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This study aims to analyze the electrical energy consumption of a bench-type drilling machine, RYU RDB 13, by varying machining parameters in the form of spindle speed and feed rate. Electrical energy is a critical aspect of production efficiency in the manufacturing industry, particularly in machining processes that require continuous power consumption throughout the cutting operation. The material used in this study is aluminum 6061, chosen for its lightweight, corrosion resistance, and wide application in the automotive and aerospace industries. The drilling process was carried out using three spindle speed variations: 620 rpm, 920 rpm, and 1280 rpm, along with three feed rate variations: 0.04 mm/rev, 0.08 mm/rev, and 0.1 mm/rev. Current and voltage were measured using a digital wattmeter in real-time, and energy consumption was calculated in wattseconds (Ws) using power calculation formulas. The results indicate that increasing the feed rate and spindle speed leads to higher instantaneous power consumption. However, total energy consumption tends to decrease at higher speed and feed combinations due to shorter machining times. The optimal parameter combination was found at a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev and a spindle speed of 1280 rpm, which resulted in the lowest energy consumption of 387 Ws and the fastest drilling time. This demonstrates that selecting the right machining parameters not only improves energy efficiency but also maintains or enhances productivity. The observed power consumption pattern typically shows a sharp increase at the beginning of the drilling process, a stable phase during the main cutting stage, and a rapid decrease towards the end of the cut. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between machining parameters and energy efficiency, serving as a basis for developing sustainable production strategies in the manufacturing sector that prioritize energy savings and cost reduction.

The Rice Bowl (Nasi Mangkok) culinary business in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth after the COVID-19 pandemic and has become a key part of the modern food industry, meeting consumer demand for convenience and taste. Since 2020, rice bowl sales have continued to rise annually, driven by shifting consumption habits toward food delivery services like GoFood and GrabFood. Despite this trend, academic studies on the rice bowl business remain limited. Classified as convenience food, rice bowl consumption has increased by over 10% from 2019 to the projected figures in 2025. Sales volume has risen from 1.5 billion portions in 2020 to over 3 billion in 2025, with an annual growth rate of 10–15% and estimated revenues between IDR 15–20 trillion per year. With rising demand, many rice bowl brands have entered the market. However, consumers often struggle to decide which brand to choose, as purchasing decisions are influenced by multiple factors. This study analyzes consumer behavior influencing rice bowl purchasing decisions, focusing on cultural, social, psychological, and personal factors, with a case study in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. Using an explanatory research design, the study surveyed 161 consumers across four sales locations.The F-test results show that all four variables simultaneously have a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions (at the 99% confidence level). However, the t-test results reveal that the cultural factor (X1) negatively influences purchasing decisions, while social, psychological, and personal factors have a positive impact. Among these, the psychological factor (X3) is the most dominant, highlighting the importance of consumer motivation and perception in shaping buying behavior. Enhancing this factor can support the sustainable growth of rice bowl businesses in Sidoarjo.

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia remains high, with many cases linked to pregnancy complications associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Anemia has widespread effects on women’s reproductive health and child development, including decreased immunity, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of premature birth. One promising nutritional intervention is the consumption of mung bean extract, which is rich in iron. This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and skills regarding the benefits of mung bean extract for women's reproductive health and child nutrition. The program involved educational sessions and practical demonstrations delivered to residents in the target area, with active participation from local leaders and community members. The results showed increased awareness and motivation among the participants to consume mung bean extract regularly. The enthusiasm demonstrated by the community indicates the effectiveness of this outreach in raising awareness about the importance of simple nutritional interventions to prevent anemia and improve maternal and child health. It is hoped that this activity can be sustained as a promotive and preventive public health effort.

