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Background: Accurate coding of external cause in injury diagnoses is crucial to ensure the validity of medical records, support health policy decisions, and maintain the quality of morbidity reporting.  Objective: To determine the factors that influence the inaccuracy of external cause codes in injury diagnosis at Thalia Irham General Hospital, Panciro, Gowa Regency. Method: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using observation and in-depth interviews with outpatient coders handling injury cases. Result: The study found that only 36% of the medical record documents were coded accurately, 26% were inaccurately coded, and 36% lacked any external cause code. The main causes of inaccuracy included incomplete anamnesis, limited time, absence of specific standard operating procedures (SOPs), and the belief that external cause codes do not impact BPJS claims. Conclusion: The low level accuracy of external cause coding is caused by the lack of understanding of officers regarding the ICD-10 Chapter XX classification, the absence of a specific SOP for coding injuries, and the perception that external cause codes do not affect the claims system.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of audit procedures on the cash account in nonprofit organizations, specifically in the P Educational Foundation, conducted by the Public ccounting Firm Djoko Soerjadi. The research employs a qualitative approach with the P Educational Foundation as the object of study. Primary data were obtained through direct observation during the audit process. The resulty indicate that the applied audit procedures include the determination of materiality levels, preparation of audit working papers, reconciliation of cash balances between financial statements and the general ledger, examination of bank statements, and the sending of bank confirmation letters. All cash audit procedures were carried out systematically and in accordance with applicable auditing standars in Indoensia. Theses findings suggest that the audit procedures performed by the Public Accounting Firm Djoko Soerjadi were conducted professionally and contributed to ensuring the transparency and accountability of the P Educational Foundation’s financial statements.

Hospitals, as healthcare institutions, bear the responsibility of delivering safe, high-quality, and patient-centered services. Hospital accreditation serves as a crucial mechanism to ensure service quality and legal protection for patients, particularly in medical dispute cases. This study aims to analyze the impact of accreditation on patient legal protection, both preventively and repressively. The research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data were analyzed through document studies covering Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, government regulations, presidential regulations, and technical regulations from the Ministry of Health regarding accreditation standards and procedures. The findings indicate that accreditation functions as a continuous evaluation mechanism to ensure medical services comply with safety standards and clinical governance, strengthens patients’ rights to information, informed consent, and quality care, and reduces the risk of medical disputes. However, implementation challenges exist, including limited resources, compliance performed as formalities, and inconsistent supervision. Therefore, accreditation is not merely an administrative symbol but a strategic legal instrument that enhances patient safety culture and hospital accountability, ensuring that healthcare delivery meets professional, ethical, and legal standards.

This study evaluates the consistency of transmitter level performance through calibration data obtained from the Instrumentation Maintenance Unit of the Cilegon PLTGU. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy, linearity, and stability of transmitter output against standard reference values. Qualitative methods were used, including direct observation, interviews, and literature studies to support the analysis of calibration procedures. Calibration data from the Masoneilan 12420-51 and Yokogawa EJA210E transmitters were analyzed using a comparative approach between normal and abnormal calibration results. Classification was based on the difference between the actual output and the 4–20 mA standard signal, with a tolerance limit of ±0.25% in accordance with ISA and IEC calibration standards. The results of the study show that the Level-3 Deaerator Storage Tank transmitter operates within the normal range, with excellent linearity and accuracy, while the Flash ST Tank Level transmitter shows minor deviations outside the tolerance limit, categorized as abnormal. These deviations suggest the potential for drift or zero shift influenced by environmental factors and aging. This study concludes that periodic calibration is necessary to maintain tranmitter performance reliability and ensure accurate signal transmission in the automatic control system at the Cilegon PLTGU facility.

