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Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging tool in education that allows students to interact with complex concepts in an immersive environment. This paper investigates the potential of VR in enhancing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education for children. By reviewing various case studies, the paper explores how VR applications are being used to make abstract STEM concepts more accessible and engaging. The study concludes that VR enhances conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking among young learners.  

The development of cultural literacy and citizenship is an important aspect of primary education. This study aims to analyze different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship in four elementary schools located in Pekanbaru. The four schools included in this research are SDN 182, SDN 195, SDN 21, and SDN 180. This research utilizes a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing data from field observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentary studies. The findings of the study indicate that these four schools have different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship. SDN 182 adopts a habituation approach by teaching students to sing the national anthem before starting Civic Education lessons and involving them in community service activities. SDN 195 implements a developmental approach by requiring students to serve as flag ceremony officials, memorize the UUD 1945 (Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), and understand Pancasila (the foundational philosophy of Indonesia). SDN 21 employs a developmental approach to literacy through extracurricular programs held on Saturdays, introducing Indonesian cultures to students. SDN 180 encompasses various aspects, including flag ceremonies, cultural introductions, and organizing dance extracurricular activities. This research provides a deeper understanding of the diverse approaches that can be employed to develop cultural literacy and citizenship in elementary schools. The findings serve as a foundation for schools and relevant stakeholders in designing effective and student-centered learning programs. Additionally, this study offers inspiration for the development of cultural literacy and citizenship at higher levels of education.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in improving student learning outcomes in SMA. The research was conducted in two cycles at SMA Negeri 1 West Malacca. Data were obtained through observing learning activities, formative tests, and summarizing student scores. The results showed that there was a significant increase in cycle II compared to cycle I. The number of students who completed learning increased from 23 to 32 students, the average score of formative tests increased from 69.57 to 84.29, and the percentage of learning completeness increased. from 65.71 to 91.43. PBL implementation yields gains in increasing student participation, student-teacher interaction, student engagement, and overall student learning outcomes. Problem-based learning encourages students to engage in critical thinking, collaboration and discussion. The integration of relevant information sources also increases students' understanding of the subject matter. In conclusion, the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) significantly improves student learning outcomes and makes a positive contribution in the context of learning in SMA.  

This community service activity was carried out by a Team of Lecturers and Students at the Faculty of Business at Mitra Indonesia University (UMITRA) Lampung for Students of Pelita Gedong Tataan Vocational School. This activity discusses increasing the understanding of financial literacy in Pelita Gedong Tataan Vocational School Students. This is done because financial literacy is very important to understand and apply in life, being one of the six basics of literacy. The goal is that every Pelita Gedong Tataan Vocational School student has an understanding of financial literacy that can be used not only at this time, but after they work and even have a household. The method used is socialization by providing motivation with lectures and discussions in the form of question and answer sessions. The results show that financial literacy is still a new knowledge for some students. Even though financial literacy greatly influences positive financial behavior and financial management itself. By participating in this activity, they hope to be able to increase financial literacy, and have an impact on good financial management and avoid various financial crimes.

The purpose of this study was to improve student achievement in class XI AK.2 SMK St. Willibrodus Betun in Accounting subject through the application of peer tutoring learning methods. The problems faced are the lack of student interest in accounting subjects, and the difficulty of maintaining focus during class. This has a negative impact on their academic performance. The proposed solution involves utilizing the peer tutoring method, whereby students receive assistance from their classmates in understanding accounting concepts. The research was conducted using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method and involved 20 students as research subjects. The results showed that there was a significant increase in student achievement after the application of the peer tutoring method. In cycle I, 13 students successfully completed their studies with an average formative test score of 74.50 and a percentage of learning completeness of 65.00. In cycle II there was an increase in the number of students who completed their studies, with a total of 18 students. The average score of formative tests also increased to 88.00, and the percentage of complete learning reached 90.00. The conclusion drawn is that peer tutoring is an effective learning method in improving the academic achievement of Accounting students.

This study aims to analyse the implementation of literacy programs in three primary schools, namely SDN 8 Bandar Laksamana, SDN 14 Teluk Mesjid and SDN 92 Pekanbaru. The research method used was observation and document analysis of literacy activities conducted by these schools. The results show that the three schools have implemented various types of literacy, such as literacy in reading and writing, digital literacy, science literacy, financial literacy, numeracy literacy and cultural-civic literacy. Through habituation, development and learning, students are given the opportunity to develop literacy skills holistically. Keywords relevant to this study are literacy, literacy program, primary school, observation, document analysis. This study shows that the successful implementation of literacy programs is supported by the commitment and efforts of schools in providing varied literacy experiences and actively involving students. The literacy programs help students improve their skills in reading, writing, using digital technology, understanding science, managing finances, understanding mathematics, and appreciating culture and citizenship. The findings provide important insights for educators and policy makers in improving the quality of basic education and students' literacy development.

