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This study aims to analyze the dynamics of peer pressure as a factor that forms problematic behavior in adolescents. This study uses a literature review method with more than 19 relevant journals. The selected journals followed inclusion criteria that focused on adolescents, peer pressure, and problematic behaviors within a specific time frame. The results of the study showed that peer pressure contributes to problematic behaviors such as aggressive behavior and social violence (bullying, cyberbullying, aggressiveness, disruptive behavior), addictive and health-risking behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption/drinking behavior), violations of academic/school norms (truancy, juvenile delinquency), online/sexual risky behavior (cybersex), and internal psychological problems (decreased self-confidence). The psychosocial dynamics found included the need for acceptance, group conformity, low self-control, and weak family support. These influences can be direct or indirect through the internalization of group values. These findings confirm that problematic behaviors are not formed singularly, but from complex interactions between individual factors and the social environment. Therefore, prevention efforts require a collaborative approach between families, schools, and the community.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that cannot be completely cured or cannot even be completely cured. The vile shard plant is empirically used by the community to treat diabetes (DM). This study aims to conduct phytochemical screening and test the activity of 96% ethanol extract of kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bl.) as a herbal antidiabetic in male white mice (Mus musculus) with alloxan induction. Method: This research is an experimental laboratory research with a true experimental posttest control design using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment P1 (without treatment) as normal control (N), P2 as positive control (+), P3 as negative control (-), P4 kejibeling leaf extract 250 mg/kg BW, P5 kejibeling leaf extract 500 mg/kg BW. Result:The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. SPSS results show that the data is normally distributed (p>0.05) and homogeneous (p>0.05). The results of the ANOVA on the treatment of giving keji beling leaf extract 250 mg/Kg BW showed a sig. 0.393 (p>0.05) and treatment of 500 mg/Kg BW obtained a sig value. 0.517 (p>0.05). Conclusion:The conclusion from the research results shows that administering doses of 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW of keji beling leaf extract can reduce blood sugar levels in mice. It is hoped that the results of this research will be useful for the community as an antidiabetic therapy using kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bl.).

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain one of the public health problems that contribute significantly to high morbidity rates, especially among vulnerable groups. Community health centers, as primary health care facilities, play an important role in recording, reporting, and monitoring cases through surveillance systems. This study aims to determine the description of ARI cases and evaluate the implementation of the ARI surveillance system at the Perumnas Community Health Center from August to October 2025. This study uses a descriptive evaluative approach. The surveillance system evaluation is based on the 5M components, namely man, money, material, method, and machine. Data were obtained through a review of surveillance documents and observation of the implementation of the ARI case recording and reporting system at the health center. The results of the study indicate that ARI is still one of the most common diseases found in the Perumnas Community Health Center's working area. The implementation of ARI surveillance is generally running well, but there are still several obstacles in terms of human resources, supporting facilities, data completeness, and optimization of reporting methods. These conditions affect the quality of the epidemiological information produced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance system by increasing the capacity of officers, providing supporting facilities, and improving recording and reporting mechanisms so that the implementation of ARI surveillance is more effective and supports disease control efforts.

Hypertension contributes to numerous complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and is a risk factor of disability and death. Hypertension Prevalence in Jatinangor is 37.8%, that is higher than national rate. The control of hypertension is low and the education at the primary health facility is short. Therefore, another buffer system for education such as posbindu is needed. Activities that educate people with hypertension become very important, but need to be adjusted as needs. Aim of this study is to determine form and intensity of education preferred by hypertension patients Method: Qualitative descriptive with case study approach using focused group discussion (FGD) method, led by main moderator and assisted by a second moderator. Participants consisted of 15 people with hypertension chosen purposively with the inclusion criterias female and parallel to the research objective. The discussion used semi-structured questions. This study is conducted in two villages in Jatinangor, Desa Cipacing and Desa Cilayung from February to May 2017. Results: Participants wanted education in the form of traditional learning, game simulation, written notes, and video recording. The intensity of education preferred until patients understand, it tends to be performed more than once, and preferred place are performed within Posyandu (Integrated Health and Nutrition Post) with education frequency varies from once a week to once a month. Conclusion: Hypertension patients have variable preference of education forms and its intensity. Innovations in the development of methods in accordance with hypertension patients’ needs must be continued, so that interventions can become more effective for hypertension patients.

