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The history of the linguistic family reveals that a significant portion of the Arabic language has been in use since ancient times in daily life. The absorption of words from Arabic into Indonesian occurs significantly, with 2,336 Arabic vocabularies becoming an integral part of the Indonesian language. This process is triggered by the arrival of Middle Eastern traders in the 7th to 8th centuries AD and the spread of Islam in the 11th and 12th centuries AD in the Nusantara region (Hadi, 1995). The age of the Arabic language in Nusantara has surpassed 12 centuries, indicating an enduring influence over the centuries. Although Indonesian absorbs many words from Arabic, there are also homonyms, where similar words have different meanings (Chaer, 2003, p. 302). This research indicates that a profound understanding of the history of the Arabic language in Nusantara is crucial, not only to depict linguistic evolution but also to delineate the complexity of meanings and structural differences between the two languages.    

This research discusses the moral degradation of the younger generation in Indonesia and the role of Islamic education in overcoming this problem. The phenomenon of moral degradation of the younger generation is increasingly disturbing with the increasing number of cases of tarnished morals, both in direct social interactions and via social media. The main causes of this moral degradation include promiscuity, unwise use of social media, and lack of supervision from parents. Islamic education is considered a relevant solution to face this problem. In this research, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was used to collect and analyze related literature. The findings of this research show that Islamic education has an integral, progressive and functional role in overcoming the moral degradation of the younger generation. The integration of Islamic education in the school curriculum is also considered important to shape the character of students. However, there are internal and external challenges faced in implementing Islamic education, including a less comprehensive understanding of Islamic teachings, as well as the negative influence of scientific and technological progress. This research contributes to understanding the complexity of the moral degradation of the younger generation and the relevance of Islamic education as a solution in facing these challenges. Therefore, it is important for Islamic educational institutions to continue to develop effective and relevant strategies in shaping the morals of the younger generation through Islamic education.

This research explores the status of customary criminal law in the context of positive law in Indonesia. Customary criminal law, as an integral part of the cultural heritage of Indonesian society, has values and norms that have developed from generation to generation. However, in an era of increasingly structured positive law, fundamental questions arise regarding the extent to which customary criminal law is accommodated and recognized by the formal legal system. This research uses a normative legal approach to analyze statutory regulations, court decisions, and related legal literature. Research findings identify that although customary criminal law is not explicitly regulated in the national positive law system, there are certain efforts to recognize and respect its existence. In this context, this research explores the concept of integrating customary criminal law into a positive legal system as a medium of preserving legal plurality and realizing local justice. Apart from that, this analysis also discusses the challenges and potential conflicts between customary criminal law and modern positive law principles, as well as efforts that can be made to achieve harmony between the two. In conclusion, this research contributes to a better understanding of the status of customary criminal law in the context of positive law in Indonesia, by highlighting important aspects to be considered in developing inclusive and just legal policies. This research is in the form of a research article.

This research is specifically to find out how the principal's leadership in improving teacher performance at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam, the factors that can influence and factors that can improve teacher performance, are expected. By knowing all that, some suggestions can be given that can be taken into consideration for school principals, especially in improving the performance of teachers in their schools. The essence of the principal's leadership is aimed at guiding and fostering teachers to become professional teachers and have achievements and performance and teaching skills. The teacher is the most decisive component in the education system as a whole, which must receive central attention. This figure will always be a strategic spotlight when talking about education issues, because teachers are always associated with any component in the education system, especially in relation to the teaching and learning process. With a professional teacher, a further goal, namely improving student learning outcomes will be achieved. It is the principal's duty as a leader to assist teachers in improving teacher professionalism and performance. While there are still many teachers who in carrying out learning activities have not met expectations. Therefore, the author needs to examine the pattern of Principal Leadership in an effort to improve teacher performance at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam. From the results of the study it was stated that the principal's leadership was considered good, but had not had a positive impact on improving teacher performance at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam While the performance of teachers at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam is considered good, but has not run optimally as expected, this is due to the lack of teacher ability in preparing learning tools, especially Learning Implementation Plans, inadequate school facilities and infrastructure, and also the difficulties of teachers in creating educational interactions between students and teachers, as well as the difficulty of creating a conducive classroom. However, at the level of evaluation/assessment of learning outcomes, the average teacher has implemented it well and added remedial and enrichment programs

