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This community service project aims to develop children's potential through the art of coloring as an effective educational tool to enhance social and cultural understanding. The activity was held at Jl. Binalatung, RT 11, Pantai Amal, Tarakan Timur, a coastal area that is also a border region. The background for this project is the limited access of children in this area to creative activities that could support their personal development and awareness of social and cultural diversity. A coloring competition was chosen as the approach, involving 30 participants from kindergarten to elementary school age, many of whom do not continue to formal education.Using a participatory method, children were not only invited to color but were also given an understanding of the meanings and cultural values embedded in each image. Furthermore, the activity was designed to foster a sense of togetherness, sportsmanship, and self-confidence. The results showed very high enthusiasm from the participants. They were not only able to produce beautiful artworks but also demonstrated an increased understanding of the importance of appreciating differences and cultural diversity. This report proves that the art of coloring plays a crucial role as a tool to bridge the knowledge gap and foster cultural awareness, especially for children in remote and border areas who have limited access to education and educational entertainment. Therefore, it is recommended that similar programs be continued with more varied materials to support the holistic development of children in coastal regions.

This community service project aims to develop children's potential through the art of coloring as an effective educational tool to enhance social and cultural understanding. The activity was held at Jl. Binalatung, RT 11, Pantai Amal, Tarakan Timur, a coastal area that is also a border region. The background for this project is the limited access of children in this area to creative activities that could support their personal development and awareness of social and cultural diversity. A coloring competition was chosen as the approach, involving 30 participants from kindergarten to elementary school age, many of whom do not continue to formal education.Using a participatory method, children were not only invited to color but were also given an understanding of the meanings and cultural values embedded in each image. Furthermore, the activity was designed to foster a sense of togetherness, sportsmanship, and self-confidence. The results showed very high enthusiasm from the participants. They were not only able to produce beautiful artworks but also demonstrated an increased understanding of the importance of appreciating differences and cultural diversity. This report proves that the art of coloring plays a crucial role as a tool to bridge the knowledge gap and foster cultural awareness, especially for children in remote and border areas who have limited access to education and educational entertainment. Therefore, it is recommended that similar programs be continued with more varied materials to support the holistic development of children in coastal regions.

The main objective of the Citizenship Education (PKn) course in higher education is to develop students into individuals with nationalist, participatory, and critical characters towards national dynamics. Conventional learning approaches that are still dominant in higher education, such as one-way lectures and memorization of materials, are considered less able to encourage active participation and the development of critical thinking patterns of students in the Citizenship Education (PKn) course. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the application of innovative learning methods in improving students' activeness and critical thinking skills. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with lecturers and students, and analysis of lecture documents from three study programs at Merdeka University of Malang. The results of the study showed that the application of learning strategies such as Project Based Learning, role playing, utilization of interactive multimedia, collaborative discussions, and nationality-based simulations were able to significantly increase students' participation and critical understanding. This method is relevant to the needs of learning in the era of globalization that demands digital literacy, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and contextual problem solving. Based on these findings, this study recommends the integration of innovative methods into the Civics curriculum in higher education, pedagogical training for lecturers, and the provision of technological infrastructure that supports the implementation of competency-based learning in the era of globalization.

Education functions as a central pillar in shaping the quality of human capital, encompassing knowledge, skills, and health, and thus plays a significant role in influencing Indonesia’s Human Development Index (HDI). This study employs a qualitative literature review by examining key theoretical frameworks in the economics of education, such as Becker’s Human Capital Theory and Schultz’s investment model, supported by relevant national empirical data. The findings indicate a very strong relationship between education and HDI improvement. This is reflected in a correlation coefficient of 0.943 between education expenditure and Indonesia’s HDI during the 2004–2023 period. The results suggest that an increase in education spending of IDR 1 trillion has the potential to raise the HDI by approximately 0.002 points. These findings confirm that investment in education not only enhances the quality of human resources but also directly contributes to sustainable national development. Despite the positive trend and the achievement of an HDI score of 75.02 in 2024, several challenges persist, particularly regional disparities, unequal access to education, and quality gaps between urban and rural areas. Therefore, more inclusive education policies, equitable access, and strengthened vocational education and training are essential to ensure that the benefits of human capital development are distributed evenly across all regions of Indonesia.

