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Qawāʿid fiqhiyyah are a set of legal maxims or principles used in the science of fiqh to understand and interpret Islamic law. The term “qawāʿid” means rules or principles, while “fiqh” refers to a deep understanding of Islamic law. Thus, qawāʿid fiqhiyyah function as general guidelines in deriving legal conclusions from sharia texts. This study specifically examines the application of qawāʿid fiqhiyyah in the context of siyāsah fiqhiyyah, or Islamic political jurisprudence. Siyāsah fiqhiyyah refers to the principles of Islamic law applied in political and governmental affairs. In this context, “siyasah” refers to the management of public and state matters based on Islamic legal values. The main objective of applying these principles is to ensure that governmental policies and actions align with sharia and aim at achieving the welfare (maṣlaḥah) of the people. This research aims to explore how legal maxims play a role in shaping a normative framework for public policy within an Islamic governance context. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the analysis shows that the integration of qawāʿid fiqhiyyah and siyāsah fiqhiyyah is essential in establishing a just government that adheres to Islamic principles and promotes public welfare. The findings are expected to contribute to the body of knowledge in Islamic legal studies, particularly in offering contextual solutions for the challenges of modern governance.

This study aims to analyze the need for a website-based high-level thinking ability response text teaching module. This study is a type of qualitative research that focuses on the analysis of the need for a website-based high-level thinking ability response text teaching module at the junior high school level. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Kanor and MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Banjaranyar in January 2025 with 48 seventh grade students as research subjects. The results of the study indicate that the need for a website-based high-level thinking ability response text teaching module is very much needed by respondents or students. The findings of the integration are considered capable of providing an innovative and substantive learning experience.

Indonesian language learning includes four aspects of language skills, namely listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills and writing skills, writing is a language skill that aims to convey information in writing through graphic symbols that are clear and easy to understand by readers. The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the structure of the biographical text, namely the orientation of important events and reorientation. This description uses a case study approach, which is a method that aims to analyze and understand a phenomenon or problem in depth and comprehensively. This study uses data analysis techniques based on the Miles and Huberman model, namely through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.

The drama Ayahku Pulang is able to describe Indonesian families during the colonial era. This story is very stressful between family members. One of the people who experiences the most spiritual turmoil is Gunarto, a young man who is now an adult. Gunarto shows a tough, cynical nature, and does not accept his parents back who are no longer worthy of being his mainstay. In this context, the character of Gunarto is a very interesting literary object for research among teenagers. His position is so important for research on adolescent psychology because at this time they are in the midst of an identity crisis, regarding the search for identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the character of Gunarto as a representation of the inner conflict of adolescents in the drama Ayahku Pulang using Erikson's development theory. According to Eriksonian theory, adolescence is in search of identity through protest against wrong roles. Gunarto in this case is compared with a character who not only faces external conflict in his relationship with his father, but also internal conflict about the child's self-awareness, feelings of disappointment, and the need for emotional stability. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with drama text analysis techniques. Data obtained from the original manuscript of Ayahku Pulang were analyzed descriptively-analytically to explore the dynamics of Gunarto's psychology holistically. From this study, the importance of understanding the psychology of adolescence in literary works, especially when it comes to the relationship between parents and children. Gunarto's character is the voice of a wounded youth. This study focuses on literary psychology and is codified in Indonesian families. This scope opens up criticism of the role and how consistent the parental figure is in developing the identity of the younger generation.  

This study aims to analyze the development strategy of the Jeanete business, located in Maumere City, Jl. Kesehatan No. 3, Lorong Masuk SDK Yos Sudarso, through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis approach. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method using field observations, in-depth interviews with business owners, and documentation as data collection techniques. SWOT analysis was applied to identify internal and external factors influencing the growth of fashion thrift businesses. The findings indicate that the business strengths include affordable product prices, good-quality secondhand clothing, and increasing consumer interest in thrift fashion products. The identified weaknesses consist of limited business capital, unstable product supply, and inadequate utilization of digital marketing. Opportunities arise from the growing public awareness of sustainable lifestyles, rapid digital technology development, and the increasing popularity of thrift fashion among younger generations. Meanwhile, threats include intensifying competition, rapidly changing fashion trends, and fluctuations in product supply costs. Based on the SWOT matrix analysis, the recommended strategies involve strengthening digital marketing activities, improving customer service quality, diversifying products, expanding supplier networks, and implementing sustainability-oriented business practices. The study concludes that fashion thrift businesses have significant potential to grow while contributing to textile waste reduction and promoting sustainable fashion practices in Maumere City.