This study investigates the algebraic reasoning processes of university students when expanding mathematical expressions in the context of nonroutine problem-solving. The research adopts a qualitative approach to explore how students interpret algebraic structures, apply symbolic transformations, and construct logical explanations while working through unfamiliar tasks. Data were collected through written tests, task-based interviews, and detailed analysis of students’ solution strategies. The findings reveal significant variation in students’ ability to generalize patterns, recognize structural relationships, and justify algebraic procedures. Students with strong conceptual understanding demonstrated flexible reasoning, coherent explanations, and appropriate use of algebraic properties. In contrast, students who relied heavily on procedural rules often struggled with symbolic manipulation, produced fragmented reasoning, and exhibited misconceptions related to variables and distributive operations. These results highlight the importance of fostering conceptual understanding, metacognitive awareness, and reasoning-oriented instruction in university mathematics. The study provides insights for educators seeking to design learning environments that promote deeper algebraic thinking and enhance students’ ability to solve complex, nonroutine problems.

The development of generative artificial intelligence has opened opportunities for strengthening Islamic legal learning through a digital forum that remains connected to authoritative textual references. This study aims to design and build a web-based bahtsul masail discussion system using a multi-agent AI architecture and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) method. The proposed system simulates the deliberative roles commonly found in pesantren-based Islamic legal discussion, namely Moderator, Mubahits, Mu'aridh, and Mushahih. The research applies a Research and Development approach with the Waterfall model, covering requirement analysis, interface design, multi-agent workflow design, implementation, functional testing, and evaluation. RAG is implemented by allowing users to upload PDF documents of kitab kuning and assign the documents to particular agent roles. The uploaded texts are then used as contextual grounding so that each agent can formulate arguments, rebuttals, and final decisions based on traceable references rather than unsupported model memory. The application is implemented using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript on the front end, while the AI reasoning process is orchestrated through an API-based large language model. Functional testing shows that the system can complete five sequential stages of bahtsul masail, display role-based responses, manage uploaded references, and present discussion history. The main contribution of this study is a system design that combines pesantren deliberation procedures with AI-based retrieval support to provide an interactive learning medium for Islamic law, while emphasizing that the final authority of legal validation remains with qualified scholars

This study aims to examine various factors that influence customers' engagement in choosing the Cicil Emas product as a form of long-term investment at Bank Muamalat Purwokerto. This research is based on the increasing trend of gold investment in the community caused by the increase in gold prices and awareness of the importance of halal investment according to sharia principles. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation of Bank Muamalat Purwokerto. The results show that customer interest is influenced by several main factors, namely trust in sharia principles through the murabahah contract, a positive perception of gold as a stable investment asset, the ease of installment procedures that are flat and transparent, and the efficiency of the payment system through autodebit. In addition, social factors such as family recommendations and active promotions from the marketing department also strengthen customer interest. From the SWOT analysis, it was found that the main strength of this product lies in Bank Muamalat's reputation as a pioneering sharia bank and a stable installment system, while its main weaknesses are limited physical gold stocks and low public investment literacy. With increasing public awareness of sharia investment and the large market potential in Purwokerto, the Cicil Emas product has strong prospects for continued growth as a safe and Islamically-compliant long-term investment instrument.

Tax is a mandatory contribution to the state owed by individuals or entities, which is mandatory under the law, without receiving any direct compensation and is used for state purposes for the greatest prosperity of the people. (KUP Law). The Taxation System (Coretax), which became operational in 2025, with all its news aspects, has attracted much public attention, especially from businesses and individuals, regarding developments in tax reporting, procedures, and regulations in Indonesia. The public is required to understand tax equalization and related aspects, as it can impact the sustainability of both businesses and individuals. The webinar "Smart Tax and Smart Talent: Tax Equalization in the Digital Era" was held as an educational forum for students, academics, practitioners, and the general public to understand the transformation of taxation in the digital era. Through this activity, participants are expected to gain insight into technology-based tax management strategies and develop their readiness as intelligent talents capable of contributing to the national digital economy system.

