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Smartphone addiction refers to excessive smartphone use that can have physical and psychological impacts. The purpose of this study was to provide psychoeducation to increase knowledge about self-management in an effort to reduce smartphone addiction. This study used a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest-posttest design on 32 students. Data collection used the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version questionnaire and additional questionnaires developed by the researcher. The results of the paired sample t-test showed an increase in scores after the psychoeducational intervention (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that psychoeducation can be used as an effective approach to preventing and reducing smartphone addiction in adolescents. These findings can provide new insights into the importance of preventing smartphone addiction through psychological and educational approaches that can be applied in the context of adolescent education and health. This study makes an important contribution to the prevention and management of smartphone addiction, with implications for the development of psychoeducational programs that can be implemented in educational and health settings to support adolescent well-being.

Background: Sleep disorders in adolescents are a significant health problem, with a global prevalence reaching 57.8% and particularly high rates in several cities in Indonesia. Poor sleep quality negatively impacts physical health, such as the risk of cardiovascular disease and anemia, as well as mental and cognitive health. Sleep behavior is influenced by a dynamic interaction between personal and environmental factors, as explained in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Research Objective: To identify the determinants of sleep deprivation in adolescents, specifically individual and environmental factors, based on a Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) perspective through a literature review from 2019 to 2025. Method: This study utilized a literature review. To obtain research data, the authors searched for scientific articles through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, then analyzed 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria, published between 2020 and 2025. Results: Factors significantly associated with adolescent sleep quality were identified, with individual factors being the most dominant determinant (found in 7 studies), including academic stress and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, a positive association was found with environmental factors (found in 4 studies), such as bright lighting, noise, and uncomfortable room temperature. Conclusion: Within the framework of Social Cognitive Theory, adolescent sleep quality is the result of a reciprocal interaction between personal factors (perceived stress and self-control over gadgets), the physical environment, and sleep behavior. Individual factors such as stress and nighttime gadget use reduce self-efficacy for regular sleep, which is exacerbated by an unfavorable environment.

The rapid development of smartphone technology today creates challenges for consumers and manufacturers in determining an objective price range based on highly varied technical specifications. This study aims to implement the Random Forest algorithm in classifying smartphone price ranges into four main categories, namely low, mid-range, high, and flagship. The research method was carried out systematically through the stages of loading a dataset of 2,000 entries, exploratory data analysis (EDA) to ensure data integrity, and model training with a training and testing data split of 80:20. The results showed that the Random Forest model achieved a significant overall accuracy rate of 89%. Based on feature importance analysis, it was found that RAM capacity was the most dominant determining factor, contributing 47% to prediction accuracy, followed by battery power and screen resolution as supporting features. These findings have strategic implications for manufacturers to prioritize memory capacity upgrades in determining product pricing in the market, as well as providing guidance for consumers in assessing the fairness of a device's price based on its technical capabilities.

Private vehicles are a frequently used mode of transportation because they are considered more practical. However, using private vehicles carries several risks, such as traffic accidents due to drivers losing focus on the road due to other activities, such as making calls on smartphones, drinking, or operating the radio. Approximately 90% of accidents are caused by human error. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of neural network commonly used on image data. CNN is often used for image classification due to its high performance and accuracy. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the performance of CNN for the classification of distracted driving activities. The results show that the CNN model is able to effectively classify images of distracted driving activities, with an accuracy of approximately 99% across all datasets and across all input image size variations. Furthermore, the results of this study also show that differences in right-hand and left-hand drive datasets do not significantly affect model accuracy. Variations in input image size also do not significantly affect model accuracy, but do affect the training duration.

