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Bullying is a form of social violence that can hinder children’s psychological and social development, especially in orphanage settings where residents come from diverse backgrounds. This study aims to develop and implement an educational information system based on an interactive e-module as a learning medium to prevent bullying at Mizan Amanah Orphanage Surakarta. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The analysis phase involved observation and interviews to identify the forms and causes of bullying within the orphanage. The e-module was designed with an educational approach focusing on empathy, positive communication, and conflict resolution. The implementation results show that the anti-bullying e-module effectively improves students' understanding of bullying and fosters positive behavioral changes. This educational information system is considered effective as a digital learning medium that promotes a safe, harmonious, and bullying-free environment within the orphanage.

Logic is an important foundation in mathematics learning because it shapes critical and systematic thinking skills. Introducing the concept of proof early on plays a strategic role in developing reasoning skills, identifying patterns, and providing simple arguments. This article aims to examine the role of logic in mathematics learning by emphasizing the importance of introducing the concept of proof from the outset. The methods used are a literature review of various relevant studies and descriptive analysis based on learning practices in early childhood education. The results of the study show that play, exploration, and concrete experience-based learning activities can improve children's ability to understand cause-and-effect relationships, make predictions, and convey logical reasons. In addition, social interaction and dialogue in the learning process have been proven to strengthen simple reasoning skills. In conclusion, the integration of logic and reasoning from an early age not only supports the development of mathematical abilities, but also builds the foundation for critical and analytical thinking needed for further education.

Traditional games are an important part of cultural heritage rich in educational, social, and moral values. However, technological developments in the modern era have led children in Merangin Regency to abandon traditional games. They spend more time with gadgets, causing a decline in social interaction and awareness of local culture. Among various types of traditional games, congklak has become one of the least played. This situation encouraged designers to create an educational and engaging medium for children. As a solution, an Illustrated Book of the Traditional Game Congklak of Merangin Regency was designed as both a learning medium and an effort to preserve local culture. The illustrated book was chosen because it can convey messages visually and verbally in an appealing way, making it easier for readers to understand the story and the values contained within it. The design process used the 4D method (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) with 5W+1H analysis to meet design needs. In addition to the main book, supporting media such as posters, x-banners, t-shirts, tumblers, tote bags, bookmarks, and e-books were also developed. The design feasibility test obtained a score of 90%, categorized as very feasible, covering aspects of storyline, illustration, layout, and language. The content feasibility test achieved a score of 100%, also categorized as very feasible, including cultural, cognitive, social, and character education values. This book is declared highly feasible and effective as a learning medium as well as a means of preserving the local culture of Merangin Regency.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of using Spinning wheel media in introducing hijaiyah letters to early childhood at TK Negeri Harmonis. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects of this study were group B teachers and students, with data collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that the Spinning wheel media effectively increases children’s enthusiasm, motivation, and concentration in recognizing hijaiyah letters. The learning process becomes more interactive since children are directly involved in the game, which is presented in an enjoyable way. Furthermore, this media helps teachers deliver materials in a more varied and engaging manner, avoiding monotonous approaches and better aligning with the developmental characteristics of early childhood. Thus, the Spinning wheel has proven to be an effective innovative learning strategy that enables children to recognize, memorize, and understand hijaiyah letters more quickly. This study emphasizes the importance of utilizing creative media to enhance the quality of early childhood education, particularly in the aspect of religious literacy.

Early childhood education (ECE) demands imaginative and inventive approaches to guarantee that children are actively involved and undergo significant learning in line with their developmental phases. The swift advancement of technology has made interactive video a valuable tool for enhancing ECE learning, especially when integrated with local cultural material. This research examines the use of the interactive video Wajanus (Warung Jajanan Nusantara) in Class B of Mutiara Hati Kindergarten Ponorogo, aimed at familiarizing children with Indonesian traditional snacks while also enhancing their cognitive, social, linguistic, and cultural values. A qualitative descriptive method was utilized, involving participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with parents and teachers, along with documentation via photos, videos, and field notes. Data analysis adhered to the model proposed by Miles and Huberman, encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and thematic conclusion formulation. The results indicate that utilizing Wajanus improved children's involvement in cognitive, emotional, and motor skills while promoting greater learning motivation. Children recognized numbers, shapes, and new vocabulary more efficiently, and they exhibited a positive attitude toward the local cultural heritage presented in the video. However, challenges were noted, including differing degrees of child involvement, the demand for extensive teacher assistance, and inadequate educational resources. In summary, interactive videos grounded in local culture like Wajanus are successful in enhancing early childhood education quality while also reinforcing children’s character education and cultural identity, and they possess significant potential for duplication in other ECE institutions throughout Indonesia

