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Learning media is an important component in the teaching and learning process because it functions as a tool to convey information that can stimulate students' interest, attention, and understanding of the material. The implementation of rotating wheel media and Canva digital media in Christian Religious Education (PAK) learning at SMKS Tarung Riwut has been proven to be able to create a more interactive, enjoyable, and contextual learning atmosphere. The rotating wheel media provides a learning experience that is direct, competitive, and actively involves all students, so it is very effective in increasing student involvement and understanding of Christian teaching values. Meanwhile, Canva digital media provides a creative and visual expression space that allows teachers and students to design learning materials with an attractive and easy appearance. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, which aims to describe in depth the process of implementing rotating wheel media and Canva digital media in Christian Religious Education (PAK) learning at SMKS Tarung Riwut. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Observations were carried out during the learning process to find out how the two media were applied by the teacher and responded to by the students. Interviews were conducted with PAK teachers and several students to explore perceptions, experiences, and benefits felt during the use of the media. It is understood, in line with the demands of 21st century learning.

This article analyzes the Pentecostal charismatic pedagogy of Peter Hocken in the context of Christian Religious Education (CRE), focusing on the integration of the Holy Spirit's experience and a transformative learning approach. Through theological and pedagogical studies, this research examines how Hocken emphasizes the role of spiritual gifts, worship, and faith community as central elements in Christian Religious Education (CRE). Unlike the traditional cognitive-doctrinal model of Christian education, Hocken's approach offers a holistic experiential learning paradigm. This article also explores the challenges of its implementation, including criticism from a conservative theological perspective regarding the potential for subjectivity and the lack of emphasis on systematic doctrine. Furthermore, this research highlights the relevance of Hocken's pedagogy in the context of the global church, particularly in the Global South and Messianic Jewish communities, where charismatic dimensions and local cultures interact. The findings indicate that although this model provides a new dynamic for CRE, its success depends on the educators' ability to balance charismatic freedom with a measurable learning structure. This article concludes that Hocken's thinking not only enriches the discourse on Charismatic/Pentecostal education but also broadly challenges the church to rethink the approach to CRE in the contemporary era.

Adequate skin hydration is essential for maintaining skin elasticity, softness, and overall barrier function. Insufficient hydration can lead to various skin health issues, one of the most common being dry skin. This condition is more prone to irritation, itching, and cracking, which can increase the risk of infection. The Community Service Program (PKM) conducted in Tanjung Duren Selatan aimed to raise public awareness about the importance of maintaining skin moisture through educational activities and hydration level screening using a skin analyzer. This program was carried out using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, including skin hydration assessments and education on risk factors, the impact of skin dehydration, and appropriate skincare strategies. Of the 104 participants, 68 individuals (65.38%) were found to have low skin oil levels, and 82 individuals (78.85%) had low skin water content, indicating dry skin conditions. These results highlight the importance of skin hydration screening as an early detection tool for skin health risks and as a foundational step to promote preventive skincare awareness in support of overall health and quality of life.

Pulmonary function disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain major public health challenges, particularly in densely populated urban areas like Kapuk, Cengkareng, which are characterized by high exposure to air pollution and smoking habits. Early detection using spirometry is a crucial preventive strategy to identify respiratory dysfunction before the onset of clinical symptoms. This community engagement program aimed to conduct lung function screening using spirometric evaluation, focusing on the FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1%) as a primary indicator. The program was conducted in Kapuk, Cengkareng, involving 64 participants from the public. Spirometry was used to measure Vital Capacity (VC), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Activities began with community outreach, participant registration, brief anamnesis, and standardized spirometry procedures performed by trained health professionals. The results were immediately shared with participants along with individualized health education. Most participants were female (68.7%), with a mean age of 41.86 years. The average VC was 2.62 L, FVC 2.36 L, and FEV1 2.10 L. The mean FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1%) was 91.66% (SD = 8.07), indicating that all participants (100%) had normal pulmonary function. These findings demonstrate that spirometry effectively provides an objective overview of respiratory health status and serves as a preventive monitoring tool. Spirometry-based pulmonary screening represents an effective preventive intervention to increase community awareness of respiratory health. The FEV1% value has been proven to be a vital parameter for early assessment of lung function. This program offers a replicable model for community-based early detection strategies in other high-risk urban areas. Keywords: Spirometry, FEV1%, Lung Function, Early Detection, Community Service

