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Musical modality, professionalism, and work quality in everyday musical practice constitute the main analytical framework of this study. This research departs from the view that musical professions are often reduced to hobby-based activities, whereas in practice they involve work strategies, professional attitudes, and negotiation between artistic idealism and market demands. This study employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with two musicians in the city of Solo, Aditya Ong and Indra Permana, who represent different backgrounds, professional roles, and musical orientations. The findings indicate that modality comprising experience, musical skills, and professional networks forms the foundation of musicians’ professionalism. Professionalism is reflected not only in technical competence, but also in work ethics, responsibility, and the ability to position oneself within various musical work contexts. Work quality is not understood normatively as good or bad, but as the outcome of how musicians manage their modality and professionalism in specific working situations. This study concludes that musical practice in Solo is shaped through continuous negotiation between artistic orientation, market demands, and the pursuit of livelihood stability. Musical modality, professionalism, and work quality are interconnected in forming musicians’ strategies to sustain their musical practices amid the dynamics of the local music industry.

This study aims to analyze consumer purchasing behavior on e-commerce platforms using the Decision Tree algorithm as an easily interpretable classification method. The dataset used consists of 12,330 transaction records with 18 attributes representing visitor characteristics and user activities during interactions with the e-commerce platform. The research stages include data exploration to identify initial patterns, data preprocessing to handle missing values and class imbalance, splitting the data into training and testing sets, training the Decision Tree model, evaluating model performance, and visualizing the tree structure to analyze decision rules.The test results show that the Decision Tree model with a maximum depth of 3 achieves fairly good performance, with an average accuracy of 89.78%, precision of 69.82%, recall of 59.95%, and an F1-score of 64.51% for the buyer class. The visualization of the decision tree provides clear interpretation of the main attributes influencing purchasing decisions, thereby facilitating understanding for non-technical decision makers. Overall, this study demonstrates that the Decision Tree method is effective in modeling consumer purchasing behavior in e-commerce and can be utilized as a basis for data-driven business decision making, particularly in marketing strategies and improving sales conversion rates.

Butgeting is an important instrument in managing retail businesses such as Toko Harapan Teknik Boyolali, as it functions as a tool for planning, control, and evaluation of company performance. Budget effectiveness is influenced by both internal and external factors of the organization. This study aims to analyze the effect of company performance and environmental uncertainty on budget effectiveness at Toko Harapan Teknik Boyolali. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method by reviewing and synthesizing information from various sources, including books, scientific journals, and previous studies. The results indicate that company performance has a positive effect on budget effectiveness, as good performance supports more realistic and accurate budget preparation. In addition, environmental uncertainty, such as changes in market conditions, business competition, demand fluctuations, and economic dynamics, can hinder budget effectiviness. Simultaneously company performance and environmental uncertainty influence the success of budgeting. Therefore, companies need to improve performance and implement flexible and adaptive budgeting systems to address environmental uncertainty.

The main problem in Longko Village is the low utilization of coconut husk waste due to limited community knowledge and processing skills, resulting in the waste being discarded or burned without economic value. This Community Service Program aimed to empower the community through innovative processing of coconut husk into environmentally friendly and marketable broom products. The program employed a participatory approach consisting of observation, socialization, technical training, mentoring, and evaluation, involving six participants from farming households and housewives. Evaluation was conducted by assessing participants’ skills and the quality of the products produced. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ technical competencies, as indicated by an increase in knowledge from 30% to 90% and practical skills from 25% to 80%. Most participants were able to independently produce at least one coconut husk broom with acceptable functional quality. Furthermore, the program enhanced participants’ understanding of the economic potential of coconut husk and created opportunities for sustainable household-based enterprises utilizing local resources.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance management at the micro–enterprise AMANAH YOGURT, located in Candimulyo, Kiringan, Boyolali. The business employs 11 workers with specific task divisions: 7 in packaging, 1 in production, 2 in marketing responsible for promotion and advertising, and 1 supervisor who monitors the production process while also assisting in production ac,tivities. The daily production capacity reaches 500 packs during peak demand and 350 packs under normal conditions. This research applies a descriptive qualitative approach through observations and informal interviews with the owner and employees. The findings indicate that AMANAH YOGURT has implemented performance management through the application of production SOP, clear task distribution, informal evaluative communication between the owner and employees, as well as consistent adherence to hygiene standards and product quality. AMANAH YOGURT products have been distributed across Java Island, Bali, and even Mataram through bus logistics, travel services, and direct delivery for nearby areas. Halal certification and BPOM authorization further enhance consumer trust and strengthen the competitiveness of the business.

