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Mutia Kardina; Aldri Frinaldi

Birokrasi: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN TATA NEGARA 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

Corruption is an unethical act, such as embezzlement, accepting bribes, and similar actions. The practice of corruption has permeated all levels of government, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, both at the central and local levels. As democracy has developed in Indonesia, the quantity and quality of corrupt activities have also increased. On the other hand, Administrative Law can be described as a guide for government actions, the implementation of activities, the management of public policies, decision analysis, and the tasks of individuals and groups in providing public services and goods. Additionally, Administrative Law is also an academic and theoretical field related to state governance. This research aims to investigate how Administrative Law can play a role in preventing corrupt practices. The results of this study indicate that Administrative Law plays a crucial role in establishing transparent and corruption-free governance. The role of Administrative Law in preventing corruption involves optimizing leadership, improving policy implementation, enhancing the integrity and ethics of the bureaucracy, and increasing public understanding of laws related to corruption.

Nayun Chaledha Zahra; Tasya Widya Sari; Theodora Fausta Ayu Gracia; Binti Muchsini

Faedah : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 FKIP, Universitas Palangka Raya

Archives play an important role in supporting the administrative activities of an agency. Archives include all activities related to company documents. At the expedition agency PT Tunas Antarnusa Muda Cargo Solo, the receipt document filing system is still lacking in structure. This receipt is only archived to the extent that it is entered in an order that is adjusted to the customer's name randomly and unstructured. This makes employees of PT Tunas Antarnusa Muda Cargo Solo, especially the finance division, find it difficult to find receipts so that work management becomes less effective and efficient due to the long search time when receipts are needed. This service aims to improve the filing system at PT Tunas Antarnusa Muda Cargo Solo by using a combination of alphabetical filing, subject filing, and chronological filing methods. This method is applied in alphabetical order of the customer's name, the subject of grouping the customer's names and sorted by the time the receipt was made. In practice, this method aims to manage receipts to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the filing system. In addition, structured archives can make it easier for agency employees to find the information needed quickly and simplify the work process

Alvi Natzmi; Andri Soemitra

Journal Economic Excellence Ibnu Sina 2023 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

An audit is a systematic process carried out by an auditor to obtain and evaluate evidence of a company's economic events and include fairness based on predetermined standards and convey the findings obtained to interested parties. My aim in writing this article is to find out to what extent auditors play a role in improving company performance from an Islamic perspective. The method I used in this research was using qualitative research methods by means of field observations, interviews with related sources and supported by several sources such as books, journals and other documents. The results of this research are that an auditor has a vital role in the management and administrative audits in every institution or company, because with an audit, the financial system in a company will run well and will of course have an impact on improving the quality of each existing employee. at every company. So I can conclude that audits within the company must be carried out periodically to review the extent to which administrative controls have been implemented to improve company performance and to achieve predetermined goals

Angga Wahyudi; Muhammad Bhismi Thoifurqoni Assyamiri; Wilda Al Aluf; Mohammad Ryan Fadhillah; Shinta Yolanda +1 more

Jurnal Bintang Manajemen (JUBIMA) 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The digital era has changed the paradigm and practice of human resource management (HR). This article analyzes the impact of digital transformation on HR, with a focus on paradigm shifts, digital skills development, and the use of technology in decision making. The pre-digital era emphasized administration, while the digital era demands attention to employees' digital skills. Developing digital skills is important, considering these skills are key in the modern world of work. A competency-based approach is a more suitable method for dealing with technological change. HR management has a major role in facilitating organizational adaptation and success in the ever-evolving digital era. The World Economic Forum (2020) said skills such as understanding technology, data analysis, and proficiency in using digital devices have become important in today's world of work. In facing the digital era, organizations are faced with new challenges and opportunities. Changing the HR management paradigm from administrative to strategic requires adaptive and innovative leadership. Digital skills development is the foundation for productivity and competitiveness. Therefore, employee training and development must be the main focus. A competency-based approach allows a more precise identification of the required skills requirements. In addition, the use of technology and data analysis enables more accurate and objective decision making.