The quality of education or the quality of KBM in Indonesia is still very low compared to other countries, for that in improving the quality of education in Indonesia, efforts from various parties are needed. These parties other than the government and the community are school principals. Because the principal is a leader in educational institutions, therefore the principal has a very important role in improving the quality of KBM.. The improvement of KBM quality can be measured through several conditions, namely inputs, processes and outputs. Input is the way the school screens prospective students, while the process is a way both teaching and learning in a school led by a teacher (Teaching and Learning Activities), while output is the result of the process. This research has a purpose, namely: to determine the principal's efforts in improving the quality of KBM at SMPI Integral Luqman AL-Hakim 02. Basically, this research is descriptive qualitative, providing a picture or description of a situation as clearly as possible about certain individuals or groups in accordance with actual conditions. The descriptive method is used to analyze qualitative data with data that cannot be realized with numbers. Thus, the results of the study show that the Principal of SMPI Integral Luqman AL-Hakim 02 Batam always strives to improve the quality of KBM in various ways, including always holding or participating in training on the ability to manage KBM, always striving for teachers according to their respective competencies, always providing coaching or motivation to students, always striving for infrastructure and learning media to support KBM, always supervise the running of KBM

Indonesia, with its dynamic democratic process, is often characterized by patronage politics and money politics during the Regional Head General Election (PILKADA). This phenomenon has become an integral part of the political reality of this country. Patronage politics, which involves the use of power or position to influence political support, and political practices involving money that financially benefit interest groups, have a significant impact on the democratic process. This research aims to understand how democratic patronage and money political practices are carried out by candidates candidates based on regional election experience by UNIMED PPkn students. There are several strategies to overcome this problem, and implementing these strategies must involve cooperation between the government, supervisory institutions, civil society and the media in order to create a cleaner and more transparent political environment.

The quality of Indonesian education is the absolute responsibility of the Ministry of National Education which is implemented as a manifestation of macro policies that are applied simultaneously in Indonesia. Policy is a whole set of concepts and principles that become the outline and basis of plans in the implementation of policies set to achieve goals as targets that must be achieved. Problems found by researchers during initial observations of research related to the implementation of character education management at SMAI Integral Hidayatullah Boarding School Batam are Character education management innovations at SMAI Integral Hidayatullah Boarding School Batam have not been fully felt by students as objects of policy implementation. The effectiveness of the implementation of character education management is considered less effective with no synergy found between planning, implementing and evaluating the achievement of character education management targets due to less than optimal school support. This research implements qualitative research methods. Qualitative research activities, the data collected are not numbers but in the form of words or images. The data in question is in the form of interviews, field notes, personal documents and others. The results of the study formulated several efforts made in overcoming obstacles in developing students' interests, attitudes, and positive behaviors at SMAI Integral Hidayatullah Boarding school, one of which is to intensify the discipline of madrasah residents, because discipline is a factor that supports success in improving the quality of education. Strive for learning facilities and infrastructure, utilize free space for religious practice, work on software gradually, and add supporting books through the BOS program, and arouse student interest with various learning methods.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is one of the business strategies that companies can employ to foster positive relationships between the company and its customers. This research aims to explore and analyze the CRM service strategies employed by Zipzap Corporation, examining the factors influencing the effectiveness of these strategies in enhancing brand loyalty for Zipzap Corporation. The research methodology utilized is qualitative, involving interviews with both Zipzap Corporation customers and customer service employees. The findings reveal that Zipzap Corporation implements CRM strategies encompassing post-sales and delivery service stages.  Customer perspectives indicate that factors such as communication ease, product quality, and trust are primary considerations when selecting a vendor. These factors are integral to the CRM service strategy, aiming to enhance brand loyalty for Zipzap Corporation. This study provides insights into CRM service strategies that companies can adopt to build strong customer relationships, ultimately contributing to the overall business objectives and sustainability.