This study aims to analyze cash budget management at the Kuda Kepang Mas Bagong MSME located in Wates Hamlet, Cepogo Village, Boyolali Regency. This MSME focuses on traditional kuda kepang crafts that have economic and cultural value as a support for local performing arts. The method applied is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and direct interviews with the business owner. The data reviewed includes the production process, production capacity, cost structure, selling price, revenue, and marketing system. The results of the study indicate that the Kuda Kepang Mas Bagong MSME has consistent market demand, especially for medium-sized kuda kepang products. However, production capacity limitations due to the use of one worker are a major obstacle in increasing business turnover. In addition, cash budget management is still carried out in a simple and unorganized manner, so the potential for liquidity control and financial planning has not reached an optimal level. This study concludes that developing a more organized cash budget and increasing production capacity can be a key strategy in improving the financial performance and sustainability of the Kuda Kepang Mas Bagong MSME.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in improving the economy of rural communities, but still face various obstacles, particularly in packaging branding and marketing. Snack MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District, have good product potential, but are not yet supported by a strong brand identity, attractive packaging design, and optimal use of digital marketing. This community service activity aims to support MSME development through assistance with packaging branding and digital marketing. The implementation method includes observing MSME conditions, socializing the importance of branding and digital marketing, assistance in creating brand identities and product packaging designs, and assistance with promotions through social media. The results of the activity show an increase in MSME understanding of the importance of packaging branding and digital marketing, as well as improvements in the appearance of product packaging to be more attractive and have a brand identity. In addition, MSMEs have begun to utilize social media as a means of product promotion. This activity is expected to expand marketing reach, increase product competitiveness, and support the sustainability of MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly disrupted the global labor sector, including in Indonesia. The urgency of this study lies in the growing inequality in access to digital skills and the lack of legal protection for workers in the digital era. This research aims to analyze the impact of AI on employment in Indonesia and to assess the adequacy of labor regulations in addressing digital transformation. This study employs a normative legal method with a juridical-empirical approach, utilizing literature review, secondary data, and qualitative analysis of labor policies and relevant regulations. The findings reveal that while AI has the potential to create new types of employment, it also threatens conventional jobs, especially in labor-intensive sectors. Moreover, Indonesia's labor regulations have not yet adapted to new, flexible, and platform-based work models, resulting in legal uncertainty for informal and freelance workers. This study contributes to the discourse on the need for labor law reform that is inclusive and adaptive to technological developments. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for responsive labor regulation reform, increased digital literacy, and continuous reskilling systems to ensure that AI-driven transformation does not create new inequalities in the labor market. Future research is recommended to focus on formulating new legal protection models for digital workers in the AI era.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in improving the economy of rural communities, but still face various obstacles, particularly in packaging branding and marketing. Snack MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District, have good product potential, but are not yet supported by a strong brand identity, attractive packaging design, and optimal use of digital marketing. This community service activity aims to support MSME development through assistance with packaging branding and digital marketing. The implementation method includes observing MSME conditions, socializing the importance of branding and digital marketing, assistance in creating brand identities and product packaging designs, and assistance with promotions through social media. The results of the activity show an increase in MSME understanding of the importance of packaging branding and digital marketing, as well as improvements in the appearance of product packaging to be more attractive and have a brand identity. In addition, MSMEs have begun to utilize social media as a means of product promotion. This activity is expected to expand marketing reach, increase product competitiveness, and support the sustainability of MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District.

Civil servants (ASN) entering retirement represent a strategic human resource asset for national development; however, their potential is often underutilized due to an institutional vacuum. This study identifies this fundamental problem as manifesting in two dimensions: the absence of a cohesive structure among the retired community and the lack of a structure that systematically connects them to the economic empowerment ecosystem. Consequently, the transition from active service to a productive retirement period presents a significant challenge. The purpose of this research is to design an effective institutional forum model to serve as a facilitative bridge. The analysis employs a framework integrating three pillars: Mochtar Kusumaatmadja's Development Law Theory as the philosophical foundation, Ansell and Gash's Collaborative Governance concept as the governance paradigm, and the Pentahelix model as the operational framework. This study proposes a multi-stakeholder collaborative forum designed to synergize the roles of government, industry, academia, communities, and the media. The primary recommendation is the establishment of a formal entity functioning as an incubator and accelerator. This entity is intended not only to address the economic needs of retirees but also to align with the country's constitutional mandate to achieve sustainable social welfare.

