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This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.  

This study explores the meaning of love and courage in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song "Taruh". Music serves as a cultural medium that reflects the construction of social reality, and song lyrics often become a space for expressing personal and collective experiences. The song "Taruh" illustrates the emotional complexity present in human relationships, particularly in interpreting the feelings of love intertwined with acts of bravery. This research employs Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory by examining the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations within the song's lyrics. The descriptive qualitative method is applied, with data obtained through non-participant observation and literature study. The findings indicate that the lyrics of "Taruh" do not portray an idealized version of love; instead, they express a more realistic view of love as something that includes pain, vulnerability, and imperfection. Interestingly, within those imperfections, there is a profound sense of courage—a willingness to endure, to remain, and to accept wounds as a part of emotional life. The syntagmatic analysis highlights how the arrangement of words in each stanza reflects stages of emotional struggle, longing, acceptance, and resilience. On the other hand, the paradigmatic analysis reveals that while alternative words could have been chosen, the selected diction intensifies the emotional nuance without shifting the central message of the narrative. Overall, the song constructs a layered narrative of love, where courage is found not in grand gestures but in silent endurance. This study shows how popular music, through its poetic structure, can communicate complex emotional truths and contribute to deeper cultural understandings of human emotion.

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style and work environment on employee performance at Home Industry Ice Cream El Fariz. The background of this research highlights the importance of adaptive human resource management in small business environments, where interpersonal relationships and informal organizational structures significantly impact work effectiveness. The research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method, in which data were collected through questionnaires from 30 employees as respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on employee performance. The findings indicate that neither leadership style nor work environment has a statistically significant effect on employee performance, as both variables showed p-values greater than 0.05. Simultaneously, the model was also found to be insignificant, with the F-statistic falling below the critical value. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.199, suggesting that only 19.9% of the variation in employee performance could be explained by the model, while the remaining 80.1% is influenced by other factors outside the study. These results imply that in the context of a home industry, informal factors such as intrinsic motivation, social bonds, and organizational culture play a more dominant role in shaping employee performance than the formal variables examined. This research provides practical insights for small business owners to adopt more contextual and relationship-based managerial approaches in enhancing workforce productivity.

This article discusses the relationship between the concept of sin in the Old Testament and the concept of the covenant. The thesis of this article is that the concept of sin in the Old Testament is describing the side of God's attribute, namely God's justice. While the concept of the covenant (covenant) is describing the attributes of God that represent God's love. The concept of sin in the Old Testament and its consequences is not showing God's wrath that is contrary to the God of love, but rather describing a God who is just and sovereign over His laws. Likewise, the concept of the covenant that is describing God's love, where God initiated the first and reminded Himself to humans who are His creations in the covenant. This agreement also shows God's loyalty to His people. This article will show that both the concept of sin in the Old Testament and the Testament concept have close ties and are bound together. By conducting the literature study method, this article will contribute conceptually useful to the concept of sin in the Old Testament and also the concept of the Covenant.

This article explores the law and ethics of the Old Testament, drawing on Micah 6:8; highlighting its relevance as a guide for everyday life. In the often complex and conflicted modern context, the principles contained in these ancient texts offer profound insights into how to live meaningful and ethical lives. The Torah, consisting of commandments and regulations, served not only as a religious guide for the Israelites, but also as a moral foundation that can be applied by anyone seeking justice, love, and integrity in social interactions. This article examines various aspects of the law, including social justice, protection of the weak, and individual responsibility to the community. In addition, the ethics of the Old Testament emphasize the importance of the relationship between humans and God, as well as between humans. Values ​​such as compassion, forgiveness, and respect are at the heart of these teachings, encouraging individuals to live in harmony with themselves and others. Through in-depth analysis, this article also provides concrete examples of how these principles can be applied in everyday life, whether in personal, social, or professional contexts. In this way, readers are expected to find inspiration and practical guidance for living a more ethical and meaningful life, in line with teachings that have existed for thousands of years.