This study evaluated the feeding behavior and palatability of Etawa Crossbred (PE) dairy goats fed diets with partial substitution of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius forage. An in vivo field experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with four dietary treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of: (T0) Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro) as the basal forage; (T1) lamtoro supplemented with concentrate; (T2) lamtoro plus concentrate with 10% substitution of lamtoro dry matter by C. aconitifolius; and (T3) lamtoro plus concentrate with 20% substitution of lamtoro dry matter by C. aconitifolius. Parameters observed included feed intake (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber), body weight change, and feeding behavior related to forage preference. The goats consistently consumed forage prior to concentrate and exhibited a higher preference for diets containing C. aconitifolius. Inclusion of C. aconitifolius reduced lamtoro intake; however, no significant differences were observed among treatments for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, or crude fiber intake (P>0.05). Body weight change showed a positive tendency in goats receiving 10% and 20% C. aconitifolius substitution, while goats fed the control diet experienced slight weight loss, although these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, C. aconitifolius demonstrated good palatability and potential as an alternative forage for PE goats when used as a partial substitute for lamtoro. Nevertheless, its inclusion at the tested levels did not significantly affect nutrient intake or body weight change. Further studies are recommended to optimize inclusion levels and feeding strategies to enhance its practical application in small ruminant production systems.

Inconsistent terminology across cybersecurity frameworks undermines global governance and interoperability. The National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF 2.0) and ISO/IEC 27001:2022 share similar objectives but diverge semantically in defining risk, control, and resilience. This semantic gap causes difficulties in compliance mapping and automated policy translation. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the semantic similarity and divergence between NIST and ISO/IEC 27000 terminologies, identify conceptual structures influencing interoperability, and propose an AI-assisted foundation for harmonizing cybersecurity language globally. Methodology: A mixed-method semantic comparative design integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) and ontology mapping. Using the nist_glossary.csv dataset and ISO vocabularies, terms were normalized and analyzed via cosine similarity using sentence-transformer embeddings. Ontological alignment was visualized through the Semantic Threat Graph (STG) and validated by certified experts using Cohen’s Kappa reliability tests. Results: From 672 term pairs, results show 40.9% high semantic equivalence, 38.8% partial overlap, and 20.3% semantic divergence. Strongest alignment appears in “Protect” and “Identify” domains, while divergences occur in governance and recovery-related terms. Ontology mapping revealed three conceptual clusters—Risk Governance, Technical Safeguards, and Organizational Readiness. Conclusions: Findings confirm a 79.7% total semantic alignment, indicating strong potential for harmonizing global cybersecurity standards. The study contributes an empirical model combining computational linguistics and AI-based ontology mapping to establish semantic interoperability, enabling unified cybersecurity governance and AI-driven compliance automation. Keywords: Semantic Interoperability; Ontology Mapping; Cybersecurity Frameworks; Terminology Alignment; AI Harmonization

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are highly vulnerable to a wide range of business risks that may threaten their operational continuity and long-term sustainability. These risks include financial instability, market fluctuations, supply chain disruptions, regulatory changes, and limited managerial capacity. This study aims to describe the implementation of risk management practices in MSMEs by examining the processes of risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and control in accordance with the specific characteristics and limitations of MSME operations. The research applies a qualitative method using a document study approach to explore and analyze the phenomenon of risk management within MSMEs. The data utilized consist of secondary sources, including scholarly journal articles, previous empirical research findings, official publications from relevant institutions, government reports, and other publicly accessible documents related to MSME development. The findings reveal that although MSME actors generally recognize the existence of various business risks, the practical implementation of structured and systematic risk management remains suboptimal. Many MSMEs still apply informal, reactive, and experience-based strategies rather than comprehensive risk management frameworks, indicating the need for improved awareness, training, and institutional support.