This study aims to analyze the policy formulation process for the Pasar Besar revitalization program in Pasuruan City, focusing on the stages involved in policy formulation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews with informants and documentation. The results of the study reveal that the Pasar Besar revitalization policy formulation process does not fully conform to the four ideal stages. Of the four stages that should be followed: problem formulation, agenda process, alternative formulation, and policy determination, only two stages were carried out by policy makers in policy formulation, namely problem definition and policy determination. The results of the study reveal that at the problem definition stage, the Department of Industry and Trade defines the main problem as damage and unsuitability of market facilities and infrastructure, which has reached 70 percent, thus not complying with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for traditional markets. At the policy-making stage, the program is established and implemented through the 2022 Regional Work Plan (RKPD) of the Department of Industry and Trade, with funding provided through financial assistance to the provincial government. Several issues related to the market revitalization program policy formulation process include: the need to expand policy alternatives into several alternative options, such as considering partial or total market revitalization, and the need for alternative marking, such as gradual revitalization or making small but consistent improvements.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in driving economic growth; however, their production activities frequently face uncertainty in achieving predetermined targets. Such uncertainty arises from fluctuating market demand, delays in raw material supply, labor limitations, variations in processing time, and other technical constraints. Conventional deterministic production planning methods often fail to capture these real-world risks and variations, leading to less accurate and suboptimal decisions. Therefore, a more adaptive analytical approach that incorporates probability and uncertainty is required. This study aims to analyze the probability of achieving MSME production targets using the Monte Carlo Simulation method. This method models random production conditions by generating data based on probability distributions derived from historical records. Simulations are repeated through numerous iterations to estimate possible variations in production output and measure the likelihood of meeting targets. The results indicate that Monte Carlo simulation provides more realistic and comprehensive production forecasts compared to traditional planning approaches. By understanding both the probability of success and potential risks, MSMEs can design adaptive strategies, optimize resource allocation, manage inventory more effectively, and improve overall production planning accuracy to ensure long-term business sustainability in a dynamic environment.

This study aims to elaborate on the mechanism of product design, word of mouth (WOM), price perception, and product quality on purchase decisions, with brand image serving as a mediating variable. The research focuses on consumers of Ogel-Ogel, a traditional snack product from Pemalang. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive method, data were gathered from 100 respondents through purposive and accidental sampling techniques. Data analysis employed path analysis and the Sobel test to measure the strength of the mediation effect. The results reveal that, partially, all independent variables and brand image exert a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. The most crucial finding indicates that brand image acts as an effective mediating bridge, reinforcing the transformation of physical product attributes and social recommendations into actual purchasing actions. This underscores that for MSMEs in the culinary sector, visual uniqueness and quality are insufficient without consistent brand reputation management. This research provides strategic contributions for local product managers in integrating traditional marketing elements with brand equity strengthening to navigate an increasingly competitive market.

MSMEs can play a significant role in bolstering a community's economy, with their growth highly dependent on workforce performance. Effective leadership and appropriate incentives significantly enhance employee productivity, motivation, and engagement. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how employee performance in MSMEs in the Bantar Gebang market is impacted by knowledge-oriented leadership and incentives. 135 employees of MSMEs in the Bantar Gebang market were given paper questionnaires to complete in order to gather data. Validity and reliability tests were performed using SPSS version 27 for data analysis in this study. CFA with KMO, Anti-Image, and Factor Loading was used for the validity test; Kolmogrov-Smirnov was used for the normalcy test; multiple linear regression and t-tests were used for hypothesis testing. The findings supported hypothesis 1 by demonstrating that knowledge-oriented leadership significantly and favorably affected worker performance. Additionally, the data supported hypothesis 2 by demonstrating that rewards significantly and favorably impacted employee performance. Employees need to be encouraged by MSMEs leaders to expand their knowledge and abilities through a variety of experiences. MSMEs must put in place extra incentive programs to show their staff how much they are valued. MSMEs owners are required to evaluate and recognize staff members who exhibit strong initiative and go above and beyond the call of duty.

Evaluation of training programs at the UPT Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) in East Java has become an essential component in measuring the success of competency-based training implementation that aligns with labor market needs. This study applies the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to answer the research questions regarding the effectiveness of training programs at UPT Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) in East Java in improving work competencies, the evaluation models used in BLK training programs, and the challenges documented in the design of the evaluation studies. The literature search was conducted through Google Scholar using inclusion and exclusion criteria, guided by the research questions determined by the researcher, and a three-point Quality Assessment framework to assess the methodological rigor and contribution of each journal's evaluation results. From the five journals analyzed, the key findings indicate that BLK training programs in East Java are relevant to workforce development needs and implemented based on the Competency-Based Curriculum (Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi/KBK). This study contributes important insights to the understanding of vocational program evaluation at BLK, highlighting that current evaluation approaches possess structured and relevant implementation foundations, and generate a positive impact in supporting the improvement of work competencies among BLK participants and alumni, particularly in the East Java region.

