: Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah) involves the community in the process of formulating disaster strategies. Using a non-empirical qualitative approach through a literature study method, data were obtained from scientific journals, policy documents, and institutional reports that were analyzed thematically and contextually with reference to the framework of community participation and disaster risk management. The results of the study show that community involvement is still at a symbolic level, limited to the implementation stage, and has not touched the strategic planning process in a meaningful way. Lack of institutional capacity, low disaster literacy, and absence of formal participatory mechanisms are the main inhibiting factors. As a result, disaster programs are often not aligned with local needs and have an impact on low preparedness effectiveness. This study concludes that strengthening community participation in disaster planning is needed to build a more adaptive and iterative preparedness system. Theoretically, the study broadens the understanding of the relevance of participatory planning approaches in community-based disaster management, while practically, the findings provide recommendations for BPBDs and local governments to develop more collaborative and local needs-based policies as a step towards sustainable disaster resilience. 

This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of public administration and policy implementation in Indonesia from 2009 to 2025, following the PRISMA framework. Drawing on 44 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus, the review examines the impact of decentralization, digital transformation, and governance innovation on policy outcomes and administrative reform. The findings indicate that decentralization has enabled local experimentation and improved service responsiveness. However, it has also resulted in uneven policy capacity and governance disparities across regions. Sectoral implementation, especially in health, welfare, and food safety, remains inconsistent, largely due to institutional fragmentation, political interference, and capacity limitations. Although efforts to implement New Public Management (NPM) principles and digital tools have been made, bureaucratic inertia, coordination failures, and limited flexibility hinder reform progress. The rise of e-government and agile governance shows promise in enhancing efficiency and public participation. However, these advancements are still hampered by digital divides and regulatory uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic further exposed critical vulnerabilities in policy execution, underscoring the need for resilient, adaptive governance models capable of responding to unforeseen crises. This review contributes to the understanding of Indonesia’s evolving administrative landscape and offers several practical recommendations. These include strengthening intergovernmental coordination, investing in local administrative capacity, fostering participatory governance, and institutionalizing agile, collaborative practices. The study highlights the importance of integrated, inclusive, and data-driven governance to improve public sector performance and ensure democratic accountability. By focusing on these areas, Indonesia can better address the challenges of public administration and policy implementation, driving long-term sustainable development and effective governance in the country.