This study aims to explore the behavioral dynamics of Generation Z (Gen Z) toward digital culinary brands on TikTok, a platform increasingly central to youth consumer engagement. The research investigates how Gen Z interacts with, interprets, and forms relationships with culinary content in a digital environment shaped by algorithmic trends and participatory culture. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 Gen Z participants aged 18–24 years who actively engage with culinary brand content on TikTok. Additional data were obtained from observational analysis of brand-related content and user interactions on the platform. Thematic analysis revealed three core themes: emotional engagement with sensory-rich food content, digital consumption as identity performance, and expectations of brand authenticity and interactivity. Participants expressed strong affective responses to visually appealing and immersive content, linked their brand preferences to personal values and social identity, and favored brands that demonstrated responsiveness, humor, and human-like interaction. These findings highlight the role of TikTok not only as a marketing tool but as a cultural space where brand perception and loyalty are socially constructed. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of consumer engagement by situating Gen Z’s behavior within a sociocultural and digital framework. Practically, it offers insights for culinary brands to develop more authentic, interactive, and value-driven content strategies. The findings also suggest implications for digital marketing policies and content regulation. Future research is recommended to explore cross-platform behaviors and cultural variations in digital brand engagement.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, women in Bangladesh encountered higher financial crises than men. This aggravated pre-existent gender disparities in employment, income, and resource consumption. Therefore, the study investigates the extent to which the pandemic exacerbated discrepancies. It provides remedies based on proliferating electronic commerce networks. Furthermore, data from the World Bank, International Labor Organization, and UN for Women was gathered to evaluate the gender-based impact of COVID-19 on economic opportunities within Bangladesh, influencing e-commerce from an economic perspective across Bangladesh. The research findings reveal that Bangladesh possesses the potential to encompass electronic commerce within economic settings and empower women to engage in economic projects. Furthermore, the research recommends focusing on different cultural and policy settings to create further economic opportunities in Bangladesh. Future studies should attempt to study the effects of infrastructure and cultural norms on e-commerce and its potential to bridge the gender gap across varying regional settings.

Digital resolution has accelerated fundamental transformations in the retail and financial sectors, which has implications for significant changes in public consumption. E-commerce platforms now provide a diversification of payment methods to optimize the consumer experience, including the implementation of a delayed payment system (paylater). This study aims to analyze the influence of ease of use and perceived security on doom spending behavior among college students using Shopee PayLater. This study adopted a quantitative approach using a survey design as the research method. The data collection process was carried out through a questionnaire instrument distributed to 100 student respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using various statistical techniques including instrument validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 25 software. Partially, the ease of use variable did not show a significant influence on student doom spending behavior. Conversely, the security variable showed a significant positive influence on doom spending tendencies among college students using the Shopee PayLater service. When analyzed simultaneously, both the ease of use and security variables showed a positive and significant influence on doom spending behavior of Shopee PayLater users.

This research is motivated by the rampant circulation of repackaged products that have not been fully supervised. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the legal protection provided to consumers and the effectiveness of the role of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in conducting supervision. The purpose of this study is to determine the legal protection provided to consumers of packaged food products and to determine the extent to which BPOM carries out its role as a supervisory agency in ensuring the safety of these products. This research uses a normative legal approach with a qualitative approach, through literature study and interviews as a complement. The results show that business actors are required to re-register repackaged products in accordance with food safety regulations. This is a preventive measure to ensure that products in circulation are safe for consumption and provide effective legal protection for consumers. The findings also indicate that BPOM supervision still needs strengthening, both in terms of regulations, resources, and community outreach.  

Infused water is a functional beverage made by soaking slices of fruits, vegetables, and herbs in mineral water to produce a natural flavor and enhance nutritional content. In recent years, infused water has become part of a healthy lifestyle trend due to its claimed benefits, including detoxification, improved hydration, and immune system enhancement. This article aims to review the latest scientific literature on the potential benefits of infused water on immune function, particularly in the context of regular consumption of natural ingredients such as lemon, ginger, strawberries, and herbs that are rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and flavonoids. The review was conducted by searching scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, using inclusion criteria that covered publications from 2020 to 2024. The findings indicate that infused water containing vitamin C, gingerol, and polyphenolic compounds can help improve immune function by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and stimulating immune cell activity such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, optimal hydration from infused water supports various physiological processes of the immune system. In conclusion, infused water holds potential as a simple, natural, and cost-effective strategy to support immune health. However, further research is needed to evaluate its efficacy, optimal formulations, and dosage for maximum benefit.