This article explores the relationship between the theology of Christian Religious Education (CRE) and the Church in contributing to relevant, contextual, and transformative theological education. The Church, as a community of faith and spiritual institution, plays a strategic role in shaping theological understanding through teaching, discipleship, and ministry. Meanwhile, CRE within the formal education system is tasked with delivering Christian values through pedagogical and academic approaches. In an era shaped by secularism, pluralism, and technological advancement, both challenges and opportunities arise for CRE and the Church to collaborate meaningfully. Through literature review and theological analysis, this article identifies key challenges such as the gap between theory and practice, limited human resources, and the influence of popular culture that often contradicts Christian values. On the other hand, significant opportunities exist, including the use of digital technology, the strengthening of faith-based character education, and the implementation of contextual approaches to theological teaching. The article affirms the importance of a strategic partnership between the Church and CRE in developing theological education that not only informs the mind but also transforms lives through strong Christian character in everyday contexts.

The tongue is a small part of the body that holds significant power to influence both individual life and community well-being. James 3:1–12 provides a firm warning about the dangers of an uncontrolled tongue, depicting it as a fire, a world of evil, and deadly poison. This study aims to examine the meaning of controlling the tongue as a responsibility of Christian spirituality through a literature review and exegetical-hermeneutical analysis of James 3:1–12. This qualitative research employs primary data from the biblical text (Indonesian Bible Society version and the Greek text) and secondary data from commentaries, Christian ethics books, and theological journals. The findings indicate that controlling the tongue is a sign of spiritual maturity and an essential aspect of Christian discipline that must be continuously cultivated. Disciplined speech reflects living faith and serves as a means to foster love, truth, and peace within the community. This study highlights the need for churches and believers to integrate ethical speech as a core part of their witness in the world.  

Contemporary Christian leadership encounters complex challenges when integrating intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligence. Limited understanding of obedience as a leadership foundation results in weakened spiritual development and integrity in ministry. This research employs a qualitative approach through comprehensive literature review, analyzing diverse theological literature, scientific journals, and academic sources discussing Christian leadership and obedience principles. The study reveals the concept of "Obedience Before Greatness" as a leadership paradigm positioning submission to God as a prerequisite for greatness, contrasting conventional leadership approaches that prioritize external achievements. Findings demonstrate that authentic and sustainable Christian leadership grows from obedience to God rather than personal ambition. Submission shapes character and integrity, producing leaders who serve with humility for God's glory.

This article discusses the challenges and strategies of the church in facing the ever-changing times today while continuing to uphold Christian values. The author analyzes how globalization and shifts in cultural paradigms influence the role and relevance of the church in today's diverse society. The discussion includes the importance of theological and practical adaptation, as well as the necessity for visionary leadership to navigate the complexities of the modern world. The main objective is to identify transformative approaches that allow the church not only to maintain its spiritual integrity but also to continue contributing positively to shaping an evolving society, without losing its identity and eternal mission.  

This study explores the challenges of evangelism in the modern era, particularly in reaching groups that are apathetic towards the gospel. Using 1 Corinthians 9:19-27 as its foundation, which highlights the importance of flexibility in evangelistic approaches to reach speople from various backgrounds, this research applies the Apostle Paul’s concept of adaptability to contemporary evangelism among apathetic groups. Specifically, it examines how biblically-based adaptive strategies can be utilized by churches and individual Christians in their evangelistic mission. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the application of the principle of flexibility in 1 Corinthians 9:19-27 for apathetic groups and to assess how this principle can enhance the effectiveness of evangelism in today’s context. Through this research, it is hoped that new, more relevant approaches for ministry in a diverse society will be identified. This study employs a qualitative method, using biblical text analysis and systematic theological reflection. Findings indicate that applying the principle of flexibility in evangelism is not only effective in addressing apathy, but also allows evangelists to build more personal and empathetic relationships with those they seek to reach. In Paul’s sense, flexibility involves adapting without compromising gospel truth, offering a pertinent strategy for meeting the challenges of evangelizing to apathetic individuals.  

This article explores the exemplary life of Moses in the Old Testament as an inspiration for Generation Z in nurturing and sustaining their faith amidst the challenges of the digital era. As a spiritual leader and bearer of God's law, Moses exemplified obedience, courage, and faith-based leadership—values that remain relevant for today’s youth. Through significant events in his life such as the burning bush encounter, the Exodus, and the wilderness journey, Moses emphasized the importance of trusting God and living according to His commandments. The article also highlights the role of the family, particularly fathers, in providing spiritual education, as well as the necessity for continuous and contextually relevant faith education. By emulating Moses, Generation Z is encouraged to develop strong faith, maintain hope in God, and face societal pressures and life uncertainties with resilience and spiritual conviction.