Background: Sectio caesarea is performed to ensure the safety of the mother and baby. Before the operation, health workers, especially nurses, need to provide education to the mother about informed consent and the operation procedure to reduce the mother's anxiety and concerns about the safety of her baby. Objective: To determine the effect of providing informed consent education on surgical preparation with anxiety levels in patients with Pre-Operational Caesarean Section. Method: This study is an analytical survey study using the cross-sectional method. The study was conducted at RSIA Murni Teguh Rosiva Medan. The population was 30 people and all of them were used as samples, sampling was done using purposive sampling. The analysis was performed univariately in the frequency distribution table and bivariately using the Kendall's tau-b test. Results: This study showed that the majority of pre-operative caesarean section patients stated that the provision of informed consent education in preparation for surgery was in the good category (60.0%). The majority of pre-operative caesarean section patients felt mild anxiety (50.0%). The provision of informed consent education in preparation for surgery had a significant effect on the level of anxiety of pre-operative caesarean section patients at RSIA Murni Teguh Rosiva Medan, p-value = 0.005 <0.05. Conclusion: The anxiety of pre-operative caesarean section patients was influenced by the provision of informed consent education in preparation for surgery by nurses. Suggestion: It is recommended that nurses provide informed consent education regarding preparation for caesarean section surgery to improve the knowledge and readiness of mothers to overcome anxiety that can affect caesarean section procedures.

PT. YGI, an automotive manufacturing company, uses the Press Injection GB-36 machine in its production process. However, this machine frequently experiences failures, causing high downtime and reduced production efficiency. This study aims to identify the types of failures, determine the most critical components, and propose a maintenance system using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative, involving FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), Logic Tree Analysis (LTA), and maintenance action selection. Data were collected through observations, historical failure documentation, and interviews. The analysis results indicate that components such as the injection nozzle, heating, and clamping are the most critical, contributing over 80% of total failures based on Pareto analysis and the highest RPN values in FMEA. Proposed maintenance actions include Condition Directed and Time Directed approaches. Additionally, the maintenance system is supplemented with standard operating procedures (SOP) and routine inspection schedules to improve machine reliability and reduce production downtime. This study is expected to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the Press Injection GB-36 machine at PT. YGI through the appropriate implementation of RCM.

This research aims to analyze the vital role of the Crewing Department in the recruitment, placement, and management of ship crew members at PT Margo Indonesia Servicestama Jakarta. The availability of competent, loyal, and ethical crew members is a key factor for ensuring the safety and efficiency of shipping operations. This study focuses on the procedures and strategies implemented by the crewing department to guarantee that recruited personnel meet company standards, uphold core values, and demonstrate a strong work ethic. The research employs field research to directly observe recruitment and crew placement practices, complemented by a literature review to examine relevant regulations and theories on maritime human resource management. The findings reveal that the Crewing Department plays a critical role in preventing undesirable incidents onboard, such as desertion, cargo theft, and operational failures. Such issues often originate from recruitment processes that fail to meet standard requirements or misalignments between crew perspectives and the company's vision and mission. PT Margo Indonesia Servicestama addresses these challenges by emphasizing integrity, professionalism, and adherence to company SOPs at every stage of crew procurement. The study concludes that the Crewing Department functions not only as a liaison between shore management and the ship’s crew but also as the primary filter responsible for maintaining high-quality human resources at sea. Continuous dedication, professionalism, and transparent procedures are recommended to sustain and improve fleet operational quality.

A crane is a mechanical device used to move loads from one location to another, with gantry cranes being one of the most commonly used types in the industrial sector, particularly at container terminals. While offering numerous benefits, the use of gantry cranes also presents several risks, such as potential structural failure of the crane, falling loads due to damage to hooks or ropes, and collisions with other objects. Additionally, lifting loads beyond the crane’s capacity can lead to equipment damage and even fatal accidents caused by electric shocks or adverse weather conditions like strong winds and rain. This study aims to identify and minimize workplace accident risks by applying the SWIFT (Structured What-If Technique) method. This method identifies hazards through the "what if" approach and evaluates risks using the Risk Rating Number (RRN), which measures the severity and likelihood of potential hazards. The results of this study show that ARTG and STS gantry cranes have 25% of hazards in the priority one category, while RTG has 20% of hazards in the same priority. From these findings, it can be concluded that risk mitigation should be focused on the ARTG and STS types, which show higher risk proportions. The recommendations from this study are to enhance safety procedures, provide continuous training for operators, and conduct regular crane maintenance to reduce the potential for accidents. By implementing these mitigation measures, it is hoped that workplace safety will be maintained and the risk of workplace accidents at the Semarang Container Terminal can be minimized.