This paper examines how The Picture Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde marks a critical turn in which he critiques late-Victorian upper-class privilege and moral immunity. While previous scholarship has predominantly analyzed the novel as a moral allegory or aesthetic treatise, this study employs cultural materialism as a theoretical framework to demonstrate how Wilde uses Dorian’s isolation of his portrait and subsequent hedonistic experimentation as symbolic representations of the aristocracy’s ability to shield him from moral and social consequences. Wilde’s text reveals how the English aristocracy could embody ideals of beauty and reap princely treatment while committing debauchery without reproach. Through Culler’s close reading method toward this novel, especially chapters eight and nine, this analysis reveals how Dorian’s act of hiding the portrait symbolizes social denial, while his obsessive aesthetic consumption reflects the practices of the leisure class. This shows that Wilde hints Dorian’s social circle accepts his sensual life simply because his appearance remains unmarred–a commentary on class privilege. By examining the specific textual elements and historical context of—especially—chapters eight and nine of this novel, this study contributes to the understanding of how Wilde’s novel serves as both a product of and commentary on the class structures and moral hypocrisy of late-Victorian England.

Excessive consumption of salt and caffeine during pregnancy can lead to complications such as hypertension, preeclampsia, impaired fetal development, and miscarriage. However, awareness among pregnant women regarding these risks remains low, particularly in regions with limited health literacy such as Batubara Regency. This community service project aimed to enhance pregnant women's understanding of safe salt and caffeine intake through a community-based educational approach at Posyandu Tenggiri. The methods included interactive counseling, group discussions, and pre- and post-test evaluations. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge, from a pre-test average score of 48.87 to 74.20 in the post-test. Additionally, the activity sparked the emergence of a local change agent and greater family involvement in dietary decisions during pregnancy. This program demonstrated that simple and participatory education can foster social transformation and healthier consumption behavior.

The rapid growth of motor vehicles, exceeding 169 million units in Indonesia by 2025, highlights the urgent need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly transportation solutions, such as hybrid vehicles. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are crucial components in these systems due to their high efficiency and compact design, particularly when directly integrated into wheels. This study specifically aims to analyze the impact of varying loads on the power consumption of a BLDC motor within a front-wheel-drive hybrid motorcycle prototype equipped with a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) system. Experimental data was collected using a wattmeter on a prototype subjected to different passenger loads: 55 kg, 75 kg, and 100 kg, at constant speeds of 20 and 40 km/h. The findings consistently show that an increase in load significantly and positively correlates with higher power consumption of the BLDC motor. For instance, at 40 km/h, power consumption for a 100 kg load reached 729.578 Watt, whereas for a 55 kg load it was 649.605 Watt. This demonstrates that greater effort (power) is required from the motor to overcome the inertia and increased resistance associated with heavier loads. These results contribute to optimizing energy efficiency in hybrid vehicle design and underscore the importance of load management for sustainable transportation.

Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of iron and folic acid supplementation, known as iron tablets, in reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women. A descriptive qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing nine eligible studies published between 2013 and 2023. Articles were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using specific keywords. The findings suggest that regular consumption of iron tablets, particularly starting in the second trimester and meeting the minimum recommended dose of 90 tablets, is effective in improving hemoglobin levels and lowering anemia prevalence. However, compliance remains a significant challenge, influenced by side effects, maternal knowledge, and social support. The review highlights the need for behavior-based interventions and family involvement to enhance adherence. The implication of this review supports the integration of targeted health education and follow-up strategies within antenatal care services to reduce anemia-related risks in pregnancy.