Bullying, especially in the digital era, has become a serious concern due to its involvement in various forms of physical, verbal, and social violence. Empathy education is considered an integral solution to address this issue by instilling the ability to sense and understand the feelings of others from an early age. This article also outlines the concept of bullying, its effects on perpetrators and victims, as well as its long-term impacts. Furthermore, empathy education is discussed in-depth as a preventive and remedial strategy for bullying. Empathy is not only taught to children but is also applied to those responsible within the school. Through theoretical studies, this article correlates the concept of bullying with a lack of empathy and details the significance of empathy education in the development of students' characters. Empathy education is deemed essential as it influences positive behavior, enhances the quality of social interactions, and fosters meaningful relationships.

Bullying, especially in the digital era, has become a serious concern due to its involvement in various forms of physical, verbal, and social violence. Empathy education is considered an integral solution to address this issue by instilling the ability to sense and understand the feelings of others from an early age. This article also outlines the concept of bullying, its effects on perpetrators and victims, as well as its long-term impacts. Furthermore, empathy education is discussed in-depth as a preventive and remedial strategy for bullying. Empathy is not only taught to children but is also applied to those responsible within the school. Through theoretical studies, this article correlates the concept of bullying with a lack of empathy and details the significance of empathy education in the development of students' characters. Empathy education is deemed essential as it influences positive behavior, enhances the quality of social interactions, and fosters meaningful relationships.

This research investigates the integration of digitalization challenges in maritime education, focusing on 240 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). In their pivotal third semester, cadets undergo comprehensive preparation for internships, aligning with their majors—Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management. The study, adopting a qualitative descriptive approach, delves into cadets' perspectives on "An Integrative Approach for Digitalization Challenges of the Future Maritime Specialists" over three semesters. The findings reveal a nuanced landscape. While cadets acknowledge the importance of digital competencies, there is a notable gap in their confidence in preparedness. The positive correlation between perceived digital proficiency and overall professional competences signifies the integral connection between traditional maritime skills and digital literacy. Motivations driving cadets include enhanced employability (64%) and personal development (28%), pointing to a pragmatic and forward-looking mindset. The self-checked intelligence aspect exposes a potential gap between awareness and action, with 80% recognizing its importance but only 35% engaging in regular self-assessment. Perspectives on digital challenges reflect a balance between optimism (52%) and concerns about job displacement (38%), necessitating a holistic educational approach. The research underscores the paramount importance of English literacy, with 82% recognizing its significance in international maritime communication. The implications call for targeted curriculum enhancements, interventions promoting regular self-assessment, and a balanced approach to addressing digital challenges. Recommendations include bridging the gap between recognized importance and perceived preparedness, leveraging motivations for tailored programs, and cultivating a culture of self-reflection. In conclusion, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of cadets' perspectives, offering a roadmap for STIP Jakarta and similar institutions to navigate the digital horizons of maritime education effectively.

This academic research delves into the critical examination of the computer literacy and socioreligious perspectives of first-year cadets enrolled in the International Maritime Education programme at Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). The study focuses on 200 randomly selected cadets who represent a diverse range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds within Indonesia. As future global officers, these cadets are integral to the maritime sector's international landscape and are expected to communicate fluently in English, adhering to the standards set by the International Maritime Organization's International Maritime Education and Training (IMO-STCW) guidelines. The research is centred on the first semester cadets, freshly graduated from senior high school, enrolled in three majors: Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management. These majors collectively contribute to the production of qualified seamen, deck officers, and engine officers. The investigation employs qualitative research methods and descriptive analysis to comprehend the cadets' competences in computer literacy. The focal point is the introductory study of computer science and maritime technology tailored for the Nautical and Technical majors. Moreover, the research incorporates an examination of the socioreligious dimensions influencing the cadets' perspectives on their educational journey. Given that the cadets hail from diverse regions of Indonesia, they bring with them a rich tapestry of linguistic and cultural practices, utilising both Bahasa Indonesia and their traditional languages in their daily lives. The study aims to understand how these socioreligious factors intertwine with their academic pursuits and adherence to international standards. In conclusion, this research contributes to the broader discourse on maritime education by providing insights into the intersection of computer literacy, socioreligious perspectives, and international competencies among first-year cadets. The findings are expected to inform educational strategies and policies to better prepare cadets for the evolving demands of the global maritime industry.