This study aims to analyze online news discourse surrounding the polemic of the construction of the Pesut Mahakam Monument in Samarinda City using Teun A. van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis model. This model consists of three main aspects: text structure (macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure), social cognition (how news is constructed by the media), and social context (how social, political, and economic factors influence news discourse). The research data were obtained from five online media sources: suaralkaltim.id, kaltimpost.id, tribunjatim.com, kaltimfaktual.co, and kompas.com.The analysis reveals that the media discourse tends to construct a narrative of criticism toward the monument's design, which is considered unclear in representing the Pesut Mahakam figure. In addition, public attention is also focused on the transparency of the project’s budget, which amounts to IDR 1.1 billion. The majority of the public and art observers tend to support the criticisms of the project, while the government emphasizes aspects of urban revitalization and artistic value.Through this analytical approach, it is found that the use of language in online news plays a significant role in shaping public opinion regarding urban icon development projects. This study also highlights the importance of public participation and budget transparency in urban development initiatives to prevent prolonged polemics in the future. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the media's role in shaping public perception and the necessity of transparency and inclusive governance in regional development planning.

This study examines the depiction of women’s struggles in the novel Perempuan yang Menunggu di Lorong Menuju Laut by Dian Purnomo using Françoise d’Eaubonne’s ecofeminism perspective. The novel highlights a strong connection between women and nature, both of which are subjected to oppression within a patriarchal social structure. The core issue discussed in this research is how female characters in the story respond to various forms of injustice—social, cultural, and ecological—and how the text constructs a parallel between the exploitation of women and the degradation of nature. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the forms of resistance expressed by the female characters against gender-based oppression and environmental damage. In addition, the research aims to demonstrate how ecofeminism serves as a critical framework to expose and challenge patriarchal dominance through literature. This research applies a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis. Data were gathered using reading and note-taking techniques, then interpreted based on De’Eaubonne’s ecofeminist theory. The results reveal that women in the novel resist domination through various actions, such as speaking out against injustice, rejecting violence, and raising environmental awareness. Their resistance is portrayed not just as personal defiance but as a collective effort rooted in ecological consciousness. The novel, therefore, becomes a medium that challenges patriarchal norms while proposing a more balanced relationship between humans and nature. In conclusion, this study affirms literature’s role as a powerful tool to voice socio-environmental concerns and promote the empowerment of women as agents of change.

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.

The irfani approach in the study of Islamic law is a method that integrates spiritual experience, intuition, and moral values in understanding and applying legal principles. This research aims to explore the relevance, implications, and challenges of the irfani approach within the context of Islamic law in Indonesia. By employing normative juridical analysis and literature study, this study finds that the irfani approach enriches the understanding of Islamic law by linking it to contemporary issues, such as social justice, environmental protection, and human rights. This perspective encourages a more holistic and ethical interpretation of legal principles, moving beyond rigid textual analysis. Furthermore, this research highlights the potential harmonization between Islamic law and customary law (adat law) in Indonesia. This integration can create a more inclusive, culturally adaptive, and community-responsive legal system, which aligns with Indonesia's pluralistic legal landscape. However, challenges remain in the widespread acceptance and implementation of the irfani approach. Resistance often arises from scholars and institutions that prefer conventional, textual, and rationalistic approaches to Islamic law, perceiving the irfani method as subjective or lacking legal rigor.Despite these challenges, strengthening education, scholarly dialogue, and interdisciplinary engagement between Islamic law scholars, legal practitioners, and policymakers can foster a greater appreciation for the ethical and spiritual dimensions of Islamic law. By incorporating mystical insights and moral considerations, the irfani approach has significant potential to contribute to the evolution of Islamic law in Indonesia, ensuring its relevance, inclusivity, and adaptability in addressing the complex challenges of modern society.

The Paradigma Sinektika learning model is a recommendation for educators to overcome the problems of learning to write literary genre texts, especially fantasy story texts with six innovative learning syntaxes. The Paradigma Sinektika Model is a development model that adopts the Suchman model and the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study aims to contextually develop an innovative learning model and propose a form of implementation of the Paradigma Sinektika model in learning to write fantasy story texts. This study uses library research methods (library research). Sources of literature in research are classified into primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this library research with documentation techniques. The data collection instrument was in verbal symbolic form, meaning that researchers collected texts for analysis using notes or recording devices. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman data analysis method. The results showed that the development of the Paradigma Sinektika learning model included a syntactic component consisting of six syntaxes, reaction systems, social systems, support systems, accompaniment effects and instructional impacts.