Nungki Pradita; R Basiya; Artin Bayu Mukti

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2023 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

The role of Pokdarwis in carrying out the development of an area is considered strategic in building equal distribution of welfare for local communities. Pokdarwis Srikandi, which is based in the Tinjomoyo sub-district area of Semarang, is expected to be able to develop the potential of its area into tourism business activities that can revive the economy of the people in the area. With the average management and members having different educational backgrounds, the Pokdarwis management must work hard to continue to equip and improve the abilities of its members, especially in governance management. The form of Governance Management Technical Guidance activities includes lectures on Pokdarwis Governance, with material related to financial management, marketing and promotion of tourism products provided. Capacity and Capability Improvement Implementation of financial administration training is carried out by creating simple financial reports and directly practicing the process of recording the organization's income and expenditure transactions. Governance management capabilities are needed to realize sustainable tourism management in the Tinjomoyo Village area, especially in administrative and financial management

Zaki Al Mubarok; Moh. As’adi; Gustin Ayu Perwitasari

Tabsyir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Humaniora 2023 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

This research aims to determine how the role of the village government in improving human resources (HR) and supporting and inhibiting factors of the role of the village government in improving human resources (HR) in Olehsari Village, Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency. The research method used in this study is qualitative research. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interview and documentation techniques. The instrument in this study is the researcher himself. While the data analysis applied in this study is interactive analysis, namely, data collection, data reduction, and conclusions. The results of this study show that the Government of Olehsari Village, Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency has shown an important and proactive role in efforts to improve human resources (HR) through scholarship programs. Inhibiting factors in the implementation of this scholarship program include budget constraints, lack of information and counseling, bureaucracy and administrative constraints and lack of community involvement. Nevertheless, strong commitment and cooperation are expected to continue to encourage sustainable development and community welfare in the Olehsari Village Government, Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency.

Shine Azizah Heply; Fitri Kurnianingsih; Firman Firman

Jurnal Relasi Publik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research refers to violations during the campaign period, specifically this settlement is regulated in Bawaslu Regulation Number 8 of 2018 concerning settlement of election administrative violations. The problem in implementing the campaign in this study is violations during the campaign. Violations of these rules will be considered criminal offenses and are subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 years. The research method used in this research is to use a qualitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources as well as using data collection techniques by observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory in this study refers to Ansell and Gash namely, the results of the research show that in the first indicator, face-to-face dialogue is carried out with coordination meetings at a scheduled time, so that when campaigns reduce violations, fraud, violence and threats in the field. The second indicator of building trust is communication between organizers, supervisors and security personnel, and this is the keyword for successful collaboration. The third indicator is commitment to the process, namely the three parties involved carry out their roles, which means that the parties involved are committed to carrying it out. The fourth indicator in the process of mutual understanding is that the organizers, supervisors and security forces understand each other about the handling of violations during the campaign period. The fifth indicator is that the interim results in collaboration are carried out by the parties continuously trying to fulfill them properly, the interim results produce solutions and hopes from all parties by providing what is best for this country, and the creation of elections that are safe, peaceful and reduce fraud. The conclusion of this study is that the handling of campaign violations in the Riau Archipelago province will continue to be improved and improved and tighten supervision so that unwanted things do not occur and quality elections will be achieved.

Ellisa Adelia; Rizky Dermawan

Jurnal Bintang Manajemen (JUBIMA) 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Socialization is a very useful thing in raising and conveying positive values to individuals, the socialization process is education through individual understanding and acceptance of the connections that occur in an activity that can provide input and output feedback. Learning from the monetary crisis that occurred in Indonesia in 1997-1998 which was marked by the decline in the joints of the economy caused by the rupiah exchange rate falling or dropping drastically against the dollar exchange rate. In 1998 many big entrepreneurs fell in Indonesia, but MSMEs were still able to survive and even increased in number. In this way, UMKM contribute to supporting the economy of a country so that the existence of UMKM is highly expected in the development and progress of the country's economy and is able to absorb the number of unemployed. In this background, MSMEs can be used as a part in expanding employment opportunities, play a role in the formation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and increase foreign exchange earnings for the country of Indonesia because its market can reach national to international. Bareng Village, Bareng District, Jombang Regency is an agricultural producing village in the form of rice, corn, sugar cane, soybeans, vegetables, chilies and others. The livelihoods of the majority of the population are farmers, self-employed, and partly in the government. UMKM problems often occur due to capital problems and licensing matters, the Business Identification Number (NIB) is the identity of a business license issued by the "Online Single Submission (OSS)" agency, helping to fulfill the legal and administrative aspects of UMKM and providing advantages in funding. Then the socialization and technical guidance was carried out by Group 1, then the output of the socialization was to help UMKM actors in the Village with the method of opening a post at the Village Hall/Village Office and the door to door method or direct permits to the homes of UMKM actors. At the same time creating a logo that is useful in brand equity as trustworthiness with the product name and symbol, providing additional value to a product. The direction of the arrow as a direction for the location has the aim of providing instructions for potential consumers and customers to find homes for UMKM actors to get products or order products.

