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The problem of plastic waste has developed into an urgent global environmental crisis, due to the nature of plastic that is difficult to decompose and can persist in the environment for hundreds of years. This study explores pyrolysis as a promising oxygen-free thermal conversion technology to overcome plastic waste by converting it into valuable products such as oil, gas, and char. The main focus of the study is the use of zeolite catalysts in the pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic waste from household waste, with a total mass of 1.5 kg of plastic waste and 200 grams of zeolite catalyst. The catalyst used, natural zeolite from Klaten, Central Java, was heated at a temperature of ±200°C before being used in a pyrolysis reactor at an operating temperature of 450°C for ±4 hours. The results showed that the use of zeolite catalysts reduced the percentage of liquid and solid products, but increased the percentage of gas products. In addition, the use of catalysts tended to reduce the content of medium fractions (C11-C22) and paraffin fractions, while increasing the light fractions (C4-C11) and olefin fractions. These findings indicate the potential of pyrolysis as a sustainable solution to the plastic waste problem with positive impacts on the environment and economy.

Population density on the banks of the Ciliwung River, especially in the Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, continues to experience a significant increase. This study aims to analyze the impact of population density on flood frequency and environmental degradation in the area. The method used is a mixed approach with descriptive-analytical methods, then data is collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the high population density on the banks of the river narrows the water flow and increases the volume of household waste that is directly discharged into the river, thereby exacerbating the risk of flooding and reducing the quality of water and the surrounding environment. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of cooperation between the government, community, and other stakeholders in settlement planning, waste management, and environmental education and monitoring on an ongoing basis as an effort to mitigate flooding and improve the environment in the riverbank area

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the effects of inflation on household consumption in Indonesia. Thus, the focus on the dynamics of people's spending is based on basic needs and non-smoking. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach enhanced by secondary data from macroeconomic literature and primary data in the form of national statistical reports published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). This analysis is carried out based on the concept of Keynes' consumption theory, Friedman's permanent income hypothesis, and Modigliani's life cycle theory. The results show that increasing inflation has a significant impact on lower household consumption. In particular, the low group with moderate sorting shows a large allocation of income for basic needs. Groups with higher incomes through alternative strategies or delayed consumption tend to be more adaptable. These results suggest that price control policies and social security networks are strengthened as an effort to maintain consumption stability in the budget. This summary includes the background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions related to explaining the actual conditions and political impacts of the relationship between Indonesian inflation and household consumption.

Handwashing with soap (HWWS) is one of the simplest, most effective, and cost-efficient behaviors for preventing infectious diseases. However, its practice remains suboptimal at the household level in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze HWWS behavior using community questionnaire data as a basis for developing health promotion strategies through the Problem Solving Cycle (PSC) approach. This descriptive quantitative study was conducted among 50 respondents using a closed-ended questionnaire covering the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions of HWWS. The results showed that although respondents had high awareness and positive attitudes toward HWWS, their practices remained inconsistent due to habitual and infrastructural barriers. These findings highlight the need for integrated interventions combining direct education, social media campaigns, and improved access to handwashing facilities. This study contributes to evidence-based, participatory, and contextually adapted health promotion strategies aimed at achieving sustainable behavioral change.

Domestic violence is a human rights violation that still occurs frequently in Indonesia, despite being regulated in Law No. 23/2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Many victims, especially women, choose to resolve domestic violence cases peacefully due to various factors such as social pressure, economic dependence, and community stigma. This research aims to analyze the factors behind the victim's decision to choose an amicable settlement and evaluate the mechanism from a victimology perspective. The research methodology uses an empirical juridical approach with primary data collection through interviews with victims of domestic violence in Serang City and secondary data from legal documents and related literature. The results show that the decision to reconcile is influenced by the presence of children in the household, economic independence, fear, and family or other people. In addition, efforts that can be made to ensure the prevention of recurrence of domestic violence are with temporary protection regulated in Article 16 of the PKDRT Law. The contribution of this research lies in an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of peaceful settlements in domestic violence cases and victimology-based policy recommendations to improve victim protection. This research also encourages the application of a restorative justice approach that favors the psychosocial needs of victims and the prevention of repeated violence.