The main objectives of this study were to determine whether students of grade VIII of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan could write explanatory texts using the Inquiry model, to find out whether they could write explanatory texts using the Teams Games Tournament model, and to find out how the Teams Games Tournament model affected the ability of grade VIII students in writing explanatory texts. A total of 64 students were selected from a population of 351 grade VIII students and divided into two groups: the experimental group (32 participants) and the control group (32 participants). General statements, sequences of events, conclusions, causal and chronological conjunctions, technical terminology, and nouns were some of the instruments used. After the quantitative test of the two experimental groups, data analysis techniques such as hypothesis testing, normality testing, and analysis requirements testing were applied. The calculated t value > t table (3.42423 > 2.04227), which shows that grade VIII students at SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan significantly increased their capacity in writing explanatory texts during the 2023/2024 academic year, indicating that the Teams Games Tournament Model has a significant impact on the ability to write explanatory texts.

This study aims to (1) analyze the skills of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School in compiling explanatory texts before the implementation of the RAFT strategy. (2) Analyze the skills of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School in compiling explanatory texts after the implementation of the strategy. (3) Analyze the impact of the RAFT learning strategy on the skills of compiling explanatory texts of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School. The population in this study were class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School, namely class I with 26 students and class II with 27 students. The method used in this study was a two-group posttest design. Analysis assumption tests, normality tests and hypothesis tests were used in data analysis. The results of the study in the control class reached an average of 69.5 and were included in the "sufficient" category. The results of the study obtained with the RAFT strategy were 86.03 and were included in the "very good" category. Through the hypothesis test, namely tituing>ttable, namely 7.109>1.67528, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of the RAFT strategy on the ability to write explanatory texts of Class VIII students of SMP Swasta GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of infographic media can enhance the argumentative writing skills of eleventh-grade students at SMK Negeri Sragi, located in the Sragi District of Pekalongan Regency, Central Java. Argumentative writing is a critical academic skill that enables students to express opinions clearly, logically, and persuasively. However, many students struggle with organizing their ideas, building coherent arguments, and presenting supporting evidence effectively. To address this issue, the research employs a quantitative descriptive method with a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 30 students from grade XI were randomly selected as research participants. Infographics were introduced as an instructional medium to assist students in better understanding the structure of argumentative texts, including thesis statements, supporting arguments, counterarguments, and conclusions. The visual nature of infographics was expected to improve students’ ability to grasp and organize key components of argumentative writing. The results of data analysis indicate a significant improvement in students’ writing performance after the implementation of infographic-based instruction. Students demonstrated enhanced clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness in their arguments. Furthermore, the use of infographics increased student motivation and confidence in expressing opinions through writing. This research concludes that infographic media is an effective tool for improving argumentative writing skills among vocational high school students. It is recommended that educators incorporate visual learning tools such as infographics to support writing instruction. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more engaging and innovative teaching strategies that promote critical thinking and communication skills in the classroom.

Language plays a crucial role in the academic world as a tool for communicating ideas and information systematically. In writing academic texts such as research proposals, the use of proper grammar in accordance with academic conventions is a fundamental aspect that must be considered. Good grammar enhances the readability of a study and clarifies the author’s intentions and objectives. Conversely, grammatical errors may lead to ambiguity, reduce the credibility of the research, and hinder readers’ understanding. This study aims to analyze the grammatical structure of a research proposal titled "Innovative Mirror Neuron Approach Based on Gender for Character Development and Scientific Communication to Support the SDGs in the Era of Society 5.0", focusing on the introductory chapter. Using a qualitative approach with textual analysis, the study examines morphological, syntactic, and discourse-level aspects of the proposal. The findings reveal that while the text generally meets academic writing standards, there are several areas that require improvement, particularly in sentence structure, conjunction usage, clarity of meaning, punctuation, and terminological consistency. This research highlights the importance of grammar mastery in academic writing and offers recommendations to enhance the linguistic quality of research proposals among students.

This research explores the role of the principle of love in addressing toxic relationships and friendships among young adults. Using a mixed-methods approach combining textual analysis and interviews, we investigated vital concepts related to the principle of love, toxic relationships, and strategies for addressing these issues. Through data analysis, we found that applying the principle of love can help young adults repair or end harmful relationships and friendships wisely and empathetically. These findings have practical implications for developing youth service programs and interventions to support young people's mental and emotional well-being in interpersonal relationships.