This study aims to find the values ​​contained in the novel shown through the characterization of the characters. These characterizations are related to the values ​​that occur in the lives of the characters in the novel Simfoni Persahabatan by Fakhri Violinist. This study uses a qualitative method with a structural approach that focuses on characterization and its relationship to educational values. Data were collected through document study techniques by carefully reading the novel and noting parts related to characterization, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to draw conclusions about the values ​​and messages contained in the novel. The results of the study show that the author successfully presents the characterization of two main characters, namely Nancy who has an arrogant nature and often insults others, and Bintang who is humble and always prays to God. Through the characterization of these two characters, the author conveys various educational values ​​including the value of simplicity, the spirit of pursuing ideals, moral education such as diligent study and humility, character education regarding respect for parents and teachers, the value of hard work, responsibility, patience in facing trials, the importance of admitting mistakes and forgiveness, and friendship. This research contributes to the world of education in utilizing children's literature as a medium for character formation, and provides references in selecting reading materials that suit the needs of children's character development.

This study aims to find the values ​​contained in the novel shown through the characterization of the characters. These characterizations are related to the values ​​that occur in the lives of the characters in the novel Simfoni Persahabatan by Fakhri Violinist. This study uses a qualitative method with a structural approach that focuses on characterization and its relationship to educational values. Data were collected through document study techniques by carefully reading the novel and noting parts related to characterization, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to draw conclusions about the values ​​and messages contained in the novel. The results of the study show that the author successfully presents the characterization of two main characters, namely Nancy who has an arrogant nature and often insults others, and Bintang who is humble and always prays to God. Through the characterization of these two characters, the author conveys various educational values ​​including the value of simplicity, the spirit of pursuing ideals, moral education such as diligent study and humility, character education regarding respect for parents and teachers, the value of hard work, responsibility, patience in facing trials, the importance of admitting mistakes and forgiveness, and friendship. This research contributes to the world of education in utilizing children's literature as a medium for character formation, and provides references in selecting reading materials that suit the needs of children's character development.

This research seeks to examine how changes in citizenship influence the legal validity of marriage, emphasizing both juridical aspects and practical implications. In an era of globalization and increased international mobility, the phenomenon of changing or losing citizenship has become more frequent. The legal consequences of such changes for marital validity represent a crucial area that demands comprehensive analysis, particularly in relation to national and international marriage laws. The study combines an international literature review with empirical data and legal analysis derived from the works of Mr. Mustain, a lecturer at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta. Findings reveal that a shift in citizenship can alter the legal standing of a marriage, generate legal ambiguities, and influence family rights such as child custody and inheritance. To address these issues, regulatory harmonization, the proactive engagement of religious authorities, and legal reform at the national level are essential to ensure adequate legal protection for couples undergoing citizenship transitions. Employing a library research method with a qualitative-normative approach, this study analyzes statutory provisions, judicial rulings, and relevant scholarly sources. The findings underscore that citizenship alteration may impact the legality of marriage, particularly when legal systems differ between the country of origin and the newly acquired nationality. In summary, citizenship changes can lead to legal uncertainty regarding marital validity, underscoring the need for legal harmonization and clear protective frameworks for affected couples. This research thus contributes significantly to the discourse on marriage law and citizenship policy development.

Children development in the digital era confronts substantial challenges stemming from rapid technological advancements. Children of the current generation, specifically Gen Z and Post Gen Z, are immersed in digital technology from a young age. Early childhood represents a demographic highly susceptible to the detrimental influences of digital media. Consequently, it is imperative to ensure that digital media utilized in early childhood education not only effectively fosters children's skills and knowledge but also remains secure and avoids producing adverse outcomes. This community service project purpose is to provide children with healthy internet literacy and to conduct training on creating digital content for them. This activity's focus was on managers and children of Mizan Amanah Orphanage for Orphans and the Poor in Surakarta. Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach was utilized, with the goal community empowering by leveraging its inherent potential and resources. Implementation phases involved a needs assessment (Discovery), defining aspirations (Dream), creating the training module (Design), finalizing a plan through a Focus Group Discussion (Define), and executing the training (Destiny). The processed questionnaires from all participants concluded that workshop material was highly beneficial and tutor's delivery was satisfactory. 63% of participants were satisfied, and 32% were very satisfied.

The low level of financial literacy in Indonesia, which only reached 49.68% according to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2022, highlights the urgency of financial education from an early age. Children aged 11–12 are at an ideal developmental stage to understand basic financial concepts such as income, expenses, saving, and delayed gratification. This study aims to introduce financial literacy through an interactive learning medium in the form of a board game. Board games are chosen because they enhance children's engagement in learning while playing and serve as an alternative to excessive gadget use. Through gameplay, children practice financial decision-making by simulating buying and selling activities, managing expenses, and choosing to save. This approach also supports the development of children's self-efficacy, which refers to their belief in their ability to manage financial tasks. By applying this method, children are expected not only to understand the value of money but also to implement basic financial management skills in daily life. Educational board games offer an effective tool for instilling healthy financial habits from an early age.