In Central Aceh Regency, many households still live in uninhabitable conditions. The government is running a program to rehabilitate habitable houses, but the selection of recipients is still done manually, causing inefficiency and inconsistency. This study implements the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to classify aid recipients automatically and accurately. Using a machine learning approach, data is collected based on variables of structural conditions, building materials, ventilation, lighting, and sanitation. Hyperparameter tuning is performed to optimize model performance. The implementation results show that XGBoost is able to support fair, efficient, and transparent decision making in housing assistance programs.

Islam prescribes marriage as a sacred and fundamental institution in human life, aiming to preserve dignity, lineage, and to build a harmonious (sakinah), loving (mawaddah), and compassionate (rahmah) family. In Islamic teachings, marriage can be conducted either monogamously or polygamously, with specific conditions. In Indonesia, polygamous practices are strictly regulated by various legal provisions, such as Law Number 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law. Nevertheless, polygamy remains a controversial issue in society, often carried out without fulfilling legal requirements, such as through unregistered (sirri) marriages. This phenomenon reflects a legal dualism between religious norms and state regulations. Furthermore, the social construction of polygamy shows that it is not merely a religious or legal issue, but also a product of social, cultural, economic dynamics, and the evolution of modern values. This study aims to explore how social construction shapes the perception and practice of polygamy and its implications for household harmony. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relevance of polygamy in contemporary society and its impact on family structure and child welfare.

Domestic Violence (Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga/KDRT) is a complex social phenomenon that requires continuous legal and social attention. In the context of Indonesia, the protection of domestic violence victims has been regulated under Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, which affirms that victims are entitled to protection, recovery, and legal assistance. However, the implementation of these protections faces several structural and cultural obstacles, such as social stigma against victims, limited human resources, and the influence of patriarchal culture that legitimizes violence within the household. Using normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, this article analyzes the policy framework for the protection of domestic violence victims in Indonesia, as well as the roles of government and non-government institutions in providing such protection. The results of this study show that although the legal protection of domestic violence victims is clearly regulated, its implementation in practice remains suboptimal due to social and structural barriers. Therefore, strong legal policies must be supported by the synergy of law enforcement institutions, social organizations, and community participation to ensure effective and sustainable protection for victims. These findings are expected to contribute to the formulation of future policies that are more responsive to the protection of the rights of domestic violence victims.

This study aims to understand the dynamics of intercultural communication in the adaptation process of interethnic marriages between Javanese and Madurese couples in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The primary focus is on how couples from different cultural backgrounds develop communication patterns and adjust to one another in their household life. This research employs a qualitative approach using a phenomenological design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with three interethnic couples who have been married for more than two years. The findings reveal that communication within interethnic households is adaptive and context-dependent. Indonesian is predominantly used as the main language of interaction, serving as a neutral medium easily understood by both parties, while regional languages are preserved for specific cultural situations. Challenges in communication arise from differences in emotional expression and communication styles, which often lead to misunderstandings, especially during the early stages of marriage. However, couples who engage in open and respectful communication are able to overcome these differences and create a harmonious relationship. Cultural adaptation is also reflected in parenting practices, division of household roles, and interactions with extended families. Support from extended families significantly contributes to the process of cultural acceptance. In conclusion, interethnic marriages between Javanese and Madurese couples represent an ongoing negotiation of values and the formation of a new, inclusive family identity through mutual understanding and culturally respectful communication.