This study aims to explore the behavioral dynamics of Generation Z (Gen Z) toward digital culinary brands on TikTok, a platform increasingly central to youth consumer engagement. The research investigates how Gen Z interacts with, interprets, and forms relationships with culinary content in a digital environment shaped by algorithmic trends and participatory culture. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 Gen Z participants aged 18–24 years who actively engage with culinary brand content on TikTok. Additional data were obtained from observational analysis of brand-related content and user interactions on the platform. Thematic analysis revealed three core themes: emotional engagement with sensory-rich food content, digital consumption as identity performance, and expectations of brand authenticity and interactivity. Participants expressed strong affective responses to visually appealing and immersive content, linked their brand preferences to personal values and social identity, and favored brands that demonstrated responsiveness, humor, and human-like interaction. These findings highlight the role of TikTok not only as a marketing tool but as a cultural space where brand perception and loyalty are socially constructed. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of consumer engagement by situating Gen Z’s behavior within a sociocultural and digital framework. Practically, it offers insights for culinary brands to develop more authentic, interactive, and value-driven content strategies. The findings also suggest implications for digital marketing policies and content regulation. Future research is recommended to explore cross-platform behaviors and cultural variations in digital brand engagement.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Facebook and Instagram as public relations communication tools at MI Darun Najah Srobyong, Jepara. A qualitative approach was employed using observation, in-depth interviews with the public relations team, teachers, parents, and community leaders, as well as documentation analysis. The findings indicate that both platforms have contributed to improving information transparency, community engagement, and the school's public image. However, several challenges were identified, including limited human resources and digital literacy gaps among parents. The study recommends content management training, digital literacy programs, and enhanced two-way interaction to optimize the role of social media in elementary school communication strategies.

Employee retention is a crucial aspect of human resource management, reflecting an organization's ability to retain its workforce over the long term. This study aims to analyze the effect of organizational commitment on employee retention, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The study was conducted at PT. BPR Tri Darma Putri Klungkung, involving a total of 57 employees as respondents. A quantitative associative approach was employed, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Squares (PLS) based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results reveal that organizational commitment has a significant positive effect on employee retention. Additionally, organizational commitment significantly affects job satisfaction, and job satisfaction, in turn, has a significant positive influence on employee retention. Furthermore, job satisfaction partially and complementarily mediates the relationship between organizational commitment and employee retention at PT. BPR Tri Darma Putri Klungkung. This study reinforces social exchange theory and offers practical implications for company management to enhance employee retention through strengthening commitment and job satisfaction.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that has a long-term impact on physical growth, cognitive development, and the quality of human resources in the future. This study aims to determine the relationship between family income and nutritional status of toddlers on the incidence of stunting in the Bukit Cening Daik Health Center working area, Lingga Regency, 2024. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 62 respondents selected through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between family income and nutritional status of children under five with the incidence of stunting (p < 0.05). This finding suggests that economic conditions and nutritional status play an important role in preventing stunting. Therefore, nutrition interventions targeting low-income families need to be strengthened to reduce stunting in the area.  

Literature is born from the human desire to express their existence, which is closely related to the relationship between individuals and with the reality of life. A literary work contains specific intentions and purposes set by the author. Therefore, all aspects of a literary work originate from the author, who plays a crucial role in generating creative ideas that are expressed through their writings.In line with technological advancements, literature has also undergone transformation. One of the indicators of this progress is the emergence of intersemiotic transfer or adaptation, namely the process of changing the medium through which a literary work is presented, such as from text to audiovisual or film. In this context, the researcher examines the adaptation process from novel to film as the object of study.The object of this research is the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, which was later adapted into a film by director Baz Luhrmann, released in 2013 under the same title. The novel portrays the life of the American upper class during the 1920s, an era often referred to as the Roaring Twenties.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research aims to describe and analyze social phenomena and activities found in the research object. The data were collected through reading, observing, and note-taking techniques, involving both the novel and the film script. In total, the researcher collected 12 data points from the analysis of the novel and its film adaptation.