Munandar, Arif; Arsa, Arsa; Subhan, Muhammad

Jurnal Maisyatuna 2023 STAI Denpasar Bali

This study examines the Indonesian Islamic Bank Merger policy towards the halal industry for micro, small and medium enterprises. This research is to find out the role of the Indonesian Islamic Bank Jambi Gatot Subroto branch office in developing the halal industry Micro, small and medium enterprises that apply for financing at the Bank after the Merger and find out what are the obstacles faced by the Indonesian Islamic Bank Jambi Gatot Subroto branch office in distributing financing contracts to Micro, small and medium enterprises after the merger. This study uses a qualitative approach and the type of research approach used is descriptive qualitative. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. Methods of data collection through interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the Indonesian Islamic Bank Jambi Gatot Subroto after the merger already has a role in improving the economy and developing the halal industry Micro, small and medium enterprises in Jambi City by providing an initial injection of funds and top up or additional business capital and also lightening and facilitating Micro, small and medium enterprises in applying for financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia, not only that, Bank Syariah Indonesia also plays an active role as a consultant for its customers and often holds entrepreneurship guidance, Bank Syariah Indonesia, the Jambi branch office, Gatot Subroto, conducts canvassing every day or goes directly into the field to spread brochures as well as reducing installments when customers are affected by natural disasters. The constraints of Bank Syariah Indonesia Gatot Subroto Jambi branch office in channeling financing to the Halal Industry Micro, small and medium enterprises, namely defects in the name of the customer concerned due to late payment of bills, problems when completing administrative requirements files because if one of the requirements is not completed then the financing cannot be continued , business constraints that are already running but the customer is dishonest regarding customer financial information, accounts payable or reports about business activities that the customer is running, and constraints from the bank itself, namely when the customer data input system has an error while doing financing.

Yusup Miftahuddin; Marisa Premitasari; Galih Al Hakim; Adam M Afriazi; M Razi Saefunazar +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara (Pengabmas Nusantara) 2023 Universitas Muhammadiyah Manado

Kelurahan is administratively located at the lowest level in the government system in Indonesia. The kelurahan has the task of serving the community. Archives have a role as a memory and source of information, one of which in the Sukaluyu sub-district, Cibeunying Kaler sub-district, Bandung city. Based on observations at the Sukaluyu sub-district office, that the condition of archive management in the kelurahan still has deficiencies, namely the filing system is still in physical form, some documents have been damaged and some missing due to the archival system implemented by this kelurahan still manually. With that, a digital archive management system was created is making website for archive management. This community service is one that is carried out by the lecturer staff and students of the ITENAS informatics study program. This system expected to help increase the effectiveness of archival data management, reduce archive loss, and shorten archive search time.

Astrid Eka Wahyu Cahya Megananda; Rizkya Dwijayanti

Jurnal Suara Pengabdian 45 2023 LPPM Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Libraries play an important role in determining how the academic climate in schools is formed. To maximize scientific activities, the library is organized as a hierarchical system with many purposes and functions. The main reason why the goals and functions of libraries cannot be implemented effectively is because most of the school libraries in Indonesia currently do not meet the demands, both in terms of convenience and selection of library materials. Therefore, steps must be taken to restore proper library operations. The impact of better library services on the reading interest of SMP Kartini Taman students was one of the topics raised. This project is just one of many that Kampus Merdeka is undertaking as part of the Teaching Campus initiative. The service period in 2023 lasts from February 20 to June 16. Serving at the Junior High School which is located on Jl. Ki Suryo Jati Utara, Kedungturi Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, is the responsibility of our team. Through the implementation of school library management reform initiatives, this program seeks to restore the function of the school library in accordance with its vision and mission. The planning stage (Planning), the organizing stage (Organizing), the implementation stage (Actuating), and the control stage are the first steps in improving the administrative services of the implemented school library. Collecting data in this service is carried out using a qualitative descriptive methodology which includes interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Based on the initiatives made and the findings, the children's enthusiasm for reading in class increased. Thus, efforts to improve library services are ensured to be successful and right on target.

