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State institutions play a primary role in governing and exercising power within a country. Indonesia, as a unitary state with a republican system, regulates the state's institutional structure through the 1945 Constitution, which serves as the supreme legal basis and guideline for state administration. The function of state institutions is to ensure that all aspects of government are implemented in accordance with the principles of law, justice, and public welfare. The state is not only considered a legal entity but also a social entity with specific functions and logic. The state's objectives are directed at balancing government power and citizen rights and accommodating the interests of individuals and the wider community. Following the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia's institutional system underwent significant changes with the establishment of independent institutions that strengthen democracy, transparency, and accountability. Understanding the state's foundations, the requirements for formation, the form and system of government, and the relationships between institutions is crucial for maintaining Indonesia's constitutional order. Furthermore, public respect for state symbols and institutions contributes to strengthening unity and political stability, and realizing the ideals of a sovereign and prosperous nation.

The Great Mosque of Banten is a historical heritage that reflects cultural acculturation and the glory of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago. This study aims to analyze the forms of collaboration between the government, local communities, and site managers in preserving the Great Mosque of Banten using the Collaborative Governance theory by Ansell and Gash (2007). A descriptive qualitative approach was applied through interviews, field observations, and document studies conducted in the Great Mosque area. The findings reveal that collaboration among stakeholders has not yet reached optimal levels due to limited communication, trust gaps, and conflicting interests. Nevertheless, functional cooperation has emerged through joint activities in sanitation, security, and tour guide training. Based on the five indicators of the collaborative process, direct communication (face to face dialogue) and trust building remain major challenges, while shared understanding between government agencies, the foundation, and the community has begun to develop. This study highlights the importance of sustainable collaborative governance in preserving the religious, historical, and social values of the Great Mosque of Banten while supporting the welfare of the surrounding community.  

This study examines Banten Lama as a political symbol that shapes regional identity in Banten Province. As the former center of the Banten Sultanate from the 16th to the 18th century, the site holds not only historical and religious significance but also functions as a symbolic space influencing political legitimacy and the construction of collective identity in contemporary Banten society. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, this research analyzes how local government, political elites, and communities negotiate the symbolic meanings of Banten Lama through ritual practices, public discourse, and revitalization policies. Data were collected through literature review, non-participatory observation, visual documentation, and examination of policy documents. The findings reveal that Banten Lama operates as a symbolic arena that intertwines historical narratives, Islamic spirituality, and political interests. The government employs symbols of the former sultanate to construct moral legitimacy and a religious political image, while local communities interpret Banten Lama as a spiritual space and a source of economic livelihood. Although the use of historical symbols strengthens regional identity, it also gives rise to symbolic politics that often dominate public space without being accompanied by substantive policy outcomes. This study concludes that the governance of Banten Lama requires participatory and culturally grounded approaches to ensure the sustainable preservation of its historical and social values.

Islamic education plays a strategic role in promoting social transformation amid the dynamics of societal change. Islamic education functions not only as a medium for the transmission of knowledge and religious values, but also as an instrument for character building, social awareness, and the strengthening of moral and spiritual values. This article aims to examine the concept of Islamic education and its relevance to the process of social transformation, as well as to analyze the roles and challenges of Islamic education in responding to modern social changes. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach through library research by analyzing relevant literature sources, including books, scholarly journals, and supporting documents. The findings indicate that Islamic education contributes significantly to the development of a moral, just, and socially responsible society. Islamic education serves as an agent of social change through the internalization of ethical values, intellectual development, and balanced spiritual guidance. However, Islamic education also faces various challenges such as globalization, modernization, and cultural change. Therefore, strengthening adaptive and contextual strategies in Islamic education is essential to ensure its continued relevance in fostering positive social transformation.

Social media, initially projected as a democratic discourse space, has instead become trapped in the echo chamber phenomenon, narrowing the intellectual horizons of its users. This research aims to analyze the echo chamber phenomenon on social media through the lens of Max Horkheimer’s critical theory, specifically the concept of the "Eclipse of Reason." The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive with a literature study and philosophical analysis approach. The results indicate that social media algorithms have shifted objective reason into instrumental reason, where truth is measured solely by efficacy and confirmation of personal beliefs. The analysis in this article concludes that social media functions as an "eclipse of reason" machine that stifles the critical reasoning abilities of individuals. This process occurs when reason is no longer used to critically dissect reality but serves merely as a technical tool to adapt to homogeneous information flows. The death of critical reason is not merely a technical byproduct of algorithms but a manifestation of the dominance of formal rationality that sidelines human values in the digital sphere.