The rapid development of technology in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has driven the education sector to continuously adapt to the evolving demands of digital-based industries. One of the key technological innovations supporting this transformation is the Internet of Things (IoT), which enables data acquisition, real-time monitoring, and remote control of systems through internet networks. In response to these developments, a community service program was conducted to enhance the understanding and technical skills of students at SMK Negeri 1 Sindang through the provision and utilization of an IoT Trainer Kit Simulator as a practical learning medium. This activity aimed to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and industry-relevant technological applications by introducing students to hands-on IoT system implementation. The program included demonstrations and guided practice on the use of sensors, microcontrollers, and web-based monitoring platforms to simulate real-world industrial scenarios. The results indicate that students showed high enthusiasm and active participation throughout the activity. Moreover, participants were able to grasp the fundamental concepts of IoT systems, understand component integration, and recognize the relevance of IoT applications in supporting automation and digital transformation. Overall, this community service activity contributed positively to strengthening students’ digital competencies and preparedness for the demands of the contemporary industrial and technological landscape.

Indonesia ranks second in the world and Bandar Lampung City is the region with the highest TB incidence in Lampung Province with a treatment success rate that is still below the national target. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB in the Kedaton Community Health Center Working Area of ​​Bandar Lampung City using a quantitative analytical study with a case-control design. The study sample consisted of 40 cases (smear-positive pulmonary TB patients) and 40 controls (closest neighbors without TB) taken using a consecutive sampling technique, where data were collected through interviews, observations, and measurements using questionnaires and physical measuring instruments at home. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that employment status (p = 0.024) and bedroom ventilation (p = 0.040) had a significant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary TB, while the results of the multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression showed that gender (p = 0.015) and bedroom ventilation (p = 0.009) were significantly related variables. The conclusion of this study determined that bedroom ventilation was the most dominant variable associated with pulmonary TB incidence, with inadequate ventilation having a 3.91-fold increased risk (OR=3.91; 95%CI=1.41-10.94) compared to adequate ventilation after controlling for gender.

This research was motivated by the relatively low level of student learning activities, indicated by limited participation in asking questions, answering, and expressing opinions during the learning process. In addition, some students showed low concentration and attention to the teacher’s explanations. The learning process was still teacher-centered, which reduced student activeness and affected learning outcomes. To address this problem, teachers need to apply learning methods that encourage student participation while improving learning outcomes. One method that can be applied, particularly in social studies subjects, is the Quiz Team learning method. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Quiz Team learning method assisted by Baambozle media on student activity and learning outcomes in social studies at MTsN 6 Tulungagung. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design. Data were collected through questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Questionnaires were used to measure student learning activity, while tests were used to assess learning outcomes. The sample consisted of 32 students in the control class and 32 students in the experimental class selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that the Quiz Team method assisted by Baambozle media significantly affected students’ activity and learning outcomes, indicated by a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05. The findings imply that this method can enhance student activity and consequently improve learning outcomes.

Family health is a fundamental component of public health development, as the family represents the smallest social unit shaping individual health behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the family health conditions of the community in Pulau Jambu Village, Kampar District, based on demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed with a total sample of 153 respondents selected using random sampling, ensuring equal probability for each population member to be included.The results indicated that most respondents were in the productive age group of 19–60 years (68.8%), with farming as the dominant occupation (47.1%). The majority relied on borehole wells as their water source (61.4%); however, 47.1% had septic tank distances ≤10 meters, posing potential risks of water contamination. Regular physical activity was reported by 60.8% of respondents, yet the prevalence of smoking was very high (78.4%). Most respondents had a junior high school education (45.1%), influencing health literacy levels, although 58.2% demonstrated good knowledge of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS). Health service utilization was relatively high (86.3%), though some residents still practiced traditional treatment.In conclusion, family health conditions are influenced by a combination of behavioral, environmental sanitation, and socioeconomic factors. Strengthening family-based health interventions through PHBS education, smoking control, and environmental sanitation improvement is essential to enhance sustainable community health status.

This study aims to analyze the influence of digitalization on the lifestyles of students at Universitas Nasional Pasim. The research employs a quantitative approach through field survey methods, targeting a population of 123 students from the Faculty of Economics, Class of 2025. A minimum sample size of 56 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique utilized was purposive sampling, while data analysis involved validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple regression analysis to determine the relationships between variables. Empirical results indicate that digitalization has a positive and significant influence on student lifestyles, with the F-calculated value exceeding the F-table at the specified level of significance. The R-Square value further explains the contribution of the digitalization variable to changes in the respondents' lifestyles. The findings reveal positive impacts such as increased academic efficiency, instant access to information, and the convenience of transactions through practical digital payment systems. Conversely, negative impacts identified include a rise in consumptive behavior driven by cashless and paylater features, where student budgets are increasingly used for non-academic purposes. Furthermore, high intensity of social media usage triggers the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) phenomenon and a decline in real-world social interaction. In conclusion, digitalization is a pivotal factor in shaping modern student lifestyles. It is essential to enhance financial literacy and strengthen self-control to minimize the negative impacts of technology in the future.

