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This study aims to describe the implementation of learning methods, assessment systems, and learning evaluation in the Philosophy of Science course at STAI Al-Andina Sukabumi, particularly for first-semester students. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the course lecturer to explore the rationale for selecting the lecture method, assessment practices, and evaluation strategies applied in the learning process. The findings indicate that the lecture method combined with guided discussion was chosen as an adaptive strategy to help students develop a conceptual foundation for abstract and theoretical material. The assessment system places greater emphasis on student attendance and participation as a form of process-oriented assessment that encourages active engagement. Learning evaluation is conducted continuously through technology-based quizzes to monitor students’ understanding progressively. These results suggest that the Philosophy of Science learning process at STAI Al-Andina has adopted a contextual and formative pedagogical approach; however, further development of more varied assessment and evaluation methods is still needed to accommodate students’ diverse abilities.

Economic independence for Islamic boarding school graduates remains a challenge amidst competitive job market. This community service (PkM) aims to increase the motivation and insight of female students (santriwati) regarding business opportunities in the service sector as an entrepreneurship alternative without requiring significant capital. The main problem faced by the partners in Baturaja was limited business literacy and the perception that entrepreneurship necessitates physical products. The method employed was socialization through interactive lectures, group discussions, and sharing sessions with academics. The results of the activity indicated a significant increase in entrepreneurial motivation among the students, with 85% of participants now expressing interest in starting service-based businesses such as education, design, or digital services. Furthermore, the participants' understanding of practical steps to initiate a business increased substantially. This activity successfully shifted the students' mindset to become more innovative and independent in facing economic challenges post-boarding school education.

This study aims to develop a Student Worksheet (LKPD) on Chemical Bonding assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) based on deep learning and to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving learning activities and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of high school students. The research employed a 4D development model (define, design, develop, and disseminate) using a pretest posttest control group design involving 11th grade students. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, learning activity questionnaires, and HOTS test instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The results indicated that the AR-based LKPD met very feasible and practical criteria based on expert judgment and student responses. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in learning activities and HOTS achievement (p = 0.005). The increase in HOTS scores in the experimental group was categorized as moderate, indicating meaningful learning gains. These findings demonstrate that the AR-assisted Chemical Bonding LKPD is effective as an innovative learning medium for supporting students’ understanding of abstract chemistry concepts and fostering higher-order thinking skills.

The environmental crisis is a global issue that has become increasingly evident and directly affects human life, including rural communities. Deforestation, environmental pollution, and changes in human lifestyles reflect an imbalanced relationship between humanity and nature. From a Christian faith perspective, the environmental crisis is not merely an ecological or social problem. This article aims to examine ecotheology as a foundation of Christian faith in responding to environmental crises, while also describing its practical implementation through a Community Service program conducted by lecturers and students of the Master’s Program in Christian Religious Education at IAKN Tarutung in 2025 in Situmeang Pintu Bosi Village, Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency. The method employed is a qualitative approach using a participatory service model, which includes ecotheological material presentations, Bible-based reflective discussions, and the accompaniment of simple environmental care actions with the local community. The service materials emphasize the understanding of God as the Creator and Owner of all creation, the cultural mandate and stewardship, the reality of sin and its impact on the degradation of creation, and the role of the church and believers in preserving environmental integrity. The results indicate an increased theological understanding among the community regarding Christian responsibility toward the environment, along with the growth of ethical awareness to care for nature through concrete actions in daily life. This activity affirms that ecotheology is not merely conceptual, but has practical relevance in fostering faith-based ecological awareness.

This study aims to analyze the obstacles in Social Studies (IPS) learning related to global issues influenced by technological advancement through a literature review method. Social Studies plays an essential role in shaping students’ understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political life while fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, in practice, IPS learning often faces various challenges that reduce its effectiveness and attractiveness. One of the main problems is students ’low interestin IPS, as it is often perceived as boring and overly theoretical, combined with the influence of technology that diverts students’ attention toward digital entertainment. Other contributing factors include non-interactive teaching methods, limited learning facilities, unconducive classroom environments, and a lack of parental support. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study found that relevant strategies to overcome these issues include Project-Based Learning, Technology Integration, and Contextual Approaches. These strategies enable students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by linking IPS material to global issues and real-world phenomena. The recommended solutions include implementing project-based education, utilizing interactive digital media, and fostering intercultural dialogue within the learning process. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive IPS learning models in response to technological progress, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating Social Studies learning that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