This academic research delves into the critical examination of the computer literacy and socioreligious perspectives of first-year cadets enrolled in the International Maritime Education programme at Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). The study focuses on 200 randomly selected cadets who represent a diverse range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds within Indonesia. As future global officers, these cadets are integral to the maritime sector's international landscape and are expected to communicate fluently in English, adhering to the standards set by the International Maritime Organization's International Maritime Education and Training (IMO-STCW) guidelines. The research is centred on the first semester cadets, freshly graduated from senior high school, enrolled in three majors: Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management. These majors collectively contribute to the production of qualified seamen, deck officers, and engine officers. The investigation employs qualitative research methods and descriptive analysis to comprehend the cadets' competences in computer literacy. The focal point is the introductory study of computer science and maritime technology tailored for the Nautical and Technical majors. Moreover, the research incorporates an examination of the socioreligious dimensions influencing the cadets' perspectives on their educational journey. Given that the cadets hail from diverse regions of Indonesia, they bring with them a rich tapestry of linguistic and cultural practices, utilising both Bahasa Indonesia and their traditional languages in their daily lives. The study aims to understand how these socioreligious factors intertwine with their academic pursuits and adherence to international standards. In conclusion, this research contributes to the broader discourse on maritime education by providing insights into the intersection of computer literacy, socioreligious perspectives, and international competencies among first-year cadets. The findings are expected to inform educational strategies and policies to better prepare cadets for the evolving demands of the global maritime industry.

This research entitled "The Relation of Religious Moderation in the Malay Muslim Community of South Sumatra to Democratic Stability" aims to analyze the relationship of religious moderation in the Malay Muslim community in South Sumatra and its impact on democratic stability in the region. In the context of a religiously and ethnically heterogeneous society, religious moderation is an important factor influencing the stability of a democratic system. This research methodology includes surveys, interviews and content analysis regarding the understanding and practice of religious moderation in the Malay Muslim community. The resulting data was then analyzed to determine the relationship between religious moderation and democratic stability, taking into account other factors that might influence this relationship. Research findings show that in the Malay Muslim community in South Sumatra, the practice of religious moderation can make a positive contribution to democratic stability. Religious moderation can play an important role in encouraging interfaith dialogue, reducing opportunities for conflict, and increasing inclusive political participation. In this context, understanding and implementing the values ​​of religious moderation in the Malay Muslim community of South Sumatra can be considered as social capital that supports sustainable and stable democratic development. These results have important implications for developing policies and strategic approaches that encourage religious moderation as an integral part of the social and political dynamics of society.    

In writing this article, the author used a descriptive qualitative method that tries to explain the role of church leaders in fostering interreligious harmony amidst the diversity of indonesian society. This article highlights the integral role played by church leaders in advancing interfaith harmony in indonesia, a society rich in ethnic, religious, racial, and cultural diversity. In the midst of this complexity, church leaders are not only spiritual figures, but also agents of developing understanding, tolerance and cooperation between religious communities. By teaching the values ​​of love, peace, forgiveness and respect, they shape their people's perspective on the importance of living peacefully with people of other religions. Apart from communicating these values ​​through sermons and teaching, church leaders are also a driving force in fostering inter-religious dialogue and campaigning messages of peace and tolerance. They emphasized that all religions are not a source of conflict, but rather wealth that can deepen the social and spiritual dimensions of society.Awareness of the importance of interfaith harmony and the active role of church leaders in strengthening it is crucial to ensuring harmony and progress in indonesia as a pluralistic country. Church leaders are not only responsible in the spiritual realm, but also play a key role in building a solid foundation for interfaith harmony in society. Reference sources, such as scriptures, journals, and theological sources, provide a credible foundation that supports the overall argument presented in this article.    