This study discusses the relevance and role of hybrid learning strategies as a conceptual solution to the crisis of effectiveness in traditional fiqh learning in Islamic boarding schools in the digital age. The background of this study stems from the problem of declining efficiency and interactivity of classical learning methods such as sorogan and bandongan amid technological developments that demand pedagogical innovation. This study aims to analyze theoretically how the integration of traditional pesantren values and modern learning approaches can be applied without eliminating spiritual identity and scientific sanad. The method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of the latest scientific literature on Islamic education and hybrid learning. The results show that a hybrid learning model based on synchronous and asynchronous approaches can increase flexibility, effectiveness, and student participation in the learning process, while maintaining personal relationships with teachers. The theoretical implications enrich the concept of integrating Islamic education and technology, while the practical implications offer an adaptive curriculum model for Islamic boarding schools to respond to the challenges of the digital age without abandoning Islamic values.

This research aims to analyze the role of the Special Job Exchange (BKK) in increasing the absorption of Palembang City State Vocational School alumni in the world of work. BKK is one of the units that supports the labor absorption process by connecting the world of education and the world of industry. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving primary data through in-depth interviews with BKK, alumni and collaborating companies. The research results show that BKK has a significant role in facilitating Palembang City State Vocational School alumni in obtaining employment opportunities. Apart from that, BKK also provides training and information regarding job vacancies that are relevant to the skills possessed by alumni. However, several challenges are still faced, such as a lack of certain skills needed by companies and limited collaboration networks with the industrial world. This research recommends the need to improve the quality of training and expand the cooperation network between vocational schools and the industrial world to increase the effectiveness of BKK in accelerating workforce absorption.  

The study describes the implementation of the Christian Religious Education teaching module with the theme Allah Creates Man to Manage in grade VI students of SD Negeri 1 Kereng Bangkirai. The qualitative descriptive approach applied direct observation, documentation of activities, and assessment of learning outcomes in the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains to the 11 students who attended. The teaching module is aligned with the Learning Outcomes of Phase C of the Independent Curriculum providing a directed learning structure from Genesis 2:8-15. The opening activities include greetings, prayers, praise, Bible readings, as well as students' experiential questions about nature to build a relationship between the material and everyday reality. Core activities utilize explanations, group discussions, presentations, and clipping projects with the theme of loving God's created nature that increase active participation, cooperation, and creativity of students. Assessments showed good results in all three learning domains despite constraints such as the discomfort of cross-gender discussions and the introverted nature of students; The role of teachers in creating a safe atmosphere strengthens the effectiveness of the process. Reflection confirms meaningful learning that shapes an attitude of gratitude, environmental concern, and Christian responsibility.

Empowering agricultural human resources is a strategic approach to support sustainable agricultural development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). This community service article aims to describe the implementation of an agricultural instructor empowerment training program conducted through collaboration between Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) and the Ngudi Luhur Self-Reliant Agricultural and Rural Training Center (P4S) in Blitar Regency. The activity involved approximately 50 participants consisting of agricultural instructors and local agricultural practitioners. The methods included Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and field visits to superior corn cultivation areas managed by P4S. The results indicate an increase in participants’ understanding of the importance of agricultural innovation and technology utilization to enhance productivity, supported by experiential learning through direct observation of high-yield corn fields compared to conventional practices. This program strengthens the role of agricultural instructors as innovation dissemination agents and contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals in the agricultural sector.

This community service program aimed to improve students’ understanding and awareness of digital media ethics, particularly language politeness in social media communication. The activity was conducted at a junior high school in Islamic Boarding School Al Falah. The program was designed using participatory and interactive approaches, including lectures, group discussions, role-play simulations, and pre-test and post-test evaluations. The initial findings from the pre-test indicated that most students lacked adequate understanding of ethical digital communication and tended to perceive social media as a free space without rules. After the training, the post-test results showed a significant improvement in students’ comprehension of responsible and polite communication practices in digital environments. Students demonstrated better awareness of the impacts of hate speech, cyberbullying, and misinformation. They were also able to propose constructive and ethical responses to various social media scenarios. The activity resulted in increased digital awareness, positive behavioral changes, and personal commitments from students to promote respectful communication online. This program contributes to strengthening digital literacy and character education among adolescents in rural areas.

Creative writing plays an important role in developing students’ imagination, self- expression, and language competence in the digital era. However, many learners still struggle with generating ideas, maintaining motivation, and gaining confidence in writing. This study aims to analyze how the use of Wattpad, viewed through the Social Constructivist framework, can enhance students’ creative writing skills, motivation, and confidence. This research applies a qualitative descriptive approach supported by survey data from 30 high school students who actively use Wattpad. The results show that 95.7% of respondents have used Wattpad before, with most of them using it to read and learn from other writers. A total of 60.9% of respondents stated that reading other writers’ works was the most helpful for improving their writing, while 17.4% highlighted peer comments and feedback as additional support. Despite its benefits, 43.5% of students mentioned difficulty in organizing ideas as their main challenge. Open-ended responses revealed that positive feedback and community interaction on Wattpad helped increase students’ motivation and confidence in writing. The discussion emphasizes that the social interaction and feedback features of Wattpad foster collaborative learning, aligning with Vygotsky’s concepts of scaffolding and the Zone of Proximal Development. These findings suggest that integrating Wattpad into writing instruction can effectively enhance students’ creativity, critical thinking, and confidence in producing literary works.