This article aims to discuss the life of faith of the Israelites as God's chosen people, whether they were loyal to God or to Baal, especially on the journey to the promised land. The Israelites undertook a long and challenging journey. They were ordered by the prophet Moses to be free from Egypt and after Moses' death he was replaced by Joshua, the Israelis lived their lives in the desert for about 40 years, finally reaching the promised land promised by God. For 40 years in the desert, they got food in the form of manna and quail. They also experienced various tests and trials including rebellion and disbelief in God's guiding hand. The Israelites were known as an impatient nation. For example, when Moses was on Mount Sinai when God gave His law to Moses and Moses took too long to come down from the mountain. The Israelites there could not wait patiently because they were afraid of death and starvation because there was no one to lead. They talked to Harun to make a golden calf statue, which was considered to have power and was believed to be a substitute for God to continue their journey. They made a statue of a golden calf because Moses had not come down from Mount Sinai and was thought to be dead. The impatient attitude of the Israelites finally took a shortcut by making a golden calf that was considered to be able to replace God's position. Of course this made God angry because it had violated the 2nd commandment, namely "do not make for yourself any idol".

This study explores the digital partnership system implemented by PT X in engaging with MSMEs and freelance workers. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The findings reveal that while PT X's platform facilitates economic opportunities, it also creates new forms of dependency and inequality. Algorithmic opacity, unbalanced revenue-sharing schemes, and limited user control challenge the fairness and sustainability of such partnerships. This study suggests that digital platforms must rethink their governance and algorithm design to ensure equitable and inclusive collaboration with partners in Indonesia.  

This study examines Boras Sipir Ni Tondi, a sacred cultural symbol of the Batak community which literally means “rice that restores the soul,” often used in traditional rituals as a medium of spiritual healing, blessing, and communal solidarity. The research addresses the growing theological tension and cultural disconnection among Batak Christian youth who are caught between ancestral heritage and the normative teachings of Christianity. The objective of this study is to explore the symbolic and theological meaning of Boras Sipir Ni Tondi and to develop a contextual approach for its integration into Christian Religious Education (CRE). Using a qualitative research approach with library research methods and contextual hermeneutic analysis, the study draws on theological literature, cultural anthropology, and scriptural narratives. The findings reveal that Boras Sipir Ni Tondi holds profound symbolic meanings aligned with Christian concepts of restoration, spiritual renewal, and divine grace. When interpreted theologically, this symbol can serve as a pedagogical tool to bridge faith and culture, especially through reflective learning models, contextual liturgies, and integrative teaching strategies. The study proposes that by embracing culturally meaningful symbols within the framework of biblical theology, CRE can foster spiritual identity that is both rooted in tradition and transformative in faith. It concludes that a critical and theologically grounded inculturation of local symbols enhances the relevance of Christian education, enabling learners to embody faith that is contextually aware, spiritually alive, and culturally rooted.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of User Experience and Word of Mouth on Customer Satisfaction in the Oxygen.id Home service, one of the internet providers in Indonesia. In today’s digital era, the quality of internet service is measured not only by connection speed and stability but also by the user’s experience when interacting with the service. User Experience encompasses aspects such as ease of use, interface design, responsiveness, and emotional comfort during service usage. A well-designed User Experience can enhance positive perceptions of the service and lead to increased Customer Satisfaction. Customer Satisfaction plays a crucial role as a bridge between User Experience and Word of Mouth. Satisfied customers tend to be more willing to recommend the service to others, either directly or through social media. Word of Mouth serves as a trusted form of organic promotion and has a significant impact on attracting potential new customers. Therefore, Word of Mouth is not only an outcome of good service but also a part of an effective growth strategy in a competitive industry. This study employs a quantitative approach by collecting data through surveys of active Oxygen.id Home users. The analysis results indicate a strong relationship between User Experience, Customer Satisfaction, and Word of Mouth, with Customer Satisfaction acting as a significant mediating variable. These findings emphasize the importance for service providers to continuously optimize User Experience in order to increase customer loyalty and expand market reach through the power of Word of Mouth.

Dyslipidemia is one of the most common metabolic disorders among the productive-age population and plays a major role in increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and stroke. This condition often remains asymptomatic in its early stages, making regular monitoring of cholesterol and HDL levels a critical step in the early detection of atherosclerosis risk. Community-based screening programs revealed that 42.25% of participants had elevated total cholesterol levels, while 26.76% had very low HDL levels and 43.66% had low HDL levels. These findings highlight the urgency of early detection of dyslipidemia to prevent long-term complications that may impair individual quality of life. Through timely interventions involving nutritional education, dietary modifications, and increased physical activity, blood lipid levels can be effectively managed to prevent the progression of cardiometabolic disease and support long-term heart health.