This study aims to: (1) describe the implementation of local wisdom–based learning in the teaching process of Grade VII B at UPT SMP Negeri 4 Kelara Jeneponto; (2) determine the improvement of students’ social awareness after the implementation of local wisdom–based learning; and (3) identify the enhancement of students’ learning culture through the application of this learning model. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects were 25 seventh-grade students, focusing on two main variables: social awareness and learning culture. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings indicate that the integration of Jeneponto cultural values Tabe’ Karaeng, Sipakatau, Sipakalabbiri, Sipakainga, Siri’ na Pacce, Akbulo Sibatang, and empo sipitangari was implemented effectively and became more optimal in Cycle II after improvements were made through Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the use of more contextual local cases. Students’ social awareness increased from an average of 63.13% in Cycle I (categorized as Fair) to 80.42% in Cycle II (categorized as High). Similarly, students’ learning culture improved from 69.69% (Fair) in Cycle I to 82.66% (High) in Cycle II, meeting the classical mastery criteria. The study concludes that integrating local wisdom into classroom instruction not only strengthens students’ understanding of social studies content but is also effective in shaping their social character and learning habits. This model is recommended for development in other subjects and educational levels.

Low levels of political literacy and political participation awareness among female university students remain a challenge for strengthening democracy at the local level. This condition is also found among female students in East Lombok, who tend to perceive political participation narrowly and lack the skills and confidence to engage actively as citizens. This community service program aims to enhance political literacy, participatory awareness, and the capacity of female students to understand and practice political participation in a critical and responsible manner. The program was implemented at the Institut Teknologi Sosial dan Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Selong using a community organizing approach integrated into the academic learning process. The methods included participatory discussions, mentoring, simulations, and critical reflection, positioning female students as active subjects throughout the activities. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of the meaning and forms of political participation, increased confidence in expressing opinions, and the emergence of new awareness regarding their roles as democratic citizens. In addition, a female student discussion group was formed as a space for collective learning and an early platform for local leadership. This program highlights the role of higher education institutions in promoting social transformation and strengthening women’s political participation at the local level.

This community service program aims to improve the entrepreneurial skills of high school students through the understanding and application of SMART Goal Setting. The activities were carried out in the form of workshops, group discussions, and intensive mentoring for eleventh-grade students. Data were collected through observations, short interviews, participant reflection notes, and documentation of business plans. Analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, emphasizing the participants' experience patterns and behavioral changes after participating in the program. The results showed that students were better able to formulate specific, measurable, realistic, relevant, and time-bound business goals. In addition, participants reported increased self-confidence, regularity in developing business steps, and awareness of the importance of structured planning. These findings confirm the relevance of implementing SMART Goal Setting in high school entrepreneurship education as a practical strategy that can support the emergence of aspiring young entrepreneurs.

The low level of awareness among vocational high school (SMK) students to continue their education to higher education remains a major issue, particularly at SMK Mambail Futuh, Jenu District, Tuban Regency. Economic constraints, limited access to information, and an orientation toward immediate employment are dominant factors influencing students’ decisions. This community service activity aims to build students’ awareness and motivation regarding the importance of higher education as a long-term investment. The implementation method includes educational socialization, interactive discussions, the presentation of inspirational experiences, and the introduction of higher education admission pathways and financing schemes. The results show an improvement in students’ understanding of the benefits of higher education and a growing interest in pursuing further studies after graduation. This activity emphasizes that communicative and contextual educational approaches play a crucial role in encouraging positive mindset changes among SMK students toward higher education.

This study aims to develop learning media for motorcycle hydraulic brake systems through three main aspects. First, it examines the development procedures covering the planning, design, and implementation stages. Second, it evaluates the feasibility of the developed media for Automotive Engineering Education students at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo in terms of effectiveness, ease of use, content relevance, and visual and functional appeal. Third, the study analyzes the effect of the media on improving students’ learning motivation, including learning interest, active participation, and persistence in understanding automotive materials. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving purposively selected students from the Automotive Engineering Education program. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess media feasibility and student responses. Data analysis consisted of a normality test, homogeneity test, and a t-test to identify significant differences between pre- and post-intervention learning outcomes. The results indicate that the developed learning media is feasible and effective, and has a positive impact on students’ learning motivation and learning outcomes at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.

This study aims to describe the use of Powtoon media in increasing student learning motivation in narrative text learning. The location of this research took place on grade X students of SMK Negeri 1 Bokat in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. Data were obtained through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the use of Powtoon media can be applied as a means to significantly increase student learning motivation. Attractive visual displays, dynamic animations, and audio support make the learning process more interactive, fun, and easy to understand. Students appear more focused, active, and enthusiastic in participating in learning activities. Before the use of Powtoon, learning narrative text tended to be monotonous and less interesting. However, after the application of this media, students showed increased interest, involvement, and understanding of the material. Thus, the use of Powtoon can be an alternative learning media that is effective in increasing student learning motivation in learning narrative text.