This study aims to enhance elementary school students’ motivation to learn English and to identify the factors contributing to their low motivation. The research is grounded in the need to prepare students for the global era, in which English proficiency is an essential skill from an early age. The study employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observations, learning outcome evaluations, and interviews with English teachers. The findings reveal that students’ low motivation is influenced by perceptions that English is difficult, the lack of engaging teaching methods, limited learning facilities, and students’ weak willingness to learn. The implemented actions—such as using songs, educational games, teaching aids, role-play activities, and interactive communication—significantly increased students’ activeness and motivation. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of introducing English at the elementary level, as ages 6–13 represent a critical period for language development. With appropriate external motivation and strong teacher support, English learning becomes more effective, enjoyable, and meaningful. This study recommends that English instruction continue to be implemented in elementary schools through creative teaching methods and sufficient learning facilities

Rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries, has worsened spatial inequality and environmental degradation, impacting vulnerable urban communities living in informal settlements with limited access to services and increased environmental risks. This study examines the role of spatial planning law in promoting social justice and environmental protection in urban areas, particularly for marginalized populations. While spatial planning laws have the potential to promote equity and sustainability, inconsistent enforcement and inadequate evaluation mechanisms reduce their effectiveness. Using a qualitative legal analysis approach, the research reviews statutory frameworks, urban planning documents, and case studies to assess the practical application of these laws. Findings show that integrating spatial planning laws with social justice and environmental sustainability principles can enhance the living conditions of vulnerable communities by ensuring equitable resource access and reducing exposure to environmental hazards. However, fragmented legal frameworks, weak enforcement, and a lack of participatory planning hinder their impact. Comparing with traditional urban planning, social justice-oriented spatial planning provides more sustainable outcomes by prioritizing equity and environmental protection. The study recommends policy reforms to strengthen law enforcement, encourage inclusive decision-making, and integrate social justice and sustainability into urban planning frameworks. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impacts and role of these laws in achieving equitable urban development.

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of students from various majors regarding the urgency of legal protection for the Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), a rare and endangered marine species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of coral reef ecosystems. This fish faces serious pressure due to overexploitation and illegal trade, thus requiring special attention from a legal and conservation perspective. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with purposive sampling technique, involving students from marine, fisheries, environmental, and legal departments. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire designed to elicit respondents' insights, level of understanding, and recommendations regarding the protection of this species. The data obtained were then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of perception and key ideas. The results showed that the majority of students considered legal protection for the Napoleon wrasse to be very urgent. They advocated for strengthening regulations, stricter law enforcement, increased surveillance in water areas, education for coastal communities, development of conservation and cultivation programs, and strengthening international cooperation. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and collaborative protection strategy to support the sustainability of marine resources.

This study aims to analyze the factors determining the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia through a literature review approach. MSMEs make a significant contribution to the national economy, but their growth still faces various structural barriers. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that access to capital, human resource quality, managerial capacity, innovation, digitalization, marketing strategies, and government policies are the main factors influencing MSME growth. Limited capital and low financial literacy are dominant obstacles that hinder business expansion. Furthermore, weak managerial capacity and digital competency prevent many MSMEs from optimally exploiting market opportunities. Innovation and the use of digital technology have been proven to increase efficiency and marketing reach, but the adoption rate remains low. External factors such as government regulations, simplified licensing, and support from empowerment programs also play a significant role in creating a conducive business climate. This study emphasizes that MSME development requires a comprehensive approach that integrates internal aspects of business actors and structural government support. The research results are expected to serve as a reference for academics, policymakers, and MSME actors in formulating more effective development strategies.

This study aims to examine the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming Buddhist Sunday School education at the Shimakalingga Temple in Jepara in the digital era. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that AI technology is beginning to be utilized in the learning process, such as the use of interactive visual media, Dharma quiz applications, and digital platforms for distance learning. The use of AI has been proven to increase student interest and understanding of Buddhist teachings, as well as support more inclusive and adaptive learning. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, lack of teacher training, and the need for ethical guidelines for the use of AI in the context of religious education. This study concludes that AI plays a significant role in supporting the transformation of Buddhist education, but its use must remain balanced with spiritual values and the role of teachers as moral guides. Therefore, collaboration between the temple, educators, and technology is needed to create a sustainable learning system based on Dharma values.