Extracurricular activities are an integral part of every educational institution throughout a year of learning. In the current era where information is demanded at an accelerated pace, this research aims to develop a web-based extracurricular attendance information system for SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Benjeng. The current extracurricular attendance system at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Benjeng is manual, prompting the need for this research to construct a website-based information system to facilitate students, supervising teachers, and staff at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Benjeng. The extracurricular website serves as a source of information for the school principal, class teachers, and extracurricular supervisors. It provides information about students participating in extracurricular activities, the schedule of extracurricular sessions, and generates attendance reports for students over a semester and a full academic year. The system is designed using the waterfall method, implemented through (PHP) and MySQL. This research has successfully created a web-based platform for the management of extracurricular attendance. It is anticipated that this system will offer support to stakeholders responsible for overseeing extracurricular activities.

Abstract. Development is a pattern of changes experienced by an individual from the time they are still in the womb until a certain period of life.  Development generally involves growth (progress) but at certain times it will involve aging.  This development is the result of the maturity process and learning experiences of each individual.  Development is closely related to tempo and rhythm, it is integral to it.  Individuals who experience development can be marked by certain characteristics, but it is not uncommon for individuals to be less aware of the changes that have occurred to them.  This research uses a critical review method, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles and other media.  The main aim of this approach is to improve the reader’s understanding and interpretation skills in the context of prenatal, early childhood and child development psychology while offering a critical assessment of the material reviewed.  In addition, a critical review requires identifying important topics in the literature, analyzing the methodology used, and evaluating the strengths and limitations of the sources studied.  In development, there is a pattern of changes experienced by individuals from the time they are still in the womb up to a certain period of life. In a child’s life there are two processes that have the potential to be continuous, namely growth and development. In this case, both processes have stages, including moral and spiritual stages.

Life insurance has become integral to individual and family finances in the modern era, providing financial protection and peace of mind. Life insurance claims involve complexities that require in-depth understanding from both the policyholder and the insurance company. Legal protection in insurance claims is important to ensure policyholder rights are protected. This article investigates legal protection for life insurance policyholders during the claims process, analyzing regulations, dispute resolution mechanisms, and how legal protection ensures policyholder rights are safeguarded. The research method uses a juridical-normative approach with literature study, applying analytical descriptive analysis. The results illustrate the importance of understanding statutory provisions, consumer protection, and dispute resolution.

This research aims to investigate the impact of gadget use on the emotional development of adolescents. The research method used is Literature Review or literature review with descriptive analysis. Gadgets, as modern electronic media, have become an integral part of teenagers' daily lives. However, excessive use of gadgets can cause emotional changes, social isolation, and negative impacts on teenagers' academic performance. Gadget addiction can also affect mental health, with symptoms of anxiety and depression as possible impacts. Parents and families need to monitor and guide teenagers in using gadgets wisely to ensure a healthy balance between technology and real life. The research results show that excessive use of gadgets can cause emotional instability, social isolation, and impaired academic performance in adolescents. In conclusion, it is important to monitor teenagers' gadget use in order to maximize the positive benefits without compromising their emotional and social well-being.    

This research discusses the planning, implementation and evaluation of educational policies at MTs PAB 2 Sampali as an integral part of efforts to improve the quality of secondary education. Qualitative methods were used with interviews, observation and document analysis. Madrasa heads were the main respondents, ensuring an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of policy implementation. 1) Policy planning begins with identifying needs and challenges involving analysis of student achievement, facilities and curriculum development. Consultation and participation of stakeholders, including teachers, parents and students, is the next step. Goals and objectives are set with a focus on improving achievement, strengthening the curriculum, and student participation. 2) The implementation process begins with careful planning, communication and socialization of policies to stakeholders, training and professional development for teachers, full implementation of policies, and ongoing evaluation. Positive impacts can be seen in increasing student achievement, student participation in extracurricular activities, and parental involvement. However, limited resources and resistance to change are challenges that need to be overcome. 3) This research provides a positive picture of MTs PAB 2 Sampali's efforts to improve the quality of education through policy planning, implementation and evaluation. Even though challenges exist, a commitment to continuous improvement can make this institution an inspiring example in planning education policies that have a positive impact.