Dhea Alwina; Usmaidar Usmaidar; Ahmad Zaki

Ta'rim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Yayasan Pendidikan Ilmu Qur'an Baubau

This research is entitled The Role of Administration in Archives Management in Gebang Private Vocational High School (SMK). The formulation of the problem in this study include: how is the role of administration in the management of school archives in Gebang Private Vocational School, Gebang District and how are the obstacles faced in managing school archives at Gebang Private Vocational School in Gebang District and the solutions. The expected benefits of this research include: adding insight and knowledge, especially in the field of education and knowing how the role of the administrative section in managing school archives at the Gebang Private Vocational School, Gebang District with the actual conditions in the field. This research uses the Field Research research method (field research) using a descriptive qualitative research approach. The research results obtained in this study include: The role of administration in the management of school archives is very good. The role of school administration includes, firstly, the head of administration as the person in charge of administrative operations in charge of coordinating all administrative activities, serving, assisting, and fulfilling or providing matters relating to educational information in schools. Second, is as a school education staff. The head of administration is very competent in his field and is responsible for his duties. The head of administration is already professional in carrying out his duties in the administrative section so that it is much more effective. In terms of staff development, school principals and administrative heads of Gebang Private Vocational Schools have done various things, namely involving staff in activities, such as training, upgrading, seminars and workshops. The most important administrative role is as an educational staff and as a provider of information regarding the management of records in schools, as well as being able to work together with all staff in preparing plans for managing school records. The problems that exist in the administrative section in managing school archives at Gebang Private Vocational Schools, first, lack of facilities and infrastructure for archive storage because the number of archives is increasing continuously. Second, schools use a lot of non-permanent education personnel. As has been explained, the head of school administration is the one who helps carry out the main work to achieve school goals. The solution needed from problems in managing school archives is first, by carrying out maintenance and prevention of damage to archive storage devices. secondly, the required facilities must have met the requirements, such as a large room, complete archive storage equipment and sufficient for storage of archives that are increasing in volume from time to time. third, the staff who manages the archives have met the requirements so that they are responsible for carrying out their work in accordance with their respective duties.

Ririn Kusumawati; Mada Aditya Wardana; Azahra Nur Akhirina

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

A notary is a public official who aims to serve the public in the field of legal services in making authentic deeds by the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2004. This goal can be achieved if human resource management provides job descriptions and specifications to achieve employee work effectiveness one of which is the Notary Office of Ebony Kiki Haga, S.H., M.Kn, which requires employee work effectiveness in service activities. In this case, the administrative staff is the most important role related to the effectiveness of the notary's office. Work effectiveness has not been achieved properly because there is no defined job description and specifications, so there is often a miscommunication regarding the division of work. This research method uses descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using field methods (observation), interview methods, and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, namely by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions, then testing the credibility of the data using the triangulation method. The result of this research is that the work effectiveness of administrative staff has met 3 (three) indicators of work effectiveness, after doing job analysis with the results being able to apply job descriptions and specifications for administrative staff.

Alfian Tri Pamungkas, Naufal; Krisna Ari Sadewa, Bayu; Nike Sasmito, Vanya; Muhammad Haidir Ali, Datuk

DINAMIKA HUKUM 2023 Universitas Stikubank

The purpose of writing the article is to analyze the functions and roles of BKN, the role of BKN in preventing corruption for civil servants, and the implementation of corruption prevention policies or programs in the field by BKN in efforts to prevent civil servant corruption. Employees are workers both physically and mentally and their presence is needed because they are one of the most important means of effort to achieve certain goals. The writing method that we use in writing this paper is normative juridical, namely an approach through researching doctrinal laws using secondary data sources. The BKN as an institution of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to better manage government personnel. The BKN was established to function not only to collect administrative data, but to develop the competence of civil servants in a more effective way so that they can provide support for development missions, governance, and public services. Corruption is the root of the country's problems and is the most important cause of poverty, therefore it must be dealt with. The causes of corruption very often occur such as the absence of strict sanctions, weak religious and ethical education, lack of education, bad environment, radical change, poverty, and the state of society. BKN is an institution that has the authority and controls the implementation of ASN administration standards, norms, procedures and criteria, staffing employees, organizing training and developing the field of HR management as well as conducting inspections. official duties, etc.   Keywords : Corruption, Government institutions, Civil Servants.

Richa Anjelina; Netty Kesuma; Fadiyah Hani Sabila

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study focuses on the process of managing the Ship Movement Permit for MT.SHIP TRINITY during its transfer from the dock area to the anchorage area at PT. Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan. As an intermediary company, PT. Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan is committed to finding cargo ships with high-quality standards to provide the best service to customers, while prioritizing safety and maritime environmental protection. In its capacity as a shipping company, PT. Multi Jaya Samudera handles ship movement permit management through several stages, including administrative compliance, permit application, and ship document completion. This process needs to be carried out quickly and accurately to avoid delays, which requires good coordination with various related agencies at the port. The role of PT. Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan is crucial in supporting ship service activities in the shipping industry. To optimize port operations, appropriate management policies are needed to improve the overall effectiveness and efficiency of port performance.    