This research highlights the important role of the Naqsabandiyah Shafaiyah Tarekat in shaping the character of the worshippers at the Ahlus Shafa Wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School. This order centers on the purification of the soul (tazkiyatun nafs), spiritual discipline, and the strengthening of relationships with Allah and fellow humans. The process of character development is carried out continuously through various routine activities, such as dhikr, wirid reading, recitation, and direct guidance from a mursyid. These activities aim to create a deep religious atmosphere to encourage changes in attitudes and behaviors of worshippers. The results showed that after following the tarekat, the pilgrims experienced a significant increase in spiritual, emotional, and social aspects. They become calmer, more patient, and wiser in dealing with life's problems. In addition, the awareness to live simply and stay away from despicable traits such as arrogance and envy is growing along with the routine of dhikr and self-introspection. In the social context, this tarekat also succeeded in fostering an attitude of care, the spirit of mutual cooperation, and responsibility for the surrounding environment. Thus, the Naqsyabandiyah Shafaiyah Tarekat not only functions as a means to get closer to Allah, but also becomes an effective instrument in shaping the character of the congregation who has noble character and is ready to make a positive contribution to the wider community.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of income and employment opportunities on women's decision to become migrant workers, as well as the impact on the level of family welfare of women migrant workers. The approach used is a quantitative method by utilizing primary data collected through the distribution of questionnaires to female respondents who have worked or are currently working as migrant workers in Kecamatan Utan, Kabupaten Sumbawa Besar. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with the help of SmartPLS software. The research variables were measured using a number of indicators formulated based on the theoretical basis and the results of previous studies. The findings show that income has a positive and significant influence on women's decision to work as migrant workers, with a coefficient of 1.940 and a p-value of 0.000. In contrast, employment opportunities have a negative and significant effect on the decision, with a coefficient of -1.147 and a p-value of 0.000. Furthermore, women's decision to become migrant workers has a positive and significant effect on family welfare, as shown by a coefficient of 0.594 and a p-value of 0.001. However, income does not have a significant direct effect on family welfare, with a p-value of 0.151. Meanwhile, employment opportunities have a positive and significant influence on family welfare, with a coefficient of 0.691 and a p-value of 0.030. These results indicate that women's decision to become migrant workers functions as a mediating variable in efforts to improve family welfare.

In Islamic law, marriage registration is very significant for both legal and religious reasons. It is a crucial part of making sure that both the administrative duties of marriage and the safety of the family are protected. In Islamic law, marriage is not just a social contract but also a religious duty that necessitates adequate documentation to safeguard the rights of both parties involved. This paper seeks to investigate the notion of marriage registration through the lens of Islamic law, analyzing its function in protecting familial rights, providing legal safeguards, and performing administrative responsibilities. The study methodology utilized is a qualitative approach, incorporating a literature review and document analysis of Islamic legal texts and pertinent current legal systems. The results show that registering a marriage in Islamic law is important not just for making the marriage official, but also for getting legal recognition, avoiding conflicts, and making sure that family members, especially women and children, are safe under the law. The registration process also makes it clear what the marriage's legal status is and what it means for things like inheritance, custody, and other family issues. In conclusion, marriage registration is an important part of Islamic law that upholds justice, protects the family, and makes sure that the marriage is legally protected and accountable.

The transformation of political communication in the digital era has fundamentally altered the ways political parties and their affiliated wing organizations interact with party cadres and the broader public. In Indonesia, party wing organizations such as Angkatan Muda Pembaharuan Indonesia (AMPI), Angkatan Muda Partai Golkar (AMPG), and other youth wings increasingly rely on social media as the primary medium for political cadre formation. However, this shift has not only created new opportunities for participation but has also generated structural problems, including the dominance of symbolic communication, the personalization of political elites, and the subordination of ideological discourse to the algorithmic logic of digital platforms. This article aims to critically examine how the digital political communication of party wing organizations operates within the context of Indonesia’s representative democracy, the extent to which it constitutes a deliberative public sphere for young cadres, and how such practices affect the quality of political cadre formation. Employing a critical paradigm and a transdisciplinary qualitative approach, the study integrates Habermas’s theory of the public sphere, Aeron Davis’s evaluation of democratic communication, and the concept of the mediatization of politics. The findings indicate that the digital communication of party wings tends to function primarily as an instrument of symbolic consolidation and loyalty mobilization rather than as an arena for dialogical political education. Consequently, digital cadre formation produces representational identities more than critical political consciousness. This article therefore recommends a reorientation of the digital political communication of party wing organizations toward deliberative and emancipatory models in order to strengthen internal party democracy and promote substantive political regeneration.