This study aims to describe and analyze the natural landscape of Banyuwangi as experienced on the journey to Ijen Crater. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study records the physical, ecological, social, and emotional transformation of the landscape through direct observation, visual documentation, and reflective narratives. Ijen Crater as a natural tourism destination not only presents geological phenomena such as blue fire and acid lakes, but also represents a mosaic of landscapes that include agricultural zones, montane forests, community activities, and tourism dynamics. The findings show that the journey to Ijen Crater shows the complexity of landscape elements, the involvement of local communities in managing the space, and the appreciation of tourists that form personal and spiritual meanings. The conclusion of this study is that the journey is not just a physical movement, but a means to understand the relationship between humans and living nature. The implications of this study underline the importance of participatory and sustainable landscape-based ecotourism management.

Gender equality in the workforce is a fundamental issue closely linked to human rights and sustainable economic development. This study examines the paradox in the implementation of maternity leave rights as part of the legal protection for female workers—where a right intended to provide protection instead becomes a barrier during recruitment processes. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between the provisions on maternity leave rights and the principle of legal equality in the workplace, as well as to identify efforts that companies can undertake to protect female workers from discrimination and to promote gender equality. This study employs normative legal research methods with a qualitative approach by analyzing various national and international regulations related to the protection of female workers. Primary data were obtained through an in-depth review of Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, and their implementing regulations, as well as international conventions such as CEDAW and ILO standards. The analysis was carried out using a deductive approach to identify the gap between legal norms and the reality of their implementation in practice.

This study aims to describe the symbolism of rice seeds in the short story Sending the Last Rice Seeds to the Fields by Silvester Petara Hurit which reveals the relationship between various aspects of life and culture of the Lamaholot community, ranging from beliefs, traditions, to the relationship between humans and nature. This study uses a qualitative research method. The findings and discussion of the symbolism of rice seeds in the short story Sending the Last Rice Seeds to the Fields by Silvester Petara Hurit can be concluded as follows, 1) rice seeds as a symbol of life and fertility, 2) rice seeds as a symbol of Lamaholot tradition and culture, 3) rice seeds as a symbol of the relationship between humans and nature, and 4) rice seeds as a symbol of cultural resilience.

Language cannot be separated from human life, humans who act as a role in the formation of civilization produce a masterpiece called culture and local wisdom. This study examines the relationship between the two which is related to the linguistics group. In linguistic studies, there is an approach, namely ethnolinguistics which is used to examine the relationship between language and community culture which produces various meanings of language. Through this approach, the study aims to describe the form of lexicon and toponymy of village names in Mojokerto Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a note-taking technique. The data source used in this study is a book entitled "Jejak Semar di Karang Klethak" by Haris ar-Rachi, et al. The results of the study show that the names of villages in Mojokerto Regency have a historical, mythological background, as well as strong local cultural and natural elements. The naming is closely related to historical figures, community legends, geographical conditions, and the spiritual values of the local community. This proves that village toponymy is not only linguistic, but also reflects local cultural identity which is important to preserve.

This research aims to understand the concept and regulations of Islamic pension funds (dana pensiun syariah) in Indonesia, which impact life in old age based on the Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law). An Islamic pension fund is a pension fund that administers a retirement program based on Sharia principles (DSN-MUI Fatwa Number: 88/DSN-MUI/XI/2013). The management of Islamic pension funds in Indonesia is carried out through investments in Sharia-compliant pension funds that are distributed to participants. This is closely tied to the contractual consequences of the underlying agreement governing the transactional relationship between DPLK (Financial Institution Pension Fund) participants and the Sharia DPLK, which is based on the contract of Wakalah bil Ujrah (agency with fee).This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method to analyze instruments of old-age protection based on Maqasid al-Shariah in the management of pension funds within Islamic financial institutions. The research is rooted in the management of pension funds aligned with the Maqasid al-Shariah, which represent the main objectives of Islamic law—namely, to realize the welfare (maslahah) of humanity in both this world and the hereafter. This pension fund also serves as a form of old-age security designed to provide income certainty for workers after entering retirement.