This study was conducted to examine how social media influences Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) behavior among its users. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach by analyzing and reviewing 20 previous research journals related to FOMO behavior in social media users. The reviewed journals were published. The findings indicate that FOMO behavior is driven by high-intensity social media use, in which increased frequency and duration of use are associated with higher levels of anxiety and fear of missing information and social experiences. Continuous exposure to content and activities shared by other users encourages social comparison, which contributes to increased anxiety, self-dissatisfaction, and difficulties in emotional regulation, particularly among individuals with low self-esteem. These conditions may lead to dependence on social validation and promote increasingly addictive patterns of social media use, which in the long term can reduce self-control and negatively affect psychological well-being. When self-esteem is low and psychological well-being is disrupted, individuals may experience heightened pessimism and an increased risk of engaging in self-harm behaviors. Overall, the findings suggest that self-regulation and self-determination serve as preventive factors against FOMO behavior and its psychological and mental health impacts; therefore, strengthening self-regulation and self-determination is essential to prevent FOMO.

Adolescence is a crucial transition phase from childhood to adulthood, characterized by significant development of the reproductive system and psychosocial changes. In this phase, adolescents are prone to deviant behavior, including premarital sexual behavior, especially if environmental factors and self-control are not properly managed. This study aims to identify the picture of premarital sexual behavior in adolescents through a case study at Pattimura High School Jakarta. The research method uses a quantitative approach with random sampling techniques based on Lemenshow calculations. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to obtain an overview of respondents' behavior. The results showed that there were 22 students (32.35%) who had risky premarital sexual behavior. These findings indicate an urgent need for comprehensive interventions. Preventive efforts can be carried out through reproductive health education, strengthening moral values, and improving communication between parents and children. Meanwhile, repressive efforts are needed to enforce school rules and provide educational sanctions. This research emphasizes the importance of collaboration between schools, families, and communities in tackling adolescents' premarital sexual behavior, so as to minimize risks that have an impact on their physical, psychological, and social health.  

Social media is one form of technological advancement that has become an integral part of students’ lives, including university students. Its use is not limited to communication and information sharing, but it may also generate psychological effects that influence both physical and mental health. The purpose of this review is to identify and explain the psychological impacts of social media use through appropriate theoretical approaches, which serve as a foundation for discussing the research findings. This study employs a literature review method by examining various academic books and relevant scientific articles. The findings indicate that excessive use of social media has the potential to cause psychological problems among university students, such as social comparison behavior, cyberbullying, decreased sleep quality, and reduced learning productivity. These issues are influenced by several factors, including the intensity of social media use, the type of content accessed, and individuals’ ability to manage emotions and time. Furthermore, uncontrolled social media use may lead to difficulties in social relationships, increased procrastination, poor time management, and reduced self-control in using social networking platforms. Therefore, students are encouraged to develop healthier patterns of social media use to reduce the risk of psychological disturbances. This review is also expected to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the relationship between the intensity of social media use and the occurrence of depressive symptoms among university students.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the emotional development of early childhood based on a literature review. Emotional development is a crucial aspect of character formation, emotional regulation, and children’s social skills in daily life. The research method employed is a literature review, which involves examining relevant sources such as academic journals, books, and research The methodology utilizes a synthesis of peer-reviewed journals and relevant publications concerning the impact of caregiving styles on early childhood emotional maturity The reviewed literature was analyzed descriptively to identify patterns and trends in previous research findings. The results of the literature review indicate that parenting styles have a significant influence on children’s emotional development. Democratic (authoritative) parenting is consistently found to have the most positive impact on children’s emotional development, including better emotional regulation, self-confidence, independence, empathy, and social competence. Children raised with democratic parenting tend to express their emotions in a healthy manner and adapt well to social environments. In contrast, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles are often associated with emotional difficulties, such as low social skills, poor self-control, and challenges in managing emotions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that democratic parenting plays a vital role in supporting optimal emotional development in early childhood