This study aims to (1) identify and describe the forms of rhetorical strategies used by students in language and literature learning, and (2) analyze the reflection and implementation of elements of Makassar cultural traditions in these rhetorical strategies. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through direct observation of the learning process and in-depth interviews with students as research subjects. The data obtained are analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that students apply several main rhetorical strategies, such as the use of metaphors, similes, symbolic expressions, and local idioms that represent the values ​​of siri' na pacce, namely the concepts of self-esteem, solidarity, and empathy in Makassar culture. These culture-based rhetorical strategies are proven to be able to increase the effectiveness of academic communication, enrich language expression, and strengthen students' awareness and understanding of local cultural identity in the context of language and literature learning in higher education.

This research aims to develop a deep learning-based mathematics e-module with the integration of the context of the Suramadu Bridge in scale and comparison materials for grade VII junior high school students. The development model used is the 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) model which includes the stage of defining learning needs, designing e-modules, product development, and limited deployment. The research instruments used included validation sheets of media and material experts, observation sheets of teacher and student activities, learning outcome tests, and student response questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the e-modules developed met the valid criteria with a media validity level of 94.29% and material of 95%. In addition, the e-module is considered practical with teacher practicality of 78.67% and students of 86.67%, and effective with a learning effectiveness rate of 83.83%. The students' response to the e-module was also very positive, which showed that the integration of the local context of the Suramadu Bridge and the deep learning approach was able to increase student engagement, learning motivation, and understanding of mathematical concepts in a meaningful way. These findings indicate that local context-based e-modules can be an innovative alternative in mathematics learning that is relevant to students' real lives as well as support the implementation of 21st century learning.

This study reviews the implementation of Content and Language Learning (CLIL) in Indonesia senior high school through a systematic review. The review aim to identify research trends, report benefits, and key challenges of CLIL in Indonesia education context. Following the FRISMA guidelines, nine peer-reviewed studies published between 2021 and 2025 were selected from reputable academic databases. The analysis focuses in research design, learning outcomes, and implementation n issues, and it applies the CLIL 4Cs framework—Content, Communication, Cognition, and Culture—as the main analytical lens. The finding indicates that CLIL has appositive impact on student engagement, learning   motivation, and better understanding of content and increased confidence in using English in academic context. CLIL also support active learning and encourages higher-order thinking skills. However, the review reveal several challenges that limit effective implementation. These include limited teacher readiness, insufficient English proficiency among teachers and students, lack of collaboration between subject teachers and English teachers, nd difficulties is assessing content and language learning simultaneously. Analysis the 4Cs framework show that Content and Communication are the most emphasized componet in current CLIL practices, while Cognition receives moderate attention and culture is rarely adressed explicitly. The study concludes that although CLIL is feasible and beneficialfor Indonesia senior high schools, its long-term succes depend on continues teacher professiional development, stronger institutional support, and clearer integration within the Merdeka Curriculum. Theis review provide useful insights for educators, researcher, and policemakers to improve bilingual and CLIL-based instruction in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine in depth the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers as agents of tolerant da‘wah based on Islam Nusantara within multicultural elementary school settings. The research was conducted at SDN 2 Margasari, Pasawahan District, Purwakarta Regency, West Java, which represents the social, cultural, and religious diversity of students. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to obtain a comprehensive understanding of PAI learning practices oriented toward tolerance values. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with PAI teachers and the school principal, direct observations of classroom PAI learning activities, and document analysis of religious programs and activities implemented at the school. The results indicate that PAI teachers play a strategic role in instilling values of tolerance, religious moderation, mutual respect, and appreciation of local wisdom through the application of dialogical, contextual, and inclusive learning methods. The learning strategies applied include the use of local stories and traditions that align with the values of Islam Nusantara, as well as the habituation of tasamuh (tolerance) attitudes in daily interactions within the school environment. This study recommends strengthening the competencies of PAI teachers in understanding and applying the Islam Nusantara approach, as well as integrating values of religious moderation into the elementary school curriculum as a systematic effort to build a culture of tolerance in multicultural educational settings.

This article investigates the effectiveness of cooperative learning using vocabulary flashcards in improving students’ mastery of English adjectives. The research was conducted due to students’ limited vocabulary knowledge. The objective of this article was to examine whether the implementation of a cooperative learning model supported by vocabulary flashcards could enhance students’ adjective mastery and learning engagement. A pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was employed. The participants consisted of 15 junior high school students enrolled in an English course. Data were collected through pretest, posttest, classroom observation, and a student response questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain analysis, while qualitative data were obtained from observation sheets and questionnaire responses. The findings indicate a noticeable improvement in students’ posttest scores compared to their pretest results, with the mean N-Gain score categorized as moderately effective. In addition, observation data revealed high levels of student participation during cooperative learning activities. Questionnaire results further showed positive student responses toward the use of cooperative learning and vocabulary flashcards, particularly in terms of motivation, confidence, and ease of understanding English adjectives. These findings suggest that cooperative learning combined with vocabulary flashcards can effectively support students’ vocabulary development and active engagement. In conclusion, the study provides empirical evidence that cooperative learning facilitates meaningful interaction and knowledge construction, supporting its implementation in English vocabulary instruction. However, future research is recommended to involve larger samples and comparative research designs to strengthen the generalizability of the findings.