The high level of turnover intention in frontliner employees is a serious challenge for retail companies, including CV. Premium Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of transactional leadership on turnover intention mediated by organizational commitment. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey techniques on 56 frontliner respondents. The results showed that transactional leadership has a negative influence on turnover intention. This means that the more effective the application of transactional leadership style, the lower the employee's intention to leave the company. In addition, organizational commitment also negatively affects turnover intention and is proven to be able to mediate the relationship between transactional leadership and turnover intention. These findings confirm the important role of leadership and commitment in retaining the workforce, especially in the dynamic and competitive retail sector.

One type of student service needed by IAKN Tarutung is the Community Service and Practice (KPPM), which takes place in the sixth semester and lasts for three months. Through various community experiences and social activities that involve cooperation between students, the community, and the government, this program aims to meet basic needs and improve the welfare and tranquility of the community in Pohan Tonga Village, Siborongborong District. The two main phases of the research methodology are observation at the village head's office and the implementation of health program activities for the elderly every Wednesday. This activity lasts for 120 minutes and is scheduled once a month in the third week. Activities may include worship, counseling, community service, and physical activities. The community is becoming closer and supporting one another through events facilitated by KPPM such as village clean-ups, community service, and other social gatherings. This creates a peaceful village atmosphere and enhances relationships among residents. Village development projects are planned, implemented, and evaluated with community participation encouraged by KPPM. The community actively participates rather than just watching, fostering a sense of pride in the developmental outcomes. The conclusion of this activity is that KPPM investigates and utilizes the existing potential of Pohan Tonga village, including its human and natural resources. This potential can be a key asset for village development with proper management.

Quality health services are key to improving patient satisfaction among National Health Insurance (JKN) participants. This study aims to systematically review various studies that have been conducted in Indonesia related to the level of JKN patient satisfaction with health services at Community Health Centers. The method used is a literature study by selecting relevant articles published in 2023-2025. Inclusion criteria include articles that discuss the relationship between service quality and JKN patient satisfaction. A total of 11 articles that meet the criteria have been analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the dimensions of service quality that most often influence the level of patient satisfaction are reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and tangibles. Most studies also use a quantitative approach with statistical tests such as chi-square and logistic regression to analyze the relationship between variables. However, not all dimensions always significantly affect the assurance dimension in several studies showing inconsistent results. The conclusion of this study is the importance of improving the quality of health services at Community Health Centers to improve JKN patient satisfaction. Health centers must develop patient-focused service strategies by training human resources, improving service systems, and conducting continuous quality evaluations.  

Literature is born from the human desire to express their existence, which is closely related to the relationship between individuals and with the reality of life. A literary work contains specific intentions and purposes set by the author. Therefore, all aspects of a literary work originate from the author, who plays a crucial role in generating creative ideas that are expressed through their writings.In line with technological advancements, literature has also undergone transformation. One of the indicators of this progress is the emergence of intersemiotic transfer or adaptation, namely the process of changing the medium through which a literary work is presented, such as from text to audiovisual or film. In this context, the researcher examines the adaptation process from novel to film as the object of study.The object of this research is the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, which was later adapted into a film by director Baz Luhrmann, released in 2013 under the same title. The novel portrays the life of the American upper class during the 1920s, an era often referred to as the Roaring Twenties.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research aims to describe and analyze social phenomena and activities found in the research object. The data were collected through reading, observing, and note-taking techniques, involving both the novel and the film script. In total, the researcher collected 12 data points from the analysis of the novel and its film adaptation.

Internal communication is one of the important elements in human resource management, playing a role in shaping organizational culture, increasing employee involvement, and supporting overall organizational performance. This article reviews five selected scientific journals that highlight the relationship between internal communication and organizational performance, focusing on employee engagement as an intermediate variable. From the analysis of the five journals, it was found that effective communication has a positive influence on employee loyalty, motivation, and productivity. These studies also highlight the importance of the role of digital technology, communicative leadership, and an open organizational culture in strengthening internal communication.