This research uses a qualitative method to evaluate the impact of social assistance programs on poverty alleviation in rural areas. The focus of this study is on how effectively the implementation of social assistance programs can improve the welfare of the rural poor, particularly in terms of economic conditions, social well-being, and quality of life. The findings indicate that social assistance programs have had a positive impact in reducing the economic burden of poor households, improving access to education and healthcare services, and encouraging community empowerment through productive economic activities. However, challenges remain, such as mistargeted beneficiaries, delays in distribution, and lack of supervision in program implementation. Therefore, continuous evaluation and active involvement from all stakeholders, including local governments and rural communities, are needed to ensure the optimal achievement of poverty alleviation goals. This study also recommends improvements in data collection systems and monitoring to ensure that social assistance programs are more effective and sustainable in the future.

This study aims to examine the legal protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property as a result of joint management in a marriage. In many cases, this mixing causes unclear legal status of the assets, especially during divorce or inheritance division. This study uses empirical normative legal methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. This study shows that legal regulations in Indonesia related to the protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property due to joint management in marriage, and highlights the inconsistency of court decisions in such disputes and their impact on household economic stability. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law have distinguished between property brought into marriage and joint property, practice in the field shows that mixing of property due to joint management often causes conflict during divorce. Inconsistency in court decisions arises due to the unclear norms in Article 37 of the Marriage Law which provide room for different interpretations by judges. This has an impact on legal uncertainty and potential injustice, especially for parties who are socially or economically weaker. Mixed property disputes also affect household economic stability, exacerbate social inequality, and cause psychological burdens for family members, including children. This study recommends the need for more detailed regulatory updates, the issuance of technical guidelines by the Supreme Court to unify decision standards, and increased legal education for the community to prevent conflicts through marriage agreements.

This study investigates the impact of household consumption and investment on the open unemployment rate in West Kalimantan over both short and long terms. Using time series data from 1995–2024 and employing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in EViews 12, results show all variables become stationary after first differencing. Johansen cointegration confirms a long-run equilibrium relationship. VECM findings reveal that investment significantly increases unemployment in the long run, while household consumption has no significant effect. In the short term, a significant error correction mechanism exists, indicating adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. Diagnostic tests confirm model validity through absence of autocorrelation and normally distributed residuals. These results highlight the need for more targeted policies to reduce unemployment.

Lake Toba, designated as a National Tourism Strategic Area, faces ecological disruption due to the invasive Red Devil fish (Amphilophus labiatus), which threatens the sustainability of native aquatic species. This study aims to enhance the knowledge of the Tapian Nauli farmer group in Hariara Pohan Village, Samosir Regency, in utilizing the Red Devil fish as Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) and processed food. Methods employed include agricultural extension activities, practical demonstrations, pre-tests and post-tests, and evaluation through questionnaires. Results showed a significant improvement in farmers' knowledge after the extension, with 70% moving from the "poor" to "good" category. The Red Devil fish was successfully processed into LOF through fermentation using molasses, starbio, and pineapple, and into shredded fish (abon) as a food product. Farmers responded positively to the idea of Red Devil abon as a potential household business opportunity, given the fish's abundance and low cost. Evaluation of the extension activities revealed a high level of suitability with an average score of 96.33%, covering material content, delivery methods, and instructional media. This study demonstrates that locally based extension approaches can effectively empower farmers to convert invasive pests into value-added products, while fostering economic opportunities rooted in local resources.

The values of Islamic education are the development of the human mind and the arrangement of behavior and emotions based on Islamic teachings. Thus, Islamic education's values will provide humans with happiness, welfare and human safety both in this world and in the afterlife. According to the Islam viewpoint, everyone must prepare themselves as well as possible to build a relationship based on love and noble values. Physical, mental, and economic preparedness is required; in this situation, in terms of the educational features inherent in Islamic teachings, the objective is to build a secure, pleasant, and tranquil home environment.