The purpose of this research is to create an interactive Augmented Reality (AR)-based educational application that can display the Indonesian folktale "Keong Mas" using Unity 3D and Vuforia SDK. Due to the dominance of modern digital entertainment that is more visually appealing, the younger generation's interest in traditional folktales is declining. The choice of AR technology is based on its ability to combine three-dimensional virtual objects with the real environment in real-time, resulting in an interactive, engaging, and memorable learning experience. The research process used is the Life Cycle of Multimedia Development (MDLC), which consists of six stages: ideation, design, material collection, compilation, testing, and deployment. 3D character models, background environments, and interactive stories appear in the application when the camera detects certain markers. Testing was conducted using the black-box method to ensure all functions, including marker tracking, scene transitions, and narration playback, run smoothly. The test results show that the AR application "Keong Mas" successfully displays the folktale interactively and engagingly, thereby increasing the learning interest of children and adolescents. This application not only serves as an innovative learning medium but also contributes to the preservation of local culture through the integration of digital technology.

This study aims to analyze the negative impact of learning pressure on early childhood development at Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Mawadah Warahmah Medan. The background of this research is based on the increasing academic demands on early childhood, particularly in reading, writing, and arithmetic skills, which are often inconsistent with their developmental stages. The research employed a qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that learning pressure negatively affects several aspects of child development, such as causing learning stress, reducing intrinsic motivation, limiting creativity, and hindering social- emotional growth. These findings emphasize that early childhood education should focus on play-based approaches, exploration, and holistic potential development rather than solely on academic achievement. The contribution of this research is expected to provide valuable insights for teachers, parents, and educational institutions regarding the importance of reducing academic pressure and implementing learning methods aligned with the principles of early childhood education.

This community service program aims to enhance the role of integrated health service posts (Posyandu) in monitoring child growth and development in Kenangan Baru Village, so that children in Kenangan Baru Village can grow and develop optimally. The research method used in this study was participatory action research (PAR) with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted in several stages: preparation, intervention, and evaluation. Through this community service program, it is hoped that it will make a significant contribution to improving the knowledge and skills of Posyandu cadres in monitoring child growth and development, as well as increasing parental awareness and participation in monitoring child growth and development at the Posyandu in Kenangan Baru Village. This activity also helps build community independence by increasing public awareness and participation in development activities. The Community Service Program (KKN) in Kenangan Baru Village was successfully implemented and had a positive impact on the community. Through coordination and introductions with the village office staff and Posyandu cadres, we were able to understand the existing conditions and design an appropriate work program.

The development of digital technology has transformed children’s patterns of interaction through online games, which serve both as entertainment and transactional spaces. As digital consumers, children are entitled to protection equal to adults, yet they remain vulnerable to risks such as inappropriate content, fraud, data manipulation, and exploitation. Despite the existence of legal frameworks like the Consumer Protection Law, the Child Protection Law, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, this study reveals that these laws do not specifically address children as a vulnerable group in the digital environment. This research employs an empirical normative approach to highlight the shortcomings of current regulations. Given the rapidly growing use of digital platforms by children, stronger regulatory measures, greater parental involvement, and increased responsibility from platform providers are essential to ensure the fulfillment of children’s rights and provide adequate protection in the digital space. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive legal reform to safeguard children’s digital rights.

This study explores teachers’ perceptions of the importance of the Indonesian language in developing communication skills among early childhood learners. As a national language and medium of unity, Indonesian plays a strategic role in children’s linguistic and social growth. The research applied a qualitative descriptive design, using interviews, observations, and documentation with teachers at TK Ar-Raudah in Banjar Regency. Findings reveal that teachers perceive Indonesian as a crucial foundation for enhancing children’s speaking, comprehension, and expressive abilities. The language also supports children’s confidence and social interaction in learning contexts. However, challenges remain, such as the dominance of regional languages and limited teaching resources. Teachers employ strategies combining local and Indonesian languages to build comprehension and comfort. The study concludes that systematic use of Indonesian from early childhood fosters better communication competence and strengthens national identity. Enhancing teacher training and parental involvement is recommended to optimize Indonesian language development in early childhood education.