This research aims to provide an in-depth explanation of the extension procedure for the Equipment Safety Certificate of the Tug Boat TB. Mitra Jaya XVI. This process is conducted at the Class I Port Authority and Harbormaster's Office (KSOP) Dumai and managed by PT. Berlian Ocean Shipping Dumai as the shipping agent. The equipment safety certificate is a vital document ensuring the seaworthiness of the vessel's equipment and compliance with maritime regulations. The research methodology utilized is a combination of Field Research—involving direct observation at the site—and Library Research—for gathering relevant regulatory and theoretical data. The findings indicate that the process for managing the certificate extension has generally complied with the established Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Nevertheless, applicants still face significant obstacles during the application process. These constraints include delays in document inspection by related parties and technical issues within the online SIMKAPEL system (Information Management System for Harbormaster and Ship Services), which frequently experiences disruption. These system outages repeatedly lead to the postponement of certificate issuance. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that while formal procedures are followed, there is a necessity for optimizing the ship agency services and internal supervision. It is crucial to implement improvements to the technical system of SIMKAPEL and enhance internal coordination between surveyors and administrative staff at the KSOP to reduce waiting times, ensuring that certificates are issued promptly for the smooth operation of the vessel.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of four principles of Good Governance in an effort to improve the quality of public services at the Archives and Library Service of Gorontalo Province. The method used in this study is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach, involving various stakeholders in the process. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the principles of Good Governance in the Archives and Library Service of Gorontalo Province has been running well. Accountability is reflected through standard operating procedures (SOPs), effective supervision, information disclosure, and active public participation, while transparency is supported by the iArpus application and the SAKTI Card program, which allow for more accessible public access. The principle of the rule of law is consistently applied through regulations, personnel regulations, and the latest Governor's Regulation, ensuring that services become orderly and directed. Although follow-up to public input still needs to be accelerated, overall, the service demonstrates a strong commitment to professional, modern, and responsible public services.

\ This study aims to analyze the influence of bureaucratic leadership style on employee performance with teamwork as an intervening variable at the Forestry Service of Jambi Province. Human resources are the main determinant of organizational success, particularly in public bureaucracies that demand effectiveness, discipline, and strong responsibility. Bureaucratic leadership, which emphasizes formal structure, rule compliance, and systematic work procedures, is believed to enhance efficiency but may also limit employee creativity and flexibility. In this context, teamwork becomes a crucial factor that strengthens the relationship between leadership and performance through enhanced collaboration, communication, and synergy among employees. This research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. The population consists of 56 employees of the Forestry Service of Jambi Province selected using saturated sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that bureaucratic leadership style has a positive and significant effect on both employee performance and teamwork. Furthermore, teamwork also has a positive and significant effect on performance and mediates the relationship between bureaucratic leadership and performance. The R-square results show that most of the variation in performance can be explained by bureaucratic leadership and teamwork. These findings highlight that the effectiveness of bureaucratic leadership is optimized when supported by strong teamwork. This study provides practical implications for public institutions to develop adaptive leadership strategies and foster a collaborative work culture to enhance employee productivity and organizational performance.

This study aims to analyze students' understanding and difficulties in probability in grade XII of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa and identify the contributing factors. The research method used is descriptive with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were obtained from the results of the problems given to students, then analyzed to determine the level of understanding, types of errors, and the percentage of difficulties experienced. Meanwhile, qualitative data were obtained through interviews with subject teachers to deepen information regarding the obstacles faced by students and the learning strategies implemented. The results showed that most students experienced difficulties in determining the sample space, applying probability formulas, and interpreting calculation results. Contributing factors include limited understanding of basic concepts, a lack of variety in practice questions, and learning that still focuses on procedures. Based on these findings, the researcher offers solutions in the form of contextual learning, conceptual reinforcement through class discussions, and the provision of step-by-step practice questions with teacher guidance. This research is expected to contribute to teachers in improving the effectiveness of probability learning in schools.

Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, which is a common clinical condition requiring rapid and accurate diagnosis. Imaging modalities such as chest X-ray and ultrasound (USG) of the chest play a crucial role in identifying and evaluating this condition. Chest X-ray remains the most widely used initial screening tool due to its availability and ease of use. However, chest USG offers higher sensitivity, especially in detecting small effusions, assessing fluid characteristics, and guiding diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Additionally, USG provides real-time imaging, enhancing the safety and effectiveness of interventions such as aspiration or drainage. Although both modalities are important, USG provides more detailed information, particularly in evaluating more complex pleural fluid conditions. This review discusses the latest evidence regarding the sensitivity, specificity, advantages, and limitations of both imaging techniques. Understanding the complementary roles of chest X-ray and USG is essential for optimizing diagnostic strategies, ultimately improving clinical outcomes and enabling more effective management of pleural effusion.

This study aims to analyze the contribution of classical and modern management theories in establishing the foundations of educational management in Indonesia. The study focuses on Frederick W. Taylor's scientific management theory, Henri Fayol's administrative theory, Max Weber's bureaucracy theory, and Peter F. Drucker's modern management theory. The research method used is library research with a content analysis approach, which examines relevant literature in the form of books, journals, and articles. The results of the study show that Taylor emphasizes work efficiency through systematic procedures, Fayol emphasizes the importance of managerial functions (planning, organizing, directing, controlling), Weber emphasizes order and formal legitimacy through rational rules, while Drucker focuses more on achieving vision, innovation, and empowering people as knowledge workers. In general, the theories of Taylor, Fayol, and Weber provide a classical foundation for educational management with an orientation towards structure, efficiency, and rules, while Drucker provides a modern foundation that emphasizes flexibility, innovation, and social relevance. Thus, a combination of classical and modern theories can be used as a strategic basis to strengthen Indonesian educational management to be more adaptive in facing global challenges and the digital era.

Real Analysis is a fundamental course in mathematics education characterized by its deductive and axiomatic structure, which requires logical, systematic, and conceptual understanding. However, many studies have shown that students often face difficulties in grasping abstract concepts and constructing mathematical proofs deductively. Lestari (2015) found that most students were only able to conduct proofs inductively, while their deductive proof skills remained low due to weak prerequisite knowledge and lack of formal reasoning practice. Meanwhile, Darmadi, Sanusi, and Rifai (2024) explained that students’ difficulties in understanding formal definitions and the structure of real numbers indicate the need for a learning approach that emphasizes conceptual comprehension. This article employs a literature review approach to analyze the application of conceptual approaches in helping beginners understand Real Analysis. The results show that a conceptual approach enhances students’ understanding of the meaning behind mathematical symbols and procedures, helps them build connections among concepts such as limits, continuity, and the real number system, and gradually develops their deductive reasoning skills. Therefore, applying a conceptual approach in Real Analysis learning is an essential strategy to help students achieve deep, logical, and meaningful understanding.

This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of land rights transfer in disputed objects using a normative legal research method. Issues related to the transfer of land rights often give rise to legal disputes between interested parties, particularly when the transfer process does not comply with the prevailing agrarian laws and regulations. This research employs both the statutory approach and the conceptual approach to examine relevant legal provisions in depth, such as Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA) and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. The data were obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and analyzed qualitatively, emphasizing legal interpretation and expert doctrines. The findings reveal that any transfer of land rights carried out without proper legal procedures, both administratively and substantively, may result in legal consequences such as null and void transactions, ownership disputes, and even the annulment of land certificates by the court. Furthermore, it was found that the principles of legal certainty and legal protection for landowners are often neglected due to weak law enforcement and administrative irregularities in land affairs. This study emphasizes the importance of applying the principles of legality and prudence in every land rights transfer process to ensure legal certainty and justice for all parties involved in disputes.