Clean water is a basic necessity that not only affects health but also social welfare and environmental sustainability. The aim of this research is to evaluate the level of public awareness in the Tegal Sari Mandala II sub-district regarding the use of clean water for household purposes and to identify the factors that influence public awareness in the utilization of clean water in the Tegal Sari Mandala II village. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive evaluative method. Data in this study were collected through interview techniques, observation, and document studies, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that community awareness in the Tegal Sari Mandala II sub-district is quite good, but the availability of clean water in this area is still limited due to the scheduling of PAM water distribution, which is from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM, making it difficult for residents to meet their clean water needs for household use.  

Marriage is a sacred bond recognized by religion and the state. In the context of religion, marriage has a very important role in the life of a Muslim, including the Spiritual Foundation and Worship, Maintaining Pious and Pious Offspring. Marriage in Islam also aims to produce pious and pious offspring. Religion provides guidance on how to educate children with good religious and moral values. In the context of positive law, the state gives authority to the validity or invalidity of a marriage to each religion.Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings. Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings, and ideas between family members to create harmonious relationships, mutual understanding, and support each other. The Importance of Communication in the Family is very useful for avoiding conflict in the household. The importance of communication in the family is as follows: Building Harmonious Relationships Good communication strengthens the bonds between family members, creating an atmosphere full of love and mutual understanding.

Marriage is a dynamic of life that is felt by everyone. Everyone certainly hopes to have a happy, safe, stable and lifelong marriage, but in reality there are many marriages that fail and end in divorce. Divorce is a form of broken household relationships or marriage relationships that are marked by separation. Strengthening the family through various activities facilitated by the church can be a solution to increase the congregation's knowledge of the true meaning of marriage. With a good understanding of the meaning of marriage itself, divorce cases can be avoided and will not be thought of as a solution to the conflict experienced in the household.

The rise in Value Added Tax (VAT) from 11% to 12%, which was put into effect in January 2025, has elicited a range of reactions from Indonesian households, particularly those in the urban middle class. This research intends to investigate the effects of the VAT change on consumption habits among this group. Information was gathered through a survey conducted with 400 households in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung utilizing a stratified random sampling technique. A quantitative analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that while the overall tax burden on basic consumption did not rise significantly due to various mitigating measures, the public's perception of the VAT hike still resulted in a decline in spending—particularly on non-essential items and services. This result underscores the importance of fiscal perception in influencing household consumption patterns. The study suggests that fiscal transparency, public awareness campaigns, and compensatory policies are essential for preserving middle-class purchasing power during initiatives aimed at enhancing national tax revenue.

Copyright royalties as an economic object in intellectual property are of particular concern in family law, especially when associated with their status as joint property in marriage. This study aims to examine and compare how the Indonesian and Malaysian legal systems regulate the distribution of copyright royalties in the context of divorce. In Indonesia, the concept of joint property is regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974, which was updated by Law Number 16 of 2019, as well as in the Compilation of Islamic Law. Meanwhile, in Malaysia, different Islamic family laws between states provide a basis for the division of joint property, including royalties, by considering the contribution of the spouse. This study uses a normative-comparative approach through literature study and analysis of legal documents. It was found that despite the differences in legal systems, both countries in principle recognize copyright royalties as part of joint property if they meet certain requirements, especially regarding the time of acquisition and the contribution of the spouse. This study emphasizes the importance of the principle of justice in the division of intangible assets in the context of a household.

The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significantly transformed traditional homes into intelligent living environments. This study presents the implementation of a smart home automation system utilizing IoT components to control and monitor household devices remotely. The system integrates NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontrollers, sensors (temperature, motion, light), and actuators (relays for lights, fans, and appliances) which are connected through a Wi-Fi network. A mobile application is developed to enable real-time control and monitoring, enhancing user convenience, energy efficiency, and home security. The system also includes automated scenarios such as turning off lights when no motion is detected or adjusting ventilation based on temperature. Testing results show that the system responds within an average delay of less than 1.5 seconds and maintains stable performance across various network conditions. The findings confirm that IoT-based home automation offers a scalable, cost-effective solution to improve the quality of life and resource management. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and intelligent home systems for modern living.