Formalin is a 37% formaldehyde solution in water, commonly misused as a food preservative despite its toxicity and prohibition in food products. This study aimed to determine the presence and levels of formalin in wet noodles sold at Peunayong Market, Banda Aceh, using visible spectrophotometry. A descriptive design was applied to three randomly selected samples. Qualitative tests using multiple reagents (Schiff, Schryver, KMnO₄, and a test kit) showed negative results for formalin presence. However, quantitative analysis with Spectroquant Prove 300 revealed that all samples contained formalin levels exceeding the acceptable standard. The concentrations ranged from 0.7433 mg/L to 0.8766 mg/L, indicating that the products are unsafe for consumption. These findings underline the need for stricter monitoring and improved food safety awareness among producers and consumers in traditional markets.

Efficient drug inventory management is a critical factor in ensuring medicine availability and optimizing procurement budgets in healthcare facilities. This study aims to analyze drug inventory at Tritya Eye Clinic Surabaya using the ABC (Always, Better, Control), VEN (Vital, Essential, Non-Essential), and EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) methods to improve procurement budget efficiency. A quantitative descriptive approach with a case study method was employed. Data were collected from drug usage records, stock opname reports, and procurement documents from in 2024. The findings reveal that the combined ABC-VEN method effectively identifies priority drug groups based on consumption value and clinical importance, while the EOQ method determines optimal ordering quantities to minimize total inventory costs. The integrated application of these methods successfully reduces overstock and stockout incidents and enhances procurement budget efficiency. This study recommends inventory management based on historical usage data and strategic classification to achieve more accurate and cost-effective drug procurement planning.

Wasted food is a global issue that has been around for a long time but has become increasingly serious without realizing it. The resulting impacts negatively affect many sectors, such as the environment, economy and social. Food waste can reduce farmers' income and increase consumer spending. Households can be said to be the biggest contributors to food waste because apart from daily consumption activities, the most dominant livelihood system of the people in Teriak sub-district is farming. The characteristics of farming households that play a major role in meeting household food needs are the socio-economic conditions of farmers, because it can describe the capacity of farmers in meeting their food needs, research was conducted on the causes of food waste behavior by farming households, especially Teriak District. This research aims to determine household consumption behavior towards the emergence of food waste and identify the influence of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors on food waste behavior by households in Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive statistics with 100 sample respondents representing households. The variables in this study are divided into two, namely socio-demographics and household behavior. The research results show that the behavior of farming households is influenced by socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents such as age, length of education, number of family members, income and expenses. Food waste behavior includes several aspects such as the social environment, purchasing, storage, processing and consumption.

This study aims to examine diabetes mellitus from an Islamic spiritual perspective, as well as how the concept of a harmonious family and the teachings of the Qur'an can be implemented as part of healing and prevention efforts. This study uses a qualitative method based on libraries by examining primary and secondary sources in the form of the Qur'an, hadith, health literature, and the thoughts of scholars. The results of the study indicate that diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels due to insulin disorders. From an Islamic perspective, one of the causes of this disease is excessive stress, an unbalanced diet, and a lack of self-control, all of which are forms of the physical and spiritual world. The Qur'an provides a solution through a spiritual approach such as dhikr, fasting, and honey consumption. In the context of Islamic law, maintaining health is part of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, especially in maintaining the soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and maintaining religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), because a healthy body is needed to carry out worship perfectly. Therefore, efforts to cure and prevent diabetes through a spiritual approach are not only medical and psychological, but also a sharia obligation that has worship value. This study confirms that a holistic approach between medical, spiritual, and Islamic law can provide a positive contribution in dealing with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