This study aims to analyze minimal pairs of consonant sounds in English and explore their significance in language learning and teaching pronunciation. Minimal pairs are two words that differ only in one consonant sound, and this analysis aims to provide an understanding of the important role of minimal pairs in developing phonological awareness and improving pronunciation accuracy in English.This research involved identifying and analyzing minimal pairs of consonant sounds in English, including consonant sounds such as /p/ and /b/, /s/ and /z/, and /t/ and /d/. This analysis includes examining the articulation differences and acoustic characteristics of each minimal pair, with the aim of helping English learners understand the subtle phonetic differences between these consonant sounds. Through a deep understanding of minimal pairs, learners can develop their ability to distinguish and produce consonant sounds more accurately.In addition, this study also reviews the pedagogical implications of using minimal pairs in learning English pronunciation. Activities that involve minimal pairs, such as exercises on understanding and producing consonant sounds, can help learners increase their sensitivity to the different sounds in English. By engaging students in minimal pair practice, teachers can help them improve their pronunciation and increase their clarity of communication in English.

Nutrition greatly influences the growth and development of children who are still in the learning process at school. The habit of snacking on children has become a common habit and is found at various socio-economic levels of society. Snacks whose cleanliness cannot be controlled by the school and which are contaminated with dust and dirt are in great demand by school children. The purpose of this service activity is to provide socialization or learning about the importance of nutritious food for children at TPQ Raudhotul Huda Wangandowo. The method used in this service is using learning methods in the form of; the lecture method is in the form of delivering theory, the second is the discussion and question and answer method, used to test participants' understanding of the material that has been delivered. The results of this activity showed that the students at TPQ Raudhotul Huda Wangandowo were very enthusiastic in listening to the material presented by us. Some students also understand about nutritious food, it is proven that they can answer questions from us

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

Reading is a cognitive activity or process that aims to find various information contained in written information. This means that reading is a thought process to understand the contents of the text read. Evaluation of learning to read is a series of activities or steps taken after the completion of the main activities to obtain information about the results of learning to read, then manage and interpret them using benchmarks and goals and certain criteria. This type of research is library research, namely research conducted by analyzing and making written literature scientific journals as well as the main source. So the evaluation of learning to read is the process of determining students’ understanding, acceptance, categorization, analysis and reasoning abilities, as well as the accuracy of students’ pronunciation and intonation when taking reading tests in the target language. The purpose of learning to read is so that students can understand and use language in practice, it is not enough to measure it with mere mechanical abilities. The assessment of reading ability must be seen from the general reading ability as a whole, so that when assessing skills other than mechanical skills, it is also necessary to measure reading ability, for example understanding the content or meaning of sentences. The purpose of this study is to find out how the effort to implement the evaluation of students’ reading learning.

This article discusses the teacher's perception of Problem Based Learning to improve students' thinking skills. Critical thinking is something that every individual has in developing abilities. This model can be applied to increase student excellence in thinking to find a way out of a problem through direct experience and student knowledge. Problem Based Learning is a learning model that is given based on problems, where students are given a problem and asked to solve the problem critically. Researchers use descriptive qualitative because the information collected is in the form of verbal. Samples were taken from fifth grade elementary school teachers. This study states that students' ability to think in grade V elementary school increases by implementing PBL-based learning. Before using the PBL model in class V students, learning was too monotonous, lack of enthusiasm and passivity, and students also had difficulty understanding the material, less sharp dexterity of opinion, students' excess in thinking was less developed and less flexible. However, after using the PBL learning model, students' ability to think in class V is increasing in solving problems, students also become more responsive to the essence of the problem, students also become creative, active and critical and are increasingly able to find solutions to a problem, as well as students' thinking skills. growing and flexible.

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

This community service aims to increase interest and skills in reading aloud in English as well as interpretation skills and English vocabulary when reading Bible verses for Sunday School children who are also students in elementary and secondary schools. The method used in this service was by paying attention to the voice, intonation, and stress appropriately followed by understanding the meaning of the reading by the reader through a Bible reading competition in English. The results of this service showed that the Sunday School children were eagerly and enthusiastically able to take part in the competition to read aloud Bible verses, although gradually they need to be trained again how to read aloud with the right voice, intonation, stress, and pronunciation of English words. 

This socialization is a form of community service, especially MSME actors and residents of the Sukorejo Village, Blitar City. With the socialization of MSME development, it is hoped that it can increase the knowledge, insight, and understanding of business people in the Sukorejo Village so that they can adapt to the times and in running a business by utilizing the existing potential. Business actors and residents of the Sukorejo Village are given an understanding of the importance of online marketing or what is commonly called digital marketing, the importance of making a logo as an identity and marketing strategy as well as managing financial business. The implementation of this service program was carried out using the lecture method by UPN Veteran Jatim students and also one of the lecturers followed by a question and answer session. The results of this socialization are 1.) Very good enthusiasm seen from the activeness of the audience in listening and asking questions 2.) This MSME development outreach program can be of good use and can be applied by the audience in running their business. Socialization, Digital marketing, MSME

This study explains the application of the Takwil verse in surah Taha verse 5 to instill the religiosity of students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra Medan Arabic Language Education Study Program II Stambuk 2020. The type of research in this paper is qualitative research.  Data collection techniques used by way of interviews and also with various sources in the form of books and journals.  The results of this study indicate that what must be instilled and applied in the student environment is that the understanding of surah Taha verse 5 is that Allah exists without a place.  And the value of religiosity found in it is related to the issue of aqidah and about the nature of God which is different from the nature of creatures.