This study raises the theme of Theology of Faith Based on Proverbs 3:1–8 in an effort to strengthen the spiritual life of the members of the Indonesian Protestant Christian Church (GKPI) Pandumaan Special Congregation amidst the challenges of the modern era. Proverbs 3:1–8 teaches important theological principles about living a strong faith, living in wisdom, faithfulness, and fearing God. Through qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study found that many church members experience wavering faith due to the influence of secular culture, technological advances, and social pressures. This study interprets Proverbs 3:1–8 as a call to trust God with all our hearts, not to lean on our own understanding, and to live in real loyalty and goodness. Wisdom in this context is understood not only as rational intelligence, but also as the result of total submission to God's will. This study emphasizes that strong faith is the foundation for a healthy and strong spiritual life amidst today's pluralism and spiritual crisis. Thus, faith rooted in the word and wisdom of God becomes a theological solution for church members to remain firm as the light and salt of the world.

Political debates are one of the main elements in the flow of democracy in various countries, including Indonesia. In the context of the general election held by presidential and vice presidential candidates in 2024, the 5th debate is a crucial moment in the political campaign. This study aims to analyze the various communication patterns carried out by each presidential and vice presidential candidate pair in the 5th debate in 2024. The content analysis method is used to identify and analyze the communication methods used by the candidate pairs. Data were obtained from debate transcriptions and analyzed qualitatively to reveal communication patterns, including word choice, speaking style, use of rhetoric, framing, and argumentation strategies. The results of the study show variations in communication patterns between candidate pairs. Each candidate pair uses different communication strategies in their efforts to influence public opinion. Differences in the use of language, rhetoric, and message focus were found between the candidate pairs, reflecting differences in their campaign strategies. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of political communication in the context of political debates in Indonesia. The results of the analysis can provide valuable insights into the understanding of political communication strategies in the democratic process, and provide a foundation for subsequent researchers in this scientific field.

This paper discusses the Bolanafo of marriage in Nias society. The focus of discussion in this paper is how important Bolanafo is as a factor in the traditional marriage of the Nias tribe and how Christianity theologically views Bolanafo. To fulfill the research objectives, a number of literature studies were conducted by utilizing literature and conducting interviews related to Bolanafo in the Nias marriage system. All the literature data was processed and analyzed, as a research conducted by literature study, the results of this research are presented descriptively. The culture in Nias marriage is still very strong and is practiced until today. It must be realized that serving bolanafo in a Nias wedding is not something that is outdated or involves a complicated process. Doing so is an effort to maintain identity as Ono Niha wherever they are.

This article examines the theological meaning of the concept of the new heaven and new earth based on Revelation 21:1-8, serving as a foundation for eternal hope for Christians. Through a qualitative theological approach, this study explores how the eschatological understanding influences the faith life and spiritual attitude of believers. The concept of the new heaven and new earth not only refers to the physical renewal of the universe at the end of time but also serves as a source of spiritual strength that fosters perseverance, faith, and hope in facing worldly struggles. Furthermore, this reflection emphasizes the role of the Church as the representation of the New Jerusalem, preparing the faithful for eternal fellowship with God. Thus, the promise of renewed creation functions as an ethical and existential foundation encouraging Christians to live faithfully, courageously, and with hope until the divine promise is fully realized. This article asserts that the hope in the new heaven and new earth has tangible implications for contemporary Christian life as a reflection of the already and yet-to-be-fulfilled Kingdom of God

The sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper are the two main sacraments in the Christian tradition, both carrying profound theological and spiritual significance. A sacrament contains two essential elements: an outward sign (such as water, bread, and wine) and a spiritual reality (namely, the grace of God given through the sign). A sacrament is not merely a symbol, but a means of communion with Christ that strengthens faith and bears witness to God’s grace. In Christian theology, a sacrament is broadly defined as a rite or religious ceremony performed to symbolize or help bring about a transformation in the lives of those who participate in it. The Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper is one of the key sacraments in the Christian tradition, symbolizing the fellowship of believers with Christ through the shared consumption of bread and wine. Its meaning is profound, as it is not only a remembrance of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, but also an expression of faith and a deep reflection on the saving love of God. The Lord’s Supper also contains an eschatological meaning, pointing believers toward the future. In each celebration of the Lord’s Supper, the people of Christ anticipate the heavenly banquet at the end of the age.