Mopotilro Dance is a traditional dance originating from South Bolaang Mongondow Regency that functions as a welcoming dance for guests in customary ceremonies. Academically, this dance has not yet been examined in depth. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the Mopotilro Dance from the perspective of its performance structure, particularly as presented at the anniversary celebration of the Persatuan Relawan Muda Molibagu (PEREDAM) community. The research focuses on several aspects of the dance presentation, including: (1) movement, (2) number of dancers, (3) makeup and costume, (4) musical accompaniment, (5) floor patterns, (6) properties used, and (7) performance space. This study employs a qualitative research method with data collection techniques consisting of observation, interviews, and documentation, which are used to describe the data and draw conclusions. The results indicate that the presentation of the Mopotilro Dance at the PEREDAM anniversary event is not found in other occasions. This condition suggests that public understanding of the Mopotilro Dance as part of local cultural heritage remains limited. The lack of academic studies on the performance structure of the Mopotilro Dance is one of the factors contributing to its rare appearance in various events.

The study aims to measure how human emotional states are affected by music, both in increasing happiness and helping individuals manage sadness, musical characteristics such as tempo, tonality, and lyrics play an important role in shaping listeners' affective responses, where upbeat music with fast tempo and major tonality tends to promote positive moods, while melancholy music with slow tempo and minor tonality is more likely to evoke mood reflective or sad. This study used a pseudo-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design on a group of psychology students of the National University of PASIM, with two songs as a stimulus: "I Love U Bibeh" by The Changcuters and "Jiwa Yang Bersad" by Ghea Indrawati. The measurement instrument was a simple question about the mood of the respondents with a choice of sad or happy. The results showed that the song I Love U Bibeh increased the number of students who reported feeling happy from 30% to 76.7%, while the song Jiwa yang Bersad increased the number of students who reported feelings of sadness from 40% to 63.3%, although some respondents reported catharsis in the form of emotional relief. The discussion emphasized that music has a dual function, namely as a stimulus that is able to change mood as well as a means of regulating emotions through catharsis, with effectiveness that is also influenced by cultural closeness and individual music preferences. The conclusion of this study is that music can be seen as a relevant scientific instrument in supporting students' mental health, strengthening cultural identity, and improving the quality of life, so that the choice of music can be adjusted to emotional needs, both to increase happiness and to help accept and manage sadness.

Polysemy is an important semantic phenomenon in Indonesian language learning in elementary schools because one word form can have more than one interrelated meaning. Understanding polysemy affects students' reading skills, text comprehension, and literacy development. However, studies that specifically examine polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials are still limited. This study aims to examine the forms of polysemy, how they are presented in Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools, and their implications for student understanding. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review design. Data were obtained from semantics books and national and international journal articles published between 2017 and 2024 that were relevant to the research topic. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials appears in the form of context-based, functional, and extended meanings, with a presentation that is not yet fully systematic, thus potentially causing misconceptions and affecting students' reading comprehension.

Polysemy is an important semantic phenomenon in Indonesian language learning in elementary schools because one word form can have more than one interrelated meaning. Understanding polysemy affects students' reading skills, text comprehension, and literacy development. However, studies that specifically examine polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials are still limited. This study aims to examine the forms of polysemy, how they are presented in Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools, and their implications for student understanding. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review design. Data were obtained from semantics books and national and international journal articles published between 2017 and 2024 that were relevant to the research topic. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials appears in the form of context-based, functional, and extended meanings, with a presentation that is not yet fully systematic, thus potentially causing misconceptions and affecting students' reading comprehension.

This study aims to understand the essence and role of the Islamic educational environment according to Hasan Langgulung, and examine its relationship with social media as part of the educational environment in the digital age. This study applies a qualitative approach with a literature study type, sourced from books and scientific articles related to Hasan Langgulung's thoughts, the educational environment, and social media. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, and data analysis used content analysis methods. The research findings indicate that the environment plays an important role in internalizing Islamic values ​​and shaping students' character, while social media has the potential to function as a non-formal educational environment that supports the learning process, the dissemination of Islamic values, and the strengthening of Muslim identity in the digital world. However, social media also presents challenges in the form of the dissemination of inaccurate religious information and the potential for moral degradation. Therefore, the integration of the concept of the Islamic educational environment with social media requires targeted management and the active role of educators and families so that social media remains within the corridor of Islamic educational values ​​and supports the achievement of Islamic educational goals.

This study aims to analyse the role of the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency in improving the quality of inter-city bus transportation services within the province (AKDP) based on Soekanto's role theory (in Solahudin et al, 2022), which is reviewed using three indicators: regulatory role, service role, and supervisory role. The research employed a qualitative research method with techniques of interviews, observation, and documentation of the Transportation Agency, Organda, PO owners, drivers and conductors, as well as passengers at Bungurasih Terminal. The results of the study show that in terms of regulation, the Transportation Agency has established tariff policies and Minimum Service Standards (SPM), but these have not functioned optimally as operational guidelines, as reflected in the low transparency of tariff information and the varying quality of the fleet. In terms of service, although safety inspection procedures and service facilities are available, the quality of safety, comfort, terminal facilities, as well as access to information and complaint mechanisms have not been consistently felt by users. In terms of supervision, tariff compliance control and SPM implementation remain weak and tend to be tolerant of irregularities. The main findings indicate a serious gap between normative standards and field practices, resulting in standards losing their coercive power as quality guarantors. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening the enforcement of standards in a firm and consistent manner, increasing the transparency of service and tariff information, and conducting supervision that is oriented towards tangible results for the community.