The patent dispute between Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. is one of the largest Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) conflicts in the modern technology industry. This case began in 2007, when Apple launched the first-generation iPhone, revolutionizing the smartphone market with its minimalist design, full-touch screen, and intuitive interface. The success of the iPhone opened new markets and positioned Apple as an innovation leader. Samsung, as the largest electronics manufacturer in Asia, then produced the Android-based Samsung Galaxy smartphone, which quickly became the iPhone's main competitor. This business competition then turned into a legal dispute when Apple considered Samsung's products too similar to its products. This case involves claims of infringement of design patents and utility patents filed in various jurisdictions such as the United States, South Korea, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom. This article uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and case approach. The analysis shows that the patent dispute between Apple and Samsung cannot be resolved through a single international forum due to the territorial nature of the patent system. Therefore, litigation takes place in several countries and results in varying decisions.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a sudden and unexpected death in infants that is often associated with the prone sleeping position. This study aims to develop an automated monitoring system capable of detecting SIDS risk factors using the YOLOv8 algorithm and to analyze the effect of data augmentation on model performance. The dataset consists of two classes, baby-lying-on-back (supine) and baby-lying-on-stomach (prone), which were processed through model training and evaluation using precision, recall, F1-score, and mAP metrics. The model was trained under two scenarios, without data augmentation and with data augmentation. The results show that the model without augmentation achieved a precision of 90%, recall of 85%, F1-score of 86%, and mAP50 of 93.7%. After applying augmentation, performance improved to a precision of 90%, recall of 87%, F1-score of 88%, and mAP50 of 95.1%. These findings indicate that augmentation increases detection accuracy and enhances model generalization, including robustness against variations in lighting and camera angles. Furthermore, testing with image and video inputs revealed that the non-augmented model exhibited a tendency toward overfitting, particularly in favor of the baby-lying-on-stomach, whereas the augmented model successfully classified both classes accurately. The developed system is also equipped with an alarm feature and early-warning notifications via Telegram to smartphone when a prone position is detected for a certain duration. Overall, the results demonstrate that YOLOv8 with data augmentation is effective for an automated, non-invasive monitoring system for infants, making it suitable for detecting and preventing potential SIDS risk factors.

The rapid growth of social media in Indonesia has transformed marketing communication strategies, particularly in producing creative promotional content. Instagram Reels has emerged as an effective platform for building brand awareness through short and engaging videos. This study was conducted during an internship at PT Waskita Fim Perkasa Realti and focuses on the production process of Instagram Reels content for Vasaka Solterra. The first objective is to examine the workflow of promotional video production across three stages, pre-production, production, and post-production. The second objective is to identify challenges faced by the Marketing Communication Division. Using qualitative methods, including observation, interviews, participation, and literature review. This study found that pre-production involves idea development, content research, and storyboard creation. The production stage includes smartphone-based video shooting and voice-over recording to ensure message clarity. Post-production centers on editing using CapCut and applying a consistent visual identity before publication. The study also identifies several obstacles, such as limited human resources, minimal equipment availability, and coordination delays with external partners. These findings highlight the need for increased production personnel, improved interdepartmental collaboration, and enhanced equipment support to optimize the overall content production process.

Drug abuse (Narcotics, Psychotropics, and other Addictive Substances) is a serious problem that can threaten the younger generation, especially in the Panggung Kidul Village area. The lack of public understanding, especially teenagers, regarding the dangers and negative impacts of drug abuse is one of the factors that influence the high risk of substance abuse. Therefore, innovative and interactive educational media are needed to increase public awareness and understanding regarding the prevention of drug abuse. This study offers a solution by designing and developing educational media based on Augmented Reality (AR) technology as a visual and interactive tool that conveys information in an interesting and easy-to-understand manner. The use of smartphones as the main device in AR applications makes this media more easily accessible to various groups of people. The test results using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method showed a user satisfaction level of 96% which is included in the Acceptable category. Thus, this AR-based educational media is expected to be an effective means of increasing public understanding of the dangers of drug abuse and encouraging early preventive efforts.

This study aims to examine how Generation Z in Sukoharjo Regency makes iPhone purchases based on their impressions of the brand and product quality. Generation Z is known to be highly tech-savvy, analytical, and selective in purchasing goods, especially mobile phones. With rapid technological advancements and intense competition among smartphone brands, it is crucial for companies to understand what aspects influence young consumers' purchasing decisions. We used a quantitative approach based on survey data obtained from 30 individuals who are current iPhone users or are considering purchasing one.The decision to buy is the dependent variable in this study, whereas product quality and brand perception are the independent variables. This data analysis examines whether these two separate factors influence customer purchasing decisions. According to the study, Generation Z purchases iPhones based on brand and product quality. Based on these findings, attracting young consumers as buyers depends on positive brand perceptions and high-quality product offerings. Marketing academics, especially those specializing in consumer behavior, can benefit from the theoretical contributions of this study, while business owners and marketers can use the practical implications of this research to better target Generation Z in the digital age. Gen Z's smartphone purchases are heavily influenced by brand image and quality.