Sinta Fransiska; Fara Shaliza; Nurul Hasana

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

This Community Service Program (PKM) was motivated by the limited understanding and skills of farmer groups in managing administrative systems, which are essential prerequisites for developing agribusiness partnerships. Farmer groups under the supervision of the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) of Dumai Timur District, Dumai City, have not yet implemented well-organized data recording and administrative management, resulting in low institutional readiness to establish agribusiness partnerships. This program aimed to apply administrative management practices to strengthen farmer group institutions and support the development of agribusiness partnerships. The methods used included extension activities through lectures, interactive discussions, and hands-on practice in preparing and managing farmer group administrative records. The results indicate an improvement in farmers’ understanding of the importance of administrative management in agribusiness partnerships, enhanced skills in organizing and maintaining administrative records, and the emergence of collective awareness of institutional governance. Furthermore, the program contributed to behavioral changes within farmer organizations, increased leadership roles among group administrators, and initiatives to develop more structured and sustainable agribusiness partnerships.

Nurmala Sari; Ernita Puspa Dewi; Hannisa Fitri Effendi; Ramadhan Fathur Rahman Syah; Ziada Filosofia

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

The low quality of Dasawisma administrative management remains a major challenge in supporting the effectiveness of the Family Empowerment and Welfare (PKK) programs at the community level. This problem is characterized by poorly organized family data records, weak documentation of activities, and limited understanding among administrators regarding the strategic role of administration as a basis for planning and decision-making. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve the quality of Dasawisma administration through collaboration between higher education institutions and Dasawisma groups as an effort to strengthen community organizational governance. The method employed is a participatory community organizing approach, encompassing stages of joint planning, technical administrative assistance, training, and reflective evaluation. The results indicate an improvement in administrators' understanding and skills in managing administrative tasks, the establishment of more systematic data and activity recording systems, and increased participation and organizational ownership among Dasawisma members. Furthermore, the program encouraged the emergence of local leadership and collective awareness of the importance of as an instrument for institutional strengthening. Overall, collaboration with higher education institutions proved effective in promoting sustainable improvements in Dasawisma administrative governance.

Fara Shaliza; Nurul Hasana; Sinta Fransiska

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

Farmer group institutions play a strategic role in supporting agricultural development; however, many farmer groups still face limitations in data management and institutional administration. These limitations affect planning, decision-making, and access to agricultural development programs. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to enhance farmers’ understanding and skills in data management and institutional administration through extension activities at the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) of Bukit Kapur Subdistrict, Dumai City. The methods applied include lectures, interactive discussions, and hands-on practice in preparing and managing farmer group administrative records. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills related to group administration, increased awareness of the importance of orderly administrative management, and a collective commitment to implementing sustainable record-keeping practices. Furthermore, the program encouraged the emergence of local leadership and strengthened farmer group institutions as social capital toward farmer independence and welfare.

Lilisuryani Lilisuryani; Fatimah Fatimah; Sabariah Sabariah

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

This community service activity aims to enhance the human resource capacity of Dasawisma members in effective administration management as a family development data base at the sub-district level. The assistance was conducted using a participatory approach and hands-on practice, including socialization, technical administrative training, and reflective discussion. The results indicated an increase in Dasawisma members' understanding of the importance of orderly, systematic, and integrated administration in supporting social activities. Members' technical skills in managing family data, filling administrative books, classifying information, and preparing simple reports improved significantly. Furthermore, the assistance strengthened communication and coordination between Dasawisma and sub-district officials, promoted group independence, and strengthened Dasawisma's role as a key data source for family development. These findings confirm that planned and participatory higher education assistance plays a strategic role in community empowerment, supports good governance at the local level, and can serve as a replicable model for other community development programs.

Dewi Jannah; Lilis Wahyuni; Sulis Pratiwi

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

Dasawisma groups have strategic potential in supporting family independence, but have not been optimally empowered. This Community Service activity aims to strengthen Dasawisma's capacity as agents of social change in enhancing family independence through the internalization of independence spirit values. The method used was a participatory and educational community organizing approach, implemented at Dasawisma Asoka RT.007, Bukit Timah Sub-district, Dumai City, on August 10, 2024. Activities included interactive material delivery, group discussions, work program preparation simulations, and reflective evaluations. The results showed increased understanding among Dasawisma members regarding their strategic roles, emergence of initiative and self-confidence, ability to formulate solutions based on local potential, and formation of more structured cooperation patterns and emergence of local mobilizer figures. The participatory approach based on independence values proved effective in driving Dasawisma's transformation from administrative implementers to subjects of independent and sustainable family and community development.