This study aims to analyze the effect of e-commerce adoption on the sales performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. E- commerce adoption factors are measured through the dimensions of platform usage, technology integration, and digital marketing activities. Sales performance is assessed based on sales growth, market expansion, and increase in customer numbers. The research method uses a quantitative approach by distributing online questionnaires to 250 MSME owners in five major cities (Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Makassar) who have used at least one e-commerce platform (such as Tokopedia, Shopee, Bukalapak, or a standalone website) for at least one year. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques with the help of SPSS 25 software. The results show that e-commerce adoption has a significant positive effect on the sales performance of MSMEs. Specifically, technology integration (such as the use of inventory management and digital payment tools) and digital marketing activities (advertising and promotions on social media) are the most dominant factors. These findings provide practical implications for MSME owners and policymakers to further encourage digitalization by providing training and supporting infrastructure.

This study uses a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus data to map the literature on capital structure development for the period 2018–2023. Using articles from Q1 and Q2 indexed journals selected using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study examines publication trends, dominant keywords, and theme evolution using VOSviewer. The results show a shift in focus from classical theories (such as trade-off and pecking order) to contemporary issues such as ESG, green finance, and digitalization. In addition, the majority of studies are still dominated by developed countries, while contributions from developing countries are still limited. These findings highlight the need for a contextual approach and updating of theoretical models in capital structure research, as well as providing an initial foundation for empirical studies in the technology sector of developing countries.

The phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has emerged as a significant psychosocial factor influencing the consumption behavior of Generation Z in the social media era. This study aims to explore how FoMO shapes the purchasing decisions of Generation Z using a qualitative approach, focusing on subjective experiences, digital social pressures, and interactions with viral content. A descriptive-interpretative qualitative method was employed, collecting data through in-depth interviews and observations of social media activity among Generation Z respondents actively engaged in digital platforms. Thematic analysis was applied to identify patterns of FoMO experiences and their impact on purchasing decisions. Findings reveal that FoMO arises from the need for social connection, social comparison with peers and influencers, and intensive exposure to digital trends. This phenomenon drives consumptive behaviors, particularly impulsive purchases, influenced by social validation and emotional impulses. Generation Z’s purchasing decisions are contextual, multidimensional, and not entirely rational, yet meaningful within the framework of digital social identity. The study underscores the necessity of a qualitative approach to comprehensively understand the psychological, social, and cultural complexities of FoMO and consumer behavior. The results provide a conceptual foundation for ethical and relevant marketing strategies targeting young consumers in the digital era.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of market governance and the implementation of affirmative policies for Indigenous Papuan traders (OAP) at the Sorong City Central Market in 2026. Using a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were collected through a survey of 90 OAP trader respondents, followed by in-depth interviews with key informants from government elements and community leaders. The study results show a high level of trader dissatisfaction (58.7%), particularly regarding trade zoning and price protection. Qualitative findings reveal that affirmative policies remain administrative in nature and fail to address spatial marginalization, placing OAP traders in low-accessibility areas. This study recommends restructuring market zoning to be more equitable, standardizing local commodity prices, and digitizing trader data to ensure that Special Autonomy policies are on target. By addressing these core issues, it is hoped that the market environment in Sorong City will be more inclusive and supportive of OAP traders, fostering economic empowerment in line with the goals of Special Autonomy.

The growth of the digital economy in the 5.0 era has changed consumer behavior, particularly among students as digital natives. This study aims to analyze the influence of Celebrity Endorsers, Product Quality, Social Media Marketing, and Influencer Credibility on Purchase Intention, with Brand Image as a mediating variable. The research focuses on students in Pemalang Regency who use the Shopee e-commerce platform. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 100 respondents through purposive and accidental sampling. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, path analysis, and the Sobel test with IBM SPSS 25. The results indicate that all independent variables have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. In addition, Brand Image is proven to mediate the influence of these variables. The findings suggest that enhancing quality perception and selecting credible endorsers aligned with brand values are important strategies for Shopee to increase consumer purchase intention. This study provides empirical contributions to the development of digital marketing literature.