This study aims to analyze reading difficulties in class ll students at SD Negeri 1-7399 Bandar Khalifah and find out the strategies of class ll teacher at SD Negeri 107399 Bandar Khalifah. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research mothods. The qualitative method is a research method that focuses on in depth observations of the object of research. The subject of this research of this research at SD Negeri 107399 Bandar Khalifah named Mrs. Yustika. In addition, the method of data collection was by interviewing Mrs Yustika at Sd Negeri 107399 Bandar Khalifah. The result showed that students reading difficulties were caused by: 1) Difficulty in recognizing letters, 2) Spelling letters, 3) Lack of understanding of the contents if the reading so that it makes them stammer. The classroom teacher strategy used is: 1) By routinely practicing reading every day and being listened to by the teacher, 2) Give students a reading assignment at home for at least 5 minutes and then repeat ut again at school, 3) Do random guessing games so students will recognize these letters better, 4. Proovide motivation continuously to students, inviliting students to learn to read while playing for example playing word cards and choosing books whose words are easy for students to understand.

Difficulty reading in the lower grades of elementary school is a common problem faced by a number of students. The process of learning to read at this early stage is an important foundation for their future literacy development. Some factors that can affect reading difficulties include intelligence, physical health, sensory abilities, interests, family environment, motivation. In dealing with reading difficulties in the lower grades of elementary school, a holistic and diverse approach is needed. Teachers need to use learning methods that integrate vocabulary understanding, and student interests. In addition, involving parents in providing support and creating an environment that supports reading at home is also important. With the right approach and collaborative effort, students can overcome their reading difficulties and improve their literacy skills. This study aims to understand in depth the factors that cause reading difficulties in the lower grades of elementary school. This article uses a literature study to collect data which is carried out using literary literacy. Methods of data collection using various theoretical references in the field of reading difficulties in low grades related to research. The data sources in this study are in the form of books, journals, research report articles, and internet sites.  

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) method in improving reading skills in elementary school children in high grades.  The research method used in this research uses qualitative methods with a literature study approach.  Research with literature or literature study is a data collection technique by conducting a review of books, literature, records and various reports related to the problem to be solved to reach a conclusion.  This study provides recommendations for educators and education practitioners to consider using the PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) method to improve reading skills in high school elementary school children.  Proper and integrated implementation of the use of this method can be an effective alternative in developing students reading skills and creating a more meaningful learning experience in the learning process at school.  The results showed that the use of the PQ4R method (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) can significantly improve students skills in reading but there are also some drawbacks when using the PQ4R method (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review).  This method relies on the performance of the brain's memory so that it can improve student understanding, because at this stage of the method carrying out reading activities repeatedly, the information obtained will stick in the students memory longer.  While this method is not effective in a small amount of time because this method requires a lot of time, especially at the read stage.

The purpose of this study was to find out how far the understanding of Nasikh and Mansukh by PBA Stambuk 2020 students. This study used a mixed research method, in which data collection was taken using a questionnaire or questionnaire method also using interviews to find research results in the form of descriptive interviews, . The results of the study show that the majority of PBA Stambuk 2020 students have a basic understanding of the Nasikh and Mansukh concepts. These students understand the terminology of Nasikh and Mansukh studies in the study of Al-Qur'an science. However, some students experience difficulties in understanding the study of history and the reasons behind the abolition or replacement of the syara' law or what is known as Nasikh and Mansukh.

Agriculture can be introduced to the community through outreach involving the use of questionnaires, training, and assistance in making food from agricultural products. In this activity, Matching Fund Real Work Lecture students have developed tools and equipment used to support socialization events for making food from agricultural products so that they can be used for a long time and provide benefits to the community. Apart from that, the Matching Fund Real Work Lecture students also created publication articles and activity videos to introduce profiles and methods for making food from agricultural products. There is a socialization stage, the community is given an understanding of the importance of innovation to increase the selling value of agricultural products. For example, teaching about Porang plants, which are not only sold raw, but can also be processed into flour and made into village food. Furthermore, the mentoring stage is carried out to ensure that participants understand their duties and responsibilities and maintain good coordination during the event. The results of the dissemination of Training and Making Village Typical Products with Agricultural Product Diversification have shown a positive impact. Students of the Matching Fund Real Work College and the people of Cupak Village have succeeded in producing processed products such as cookies, kastengel, cendol and cireng.