Background: Anemia among expectant mothers persists as a critical public health concern, posing significant risks to both maternal and fetal well-being. National data indicates a prevalence of 48.9% in Indonesia; notably, Central Java remains a focal point for this issue, recording some of the highest statistics in the country. Effective education is essential to prevent anemia, and animated video media is considered more engaging and easier for pregnant women to understand. Objective: To determine the effect of counseling using educational videos on the knowledge of pregnant women with anemia. Methods: This study used a a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design involving 44 pregnant women diagnosed with anemia, who were assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney test. Findings revealed an improvement in the average knowledge score from 8.91 at baseline to 9.23 following the intervention, with a significant mean difference of 1.18 recorded in the post-intervention phase. However, counseling using video did not significantly affect knowledge (p>0.05). Conclusion: Counseling using video media (VINEMA) did not yield a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge levels of pregnant women suffering from anemia. Nevertheless, this medium shows potential as a supplementary educational resource for fostering favorable attitudes regarding the prevention of anemia.

This study aims to analyze the position of statutory regulations as the main limiting framework for administrative discretion in Indonesian administrative law, particularly after the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. The main issue examined is the normative shift caused by the removal of the requirement that discretion must not contradict statutory regulations, which potentially weakens legal certainty and judicial control. This research uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory and conceptualization approach, and is supported by the theory of discretionary justice, balance of legal objectives, and good governance. The findings indicate that the elimination of formal legality requirements transforms discretion from a legally constrained authority into a broader administrative freedom, increasing the risk of abuse of power and weakening the objective standards of judicial review in administrative courts. The study concludes that such a shift undermines the core principles of the rule of law and necessitates constitutional review to restore legal certainty, accountability, and effective judicial oversight.

Labor pain begins in the first stage, which includes the latent phase (cervical dilation up to 3 cm) and the active phase (cervical dilation from 4 cm to 10 cm). The active phase sees an increase in the intensity and frequency of contractions, leading to peak pain. Research on 2,700 delivering mothers found that 15% experienced mild pain, 35% moderate pain, 30% severe pain, and 20% very severe pain. To reduce maternal mortality (AKI), minimizing labor pain is crucial. Labor pain can be controlled through pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Non-pharmacological methods include counter pressure, hypnobirthing, endorphin massage, effleurage massage, relaxation techniques, warm compresses, Mozart music, murottal therapy, acupressure, and aromatherapy. Distraction and pain management techniques are vital for healthcare providers to help reduce pain, especially during the first stage of labor. One effective method is deep breathing relaxation, where regulating the breathing pattern can reduce pain caused by cervical dilation. Slow deep breathing, a conscious relaxation technique, has several benefits, such as reducing stress and anxiety, improving focus, lowering blood pressure, enhancing sleep quality, and improving digestion. Objective: To determine the effect of slow deep breathing on labor pain reduction. Results: Wilcoxon statistical test showed a significance value of ρ = 0.023 (ρ<0.05), indicating a significant difference in labor pain levels before and after applying slow deep breathing. Conclusion: Slow deep breathing reduces labor pain levels.

Hyperglycemia is a condition of elevated blood sugar levels that can potentially lead to various health complications if not controlled early. This condition is often influenced by unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, and low awareness among adolescents regarding regular blood sugar checks. Adolescents are an age group that is vulnerable to lifestyle changes, putting them at risk of developing metabolic disorders later in life. This community service activity aims to increase adolescent knowledge and awareness regarding the dangers of hyperglycemia and the importance of preventive measures from school age. The activity was carried out at SMK Nurul Ulum Lebaksiu, involving 59 students as participants. The methods used included health education through audio-visual media, interactive lectures, discussions, and Random Blood Sugar (GDS) tests for early detection. The results of the activity showed an increase in student knowledge based on a comparison of pre-test and post-test scores, as well as the implementation of GDS tests on all participants. This activity is expected to foster healthy lifestyle behaviors and increase adolescent awareness of the prevention of non-communicable diseases.