Probiotics from West Sumatra curd have the potential to improve the production performance of local West Sumatra ducks, where Probiotics are live bacteria given as food sulpementation. Giving probiotics can have a beneficial effect on health where probiotics produce inhibitor compounds so that they can maximize the absorption of food in the intestines of livestock. The purpose of this study was to observe the production performance of ducks given probiotics. The design used was a randomized complete factorial method. The first factor (A) Dosage of probiotics (LAB) is with treatment A1: 1 ml (12.7 x 108 CFU/g); A2: 2 ml (25.4 x 108 CFU/g); A3: 3 ml (38.1 x 108 CFU/g). The second factor (B) is the frequency of probiotic administration, namely B1: 0 times; B2: 1 time; B3: 2 times; B4: 3 times; B5: 4 times; B6: 5 times; B7: 6 times, consisting of 4 replicates with a total of 346 ducks. The observed variables were food consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, carcass percentage. The results of this study were the average food consumption at a dose of 3 ml with 5 times administration (995.79g). The highest average body weight gain (369.74 grams) dose of 1 ml and 5 times administration. The highest carcass percentage with a dose of 3 ml and a frequency of 5 times (72.63%).

The development of e-commerce and digital technology has changed the consumption patterns of students, especially through live streaming features and twin date events on Shopee. This study aims to analyze the role of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) in mediating the influence of live streaming and twin-date events on the consumption behavior of students at Yogyakarta State University. A quantitative approach was used with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The research sample consisted of 315 student respondents who had used the live streaming feature and participated in Shopee's twin-date events. The results showed that twin-date events had a positive and significant effect on FOMO and consumer behavior, while live streaming only had a significant effect on consumer behavior but not on FOMO. FOMO itself significantly influences consumer behavior and mediates the influence of the twin date event on consumer behavior. However, FOMO does not mediate the influence of live streaming on consumer behavior. This finding indicates that the urgency of time and exclusive promotions during the twin date event are more effective in triggering FOMO than live streaming. This study recommends the importance of digital consumption literacy for students and the development of emotion-based marketing strategies by e-commerce platforms. This study has limitations in terms of sample scope and variables used, so further research is recommended to include additional variables such as lifestyle or financial literacy, and to expand the sample to other universities.

This study analyzes the qualitative relationship between government fiscal expenditures and poverty reduction in East Java, Indonesia. Despite contributing significantly to national poverty reduction, East Java still has the largest number of poor residents among provinces in Java. The research focuses on four key variables: education expenditure, health expenditure, village funds (Dana Desa), and non-cash food assistance (BPNT). Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study synthesizes secondary data from 2019 to 2024, including statistical reports from BPS and budget data from the Ministry of Finance, as well as previous empirical studies. Findings reveal that government health expenditure and village funds tend to have a stronger and more consistent impact on reducing poverty, particularly in rural areas. Education spending shows mixed results, often influenced by local capacity and governance. Meanwhile, BPNT contributes to short-term consumption but lacks sustainable poverty alleviation effects due to limited value and targeting issues. The results support the capability approach, highlighting the importance of access to basic services for long-term well-being, and reinforce the social democratic view that structural intervention is necessary to address inequality. This study concludes that poverty reduction efforts must go beyond funding amounts and focus on contextual relevance, implementation quality, and spatial equity. A place-based approach supported by strong local governance is essential for effective poverty alleviation in diverse regions like East Java.

The Iraqi economy demonstrates that, despite the substantial magnitude of oil revenues, theseresources have not been effectively utilized to establish a diversified economic base capable of supportingcomprehensive development and securing the rights of current and future generations. Instead, the majority ofthese revenues are allocated to consumption patterns or to financing current expenditures, which do notcontribute to achieving sustainable development goals. This study examines the interdependence between oilrent revenues and their management, assessing the resulting improvements or declines in Iraq's financial andeconomic performance. It emphasizes the necessity of adopting prudent financial management and diversifyingincome sources to ensure long-term stability and prosperity for the country. The research problem lies in theheavy reliance of Iraq's public finances on oil rents, which exposes the economy to significant risks due tovolatile global oil prices. This dependency leads to structural weaknesses in the revenue and expenditureframework, limiting its flexibility and sustainability, and consequently hindering efforts to achievecomprehensive economic development. The results of the estimated model indicate that current public revenuesare heavily dependent on the previous year's revenues, suggesting that revenue generation is influenced byexternal factors, particularly expectations regarding fluctuations in oil prices.