This study aims to describe the early literacy skills of elementary school students through the use of letter-arranging teaching media based on three main indicators: letter suitability, accuracy in arranging letters into words, and accuracy in combining syllables into words. Early literacy is a crucial foundation for mastering reading and writing skills that influence students’ academic development. However, many lower-grade students still face difficulties in recognizing letters and forming words correctly. To address this, learning media that are concrete, interactive, and suitable for children’s developmental stages are needed. The letter-arranging teaching medium was chosen because it trains basic reading skills through enjoyable play-based activities. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method involving 22 second-grade students. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire consisting of 10 statements, then analyzed using the mean score and response distribution. The results showed an overall mean of 3.39, categorized as very good. The highest indicator was letter suitability and accuracy in forming simple words (mean 3.6), while the lowest was accuracy in combining syllables into complex words (mean 3.1). These findings indicate that the letter-arranging medium effectively strengthens early literacy, particularly in letter recognition and simple word composition, while also improving motivation, confidence, and cooperation.

English literacy at early childhood is a crucial foundation for language development, cognitive growth, and academic readiness. TK Desa Bagi 01, despite its high academic achievements, faces several challenges in teaching English, including a busy daily schedule, limited learning time, and restricted access to interactive learning media. This community service program was designed to address these challenges by introducing English literacy to young learners in a creative and engaging manner while simultaneously enhancing teachers’ skills in employing interactive and contextually relevant teaching media. The program employed several methods: observation of current teaching practices, planning and development of creative learning media such as flashcards, posters, storybooks, and puppets, implementation of learning activities through play-based approaches, and evaluation of student and teacher outcomes. The results indicate a significant increase in student enthusiasm, active participation, and comprehension of basic English vocabulary. Teachers also demonstrated improved creativity and confidence in using various teaching media to support literacy learning. This program shows that English literacy can be effectively fostered in early childhood using simple, locally relevant, and sustainable media. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of teacher development in enhancing the quality of English learning in rural school contexts. Overall, the initiative provides a practical model for integrating interactive English literacy education in early childhood settings with long-term potential for rural education improvement.

The POSEIDON 2025 program is a community service initiative focused on enhancing environmental resilience and improving the welfare of coastal communities in Kalijaga Hamlet. The program began with a series of surveys aimed at identifying environmental conditions, social dynamics, and the main issues faced by local residents. The survey results revealed rapid sedimentation, accumulated waste along the coastline, and seawater intrusion that rendered groundwater unfit for consumption. Based on these findings, several solution-oriented activities were designed, including the installation of a water filter in the mosque, seminars and socialization on the functions and conservation of mangroves, the planting of 100 mangrove seedlings, the restoration of the Community Hall with the addition of an environmental-themed reading corner, and a beach clean-up activity. The program was carried out over three days with the involvement of local residents, students, academics, and social organizations. The implementation results showed an increase in public awareness of the importance of protecting mangrove ecosystems and coastal cleanliness, improved access to clean water, and enhanced environmental literacy among children. This program demonstrates that interdisciplinary collaboration and active community participation play a vital role in achieving sustainable and resilient coastal development.

This community service activity was carried out to support and strengthen the role of Sunday school teachers in fostering the social and emotional development of preschool children. Early social experiences generally begin in the family, but schools and religious education institutions also play a significant role in shaping children’s abilities to interact, share, and communicate effectively. The program was implemented at PAUD Arastamar Kids Pekanbaru through participatory activities that involved teachers and children. The approach emphasized interactive methods such as giving praise, teaching simple religious values, playing games, and organizing creative learning activities. Examples included origami-making, group singing, storytelling, and encouraging children to share crayons or toys with their peers. These activities not only created a fun and engaging learning atmosphere but also helped children develop empathy, cooperation, and independence. Teachers were guided to consistently integrate these activities into their routines to maximize the positive outcomes. The results of this service showed that Sunday school teachers could effectively encourage positive social-emotional growth by combining religious teachings with play-based and interactive learning. In conclusion, the program provided valuable contributions to strengthening the capacity of teachers while creating a supportive environment for children to interact positively and independently with others.

This study reports on an Independent Community Service Program (KKN Mandiri) conducted in Dusun Betu Raja 3, aimed at strengthening Islamic awareness through community-based educational activities. The program focused on two main initiatives: parenting dialogues with mothers, emphasizing child-rearing practices in line with Islamic values, and interactive sessions with children that introduced moral lessons from the stories of the prophets. Using participatory methods such as discussions, interactive lectures, and storytelling, the activities encouraged active engagement and created a supportive learning environment. Findings indicate that mothers gained a deeper understanding of the significance of Islamic parenting in shaping children’s moral character, while children demonstrated enthusiasm in listening to and applying the values embedded in prophetic stories. The program highlights the effectiveness of dialogical and narrative-based approaches in promoting religious awareness within rural communities. Overall, this initiative contributes not only to the development of individual family practices but also to the collective strengthening of Islamic identity in village life.