Islam Nusantara is a religious concept in Indonesia characterized by moderation, inclusiveness, adaptability to local culture, and emphasizing tolerance. The implementation of these values ​​in school religious practices has been inconsistent due to differing perspectives and rejection of local traditions. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of school religious traditions, analyze the implementation of Islam Nusantara values ​​in these traditions, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and explain their impact on student character. The research method used was a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research location was Qurrota A'yun Elementary School in Purwakarta. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, the Principal and Islamic Religious Education Teachers understand the concept of Islam Nusantara as a harmonious integration of Islam with local culture within the corridors of faith and sharia. Its implementation is realized through structured religious traditions (the culture of greetings, dhuha prayer, murojaah, etc.) that successfully integrate local wisdom. A significant impact is an increase in politeness, tolerance, religiosity, and respect for local culture among students. Supporting factors include school leadership and teacher-parent collaboration, while differences in understanding become obstacles that are overcome through intensive communication. The implementation of Nusantara Islamic values ​​in school religious traditions has proven effective in shaping students' character to be moderate, tolerant, and respectful of tradition. Schools are advised to strengthen program planning with written guidelines and a measurable evaluation system to monitor character development on an ongoing basis.

In facing the ever-evolving challenges of the times, creative and innovative thinking has become one of the essential competencies that must be possessed by the younger generation, particularly high school students. Creativity is not only useful in academic contexts but is also highly relevant to the development of entrepreneurial spirit. The earlier students are introduced to the process of generating business ideas, the greater their opportunities to develop their potential and create employment in the future. However, not all students have adequate access to or understanding of how to generate original and applicable business ideas. Therefore, a systematic and easy-to-apply approach is needed to assist them in the process of discovering new business ideas. One creative method that can be utilized is the SCAMPER approach (Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to Another Use, Eliminate, and Rearrange). This approach is a creative thinking technique aimed at modifying or developing existing products, services, or ideas into something new and valuable. Through this community service activity, the implementation team seeks to provide training and mentoring for high school students in exploring potential business ideas using the SCAMPER approach. It is expected that students will understand the creative thinking process in the context of entrepreneurship and be able to generate business ideas that are aligned with their surrounding environment and market needs.

High school student’s poor understanding of mathematics remains a common problem, particularly in terms of learning motivation and independent problem-solving skills. This situation is also experienced by students at Nurul Jadid High School, where mathematics lessons tend to be perceived as difficult and boring. This community service activity aims to improve student’s mathematical understanding through the implementation of the Fun Arithmetic game-based tutoring program, designed to be interactive and fun. The methods used in this activity include planning, implementation, and evaluation. The activity was implemented through group tutoring using an educational math game that integrates the concepts of counting, problem-solving, and healthy competition between students. Evaluation was carried out through observation, and pre- and post-activity comprehension tests. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of mathematical concepts, as indicated by an increase in final test scores compared to the initial test. In addition, students demonstrated a more positive, enthusiastic, and active attitude in participating in mathematics learning. Thus, the Fun Arithmetic game-based tutoring program has proven effective as an alternative learning strategy to improve students' mathematical understanding of Nurul Jadid High School and create a more interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere.

Training on a Bluetooth-based lighting control system with Arduino Uno for students of SMA Xaverius 3 Palembang is one of the community service activities carried out by lecturers from the Palcomtech Institute of Technology and Business and lecturers from Lembah Dempo University. The purpose of this activity is to increase students' knowledge and abilities to utilize Arduino Uno for lighting control. The activity was carried out on Tuesday, November 11, 2025 in Room 3.2 of the Palcomtech Institute of Technology and Business, Palembang. The training was attended by 36 students. The implementation method was carried out by presentation and practice. The training activities were divided into three parts, namely the first presentation about Arduino Uno, the second practice of using Arduino Uno for control, the third exercise by students as an evaluation material to determine the level of understanding of participants. The results of this activity are to increase students' knowledge about Arduino Uno and its various benefits, one of which is for lighting control. This implementation went very well where the training participants actively participated in the activities from the beginning to the end and were able to carry out the exercise on using Arduino Uno for lighting control well and on time, which means that participants could understand the material presented well.