This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to provide direct socialization and mentoring to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) actors in Biring Ere Village to enhance the quality and sustainability of their businesses. MSMEs play a vital role in the village economy as drivers of local economic growth and employment. However, various obstacles such as limited access to capital, low quality of human resources, restricted market access, lack of product innovation, and weak business management remain major barriers. This community service activity was conducted through interactive socialization methods, skills training, direct mentoring, and focused group discussions involving MSME actors, village heads, village officials, and the general community. The materials presented included business development strategies, basic financial management, product marketing techniques, product innovation and diversification, and access to capital. The results demonstrated increased understanding among MSME actors regarding business development strategies, heightened motivation to innovate, formation of collaborative business groups, and enhanced awareness of the importance of sound business management. This program has had a significant impact on empowering the community's economy and strengthening the capacity of MSME actors in Biring Ere Village to face global economic challenges.

This study examines the role of social media as an arena for contemporary spiritual warfare and its impact on Christian spirituality, particularly in the context of increasing digital misinformation. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to identify patterns of religious misinformation dissemination and its impact on doctrinal understanding, worship practices, and the faith identity of the congregation. The findings indicate that exposure to misinformation negatively affects the depth of spiritual practices, increases theological confusion, and creates "alternative authorities" promoted by digital influencers. Additionally, the lack of spiritual media literacy and the church's unpreparedness to serve in the digital space exacerbate the vulnerability of the congregation. This study concludes that the digital space has become a significant battlefield for spiritual warfare, requiring theological, pastoral responses, and enhanced integrated media literacy. Therefore, it is recommended to develop theology-based media literacy, provide training for digital leaders, and create contextual, evidence-based church content strategies to strengthen the spiritual resilience of the congregation in facing misinformation in the digital world.

The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the strategic role of freight forwarding and delivery service companies in maintaining the efficiency of supply chains. However, the increasing complexity of delivery processes also raises various operational risks, such as package damage, loss, delivery delays, and distribution errors. This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk management in freight forwarding companies operating in Brebes Regency and to assess the effectiveness of the risk management practices applied. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, involving company management, operational staff, couriers, and customer service personnel. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and supported by average risk score analysis. The results show that most aspects of risk management fall into the high and very good categories, with an overall average score of 3.89. This indicates that the company has implemented risk management effectively, particularly in incident evaluation, risk measurement, and cooperation with insurance providers. Nevertheless, improvements are still needed in reducing the frequency of operational risks and enhancing the use of digital technology for risk monitoring to ensure a more comprehensive and sustainable risk management system.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was conducted with the primary objective of enhancing understanding, awareness, and skills among youth in Parangloe District in preventing drug abuse. Drug abuse has become one of the greatest threats to the development of young generations in Indonesia, including in Parangloe District, which has begun to show indicators of increasing risk. This activity focused on education-based prevention efforts and youth empowerment through a peer educator approach, whereby youth were trained to become agents capable of disseminating information and positive influence within their communities. The program was implemented through a series of socialization sessions, seminars, interactive discussions, and peer youth training. The materials provided covered understanding various types of drugs, causal factors of abuse, health impacts, social and legal consequences, and prevention strategies applicable at the family, school, and community levels. The results demonstrated increased participant knowledge, formation of Peer Youth Groups Concerned with Anti-Drug Efforts, and growing commitment to undertake sustainable prevention measures. This PKM activity had a significant impact on strengthening social resilience in Parangloe District and building an active role for youth as pioneers of the anti-drug movement.

This community service program was initiated in response to the need to strengthen collaboration between parents and schools in fostering character development and noble morals among elementary school students. The main issue addressed was the lack of structured and sustainable educational collaboration between parents and the school in supporting character-building practices. The program aimed to develop a participatory and reflective collaboration model through a systematic parenting initiative. A qualitative participatory approach based on community engagement was employed, consisting of needs assessment, joint discussion and planning, parenting program design, workshops and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), mentoring and monitoring, as well as evaluation and reflection. The results highlight significant improvements in two-way communication between parents and teachers, increased collective awareness of the family’s strategic role in character education, and the establishment of a regular communication forum as a new social structure within the school community. Positive changes were also observed in parenting practices, including the implementation of positive discipline and empathetic communication at home aligned with school values. The emergence of local parent leaders further strengthened program sustainability. Overall, the participatory educational collaboration model proved effective in promoting social transformation and reinforcing sustainable character and moral development among students.