This study analyzes the stage identity practices of the dangdut music group Sri Mules as a  cultural branding strategy in Pantura dangdut performances. In contrast to common dangdut performance patterns that position the singer as the primary visual focus, Sri Mules adopts a performative approach that foregrounds accompanying musicians as the main visual actors through the use of unconventional costumes and collective stage actions. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study strategy, this research draws on visual documentation of performances circulated on social media during the group’s active phase (2020–2021), complemented by semi-structured interviews and reflective observations. Data were analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman, informed by performance theory (Schechner) and the concept of cultural branding (Holt). The findings indicate that Sri Mules’ stage identity is constructed and reproduced through consistent visual deviation and collective performativity, functioning as a strategy of symbolic differentiation in the Pantura dangdut performance landscape. This study highlights the role of accompanying musicians as active agents in shaping the visual identity of dangdut performances.

This study is motivated by the position of traditional music as a cultural element that not only functions aesthetically but also plays an important role in constructing social meaning, symbolism, and collective identity within a community. This article aims to examine the social meaning and function of Tagonggong music in the Tulude tradition of the Sangihe community in Londoun Village as a diaspora community. The research uses a qualitative method with a cultural ethnographic approach through participatory observation, unstructured interviews with traditional elders, Tagonggong players, and community leaders, as well as documentation. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and interpretatively using Alan P. Merriam's theoretical framework on the function of music. The results of the study show that Tagonggong music has a multidimensional function in the Tulude tradition, including symbolic communication, emotional expression, representation of cultural identity, reinforcement of social norms, and social integration and cohesion within the community.Tagonggong not only functions as an accompaniment to ceremonies, but also as a sacred musical instrument that connects the relationship between humans, ancestors, and God, while also marking the space and time of the ceremony. This finding confirms that Tagonggong is a living cultural archive that preserves the collective memory and ethnic identity of the Sangihe community in exile. Implicitly, this research enriches Indonesian ethnomusicology studies by positioning traditional music as an active social text in maintaining the cultural structure and solidarity of the communities that support it.

The Andun Offering Dance is an important tradition in the traditional wedding ceremony of the Serawai people in South Bengkulu. It contains the main cultural symbol, Sekapur Sirih, which not only functions as a ritual complement but also has a philosophical meaning that represents the noble values ​​of the local community. This study aims to uncover the symbolic meaning of Sekapur Sirih in the Andun Offering Dance and explain the request to strengthen social relations between families united through the traditional wedding procession. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach through literature studies, observations, and interviews with traditional leaders of South Bengkulu. The results show that Sekapur Sirih contains values ​​of respect, welcome, purity, harmony, and prayer for the bride and groom. In addition, the existence of Sekapur Sirih functions as a cultural communication medium that maintains the identity of the Serawai people amidst social change. These findings preserve the importance of preserving traditional symbols in traditional ceremonies as an effort to maintain the continuity of local culture.

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to control blood glucose levels and improve digestive health. These benefits are closely associated with its bioactive metabolite content. This article aims to characterize the bioactive metabolites of bitter melon and to review their potential bioactivity in glycemic control and digestive function. The method employed includes a literature-based characterization of metabolites, identification of major classes of active compounds, and evaluation of analytical techniques commonly applied in natural product research, such as phytochemical screening, chromatography, and spectroscopic analysis. The results indicate that bitter melon contains various bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, and polyphenols, which contribute to blood glucose reduction by enhancing insulin sensitivity and inhibiting glucose absorption. Furthermore, these compounds support digestive health by improving digestive enzyme activity, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects, and maintaining gut microbial balance. In conclusion, bitter melon represents a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with significant potential for application in health and pharmaceutical development.

The main problem in Longko Village is the low utilization of coconut husk waste due to limited community knowledge and processing skills, resulting in the waste being discarded or burned without economic value. This Community Service Program aimed to empower the community through innovative processing of coconut husk into environmentally friendly and marketable broom products. The program employed a participatory approach consisting of observation, socialization, technical training, mentoring, and evaluation, involving six participants from farming households and housewives. Evaluation was conducted by assessing participants’ skills and the quality of the products produced. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ technical competencies, as indicated by an increase in knowledge from 30% to 90% and practical skills from 25% to 80%. Most participants were able to independently produce at least one coconut husk broom with acceptable functional quality. Furthermore, the program enhanced participants’ understanding of the economic potential of coconut husk and created opportunities for sustainable household-based enterprises utilizing local resources.