Reading literacy skills are essential for all teachers, including mathematics teachers. Reading literacy is not only about the ability to comprehend texts but also plays a crucial role in supporting critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and problem-solving in the learning process. Acknowledging its importance, the author conducted a community service activity in the form of a training program aimed at strengthening reading literacy skills among junior high school mathematics teachers in Moa District. The training was held on Thursday, October 17, 2024, at the PSDKU Hall of Pattimura University, Southwest Maluku Regency Campus. A total of 17 junior high school mathematics teachers from Moa District participated in the activity.The training methods included the presentation of reading literacy materials in the context of mathematics learning, group discussions, and hands-on practice in analyzing and developing literacy-based math problems. The success of the training was measured using two instruments: a questionnaire assessing participants’ understanding of the material and a test measuring their reading literacy skills before and after the training. Data analysis revealed that participants generally felt they understood the material presented. Moreover, there was a noticeable improvement in their reading literacy skills following the training. These results indicate that the training was conducted effectively and achieved its intended objectives. This activity is expected to have a positive impact on improving the quality of mathematics instruction in schools by enhancing teachers' reading literacy as a key component in facilitating student learning.

Many students find it difficult to connect abstract mathematical concepts with real-world applications, leading to limited problem-solving and modeling skills. This study aimed to develop a real-world problem-based mathematics module designed to enhance students’ mathematical modeling abilities. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate the research involved secondary school students enrolled in mathematics classes. The Define stage identified learning difficulties and needs, while the Design and Develop stages focused on creating, validating, and refining a contextual mathematics module based on expert feedback. Quantitative data were collected through expert validation sheets, mathematical modeling tests, and student response questionnaires. The results demonstrated that the developed module achieved a high level of content and design validity, confirming its appropriateness for classroom use. Student responses indicated strong practicality and engagement during implementation. The effectiveness analysis showed a 28% improvement in mathematical modeling skills after the intervention, as evidenced by increased post-test scores and positive student feedback. Compared to traditional textbook-based instruction, the module proved more effective in fostering conceptual understanding, analytical reasoning, and real-world application of mathematics. In conclusion, the developed real-world problem-based module successfully bridges the gap between theoretical mathematics and authentic contexts, providing an innovative framework to cultivate modeling competence and critical thinking among students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of vocabulary on the ability to write descriptive texts, to find out grammar on the ability to write descriptive texts and to find out the relationship between the use of vocabulary and grammar on the ability to write descriptive texts in students of SMP Negeri 11 Jayapura City. With a quantitative research method. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of vocabulary and grammar mastery on the ability to write descriptive texts of junior high school students in Jayapura City. statistically proven with a significant value (Sig.) which is smaller than 0.05 on all variables tested, both individually and together. These results indicate that the combination of vocabulary and grammar mastery is very important to improve students' descriptive text writing skills. Overall, the variables of grammar and vocabulary mastery can explain 60 percent of the variation in students' descriptive text writing skills, with vocabulary making a greater contribution (35.74 percent) than grammar (24.26 percent). These findings emphasize the importance of focusing on developing vocabulary and grammar simultaneously to achieve the best results in learning to write descriptive texts in junior high schools in Jayapura City.

Supplier selection is a strategic element in supply chain management to ensure operational efficiency and business sustainability. This study aims to determine the best urea supplier for PT DSSA 1, a textile company specializing in dyeing and finishing processes, using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. This method was chosen for its ability to systematically analyze interdependencies among criteria, leading to more accurate and comprehensive decision-making. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with internal company sources, and relevant literature reviews. The analysis was based on five main criteria: quality, price, service, delivery, and flexibility, each further broken down into sub-criteria. The results indicate that quality is the most critical criterion, with the highest weight of 23.19%, followed by price, service, and delivery, each with relatively balanced weights of 19.93%. Flexibility, although ranked last with a weight of 17.01%, remains relevant, especially for urgent orders. Based on the analysis, Supplier A was identified as the best choice with the highest overall weight, followed by Supplier B and Supplier C. This study provides practical contributions by offering strategic recommendations for PT DSSA 1 in selecting suppliers that support production efficiency and business sustainability. The study is limited in the scope of criteria and the number of suppliers analyzed. Future research is recommended to explore more variables, expand the sample size, and consider the implementation of digital technologies to optimize the supply chain.