This Community Service (PkM) program was conducted in Kaligentong Village, Gladagsari, Boyolali, Central Java, aiming to enhance the competitiveness of local superior products through the implementation of digital marketing strategies for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The main problem faced by the partners was their limited ability to utilize social media and online marketplaces for effective product marketing. The program employed a two-day training approach, including product photography and videography using smartphones, promotional content writing (copywriting), and online store creation on e-commerce platforms, followed by hands-on mentoring and evaluation. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills in managing digital business accounts, producing engaging photo and video content, and utilizing marketplaces to expand their market reach. More than 80% of participants successfully created new business accounts and actively promoted their products online. This activity had a positive impact on improving digital literacy and local product marketing while strengthening the collaboration between higher education institutions and the community in developing the village economy.

The rapid development of communication technology has driven high demand for smartphones, including among students. Based on this, this study was formulated to answer the question: "Does brand image influence OPPO smartphone purchasing decisions among students in the Sharia Business Management Study Program at STAIN Mandailing Natal?". This study aims to analyze and measure the extent of brand image's influence on purchasing decisions. This study used a quantitative approach with a questionnaire method of 75 student respondents from the 2021-2024 intake. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, and a Likert-type questionnaire. The primary theories used were brand image theory and purchasing decision theory. Data analysis techniques used included validity, reliability, normality, heteroscedasticity, simple linear regression analysis, partial t-test, coefficient of determination (R²), and correlation tests, all using SPSS version 25.The results showed that brand image had a positive and significant effect on OPPO smartphone purchasing decisions among college students, with a calculated t value > t table (17.504 > 1.666). This means that the more favorable students' perceptions of OPPO's brand image, the higher their likelihood of purchasing the product.

The transition toward Society 5.0 demands a workforce capable of integrating technological proficiency with strong human-centered soft skills. This community engagement program aims to enhance the digital mindset and soft skills of PKK women in Boja District, Kendal Regency through a structured mentoring model rooted in human-centered learning principles. Using a needs assessment, experiential training sessions, and group mentoring, the program focused on increasing participants’ abilities in digital literacy, communication, collaboration, creativity, and community-based leadership. The mentoring activities revealed significant improvements in participants’ understanding of basic digital functions, such as the use of smartphones for communication, information access, and household economic opportunities. Engagement in interactive sessions—such as role play, guided discussions, and problem-solving simulations—strengthened participants’ confidence, interpersonal communication, and teamwork skills. Furthermore, several participants demonstrated emerging leadership abilities, particularly in facilitating peer learning and supporting other members during digital practice activities. These findings align with recent literature emphasizing the effectiveness of contextual digital training and experiential adult learning in promoting behavioral change and improving community readiness for technological transformation. Overall, the program successfully enhanced the participants’ readiness to face the challenges of Society 5.0 by fostering digital mindset growth, essential soft skills development, and strengthened leadership capacity. The results indicate that human-centered mentoring can serve as a sustainable approach to empowering local communities and improving their competitiveness in the digital era.  

The transition toward Society 5.0 demands a workforce capable of integrating technological proficiency with strong human-centered soft skills. This community engagement program aims to enhance the digital mindset and soft skills of PKK women in Boja District, Kendal Regency through a structured mentoring model rooted in human-centered learning principles. Using a needs assessment, experiential training sessions, and group mentoring, the program focused on increasing participants’ abilities in digital literacy, communication, collaboration, creativity, and community-based leadership. The mentoring activities revealed significant improvements in participants’ understanding of basic digital functions, such as the use of smartphones for communication, information access, and household economic opportunities. Engagement in interactive sessions—such as role play, guided discussions, and problem-solving simulations—strengthened participants’ confidence, interpersonal communication, and teamwork skills. Furthermore, several participants demonstrated emerging leadership abilities, particularly in facilitating peer learning and supporting other members during digital practice activities. These findings align with recent literature emphasizing the effectiveness of contextual digital training and experiential adult learning in promoting behavioral change and improving community readiness for technological transformation. Overall, the program successfully enhanced the participants’ readiness to face the challenges of Society 5.0 by fostering digital mindset growth, essential soft skills development, and strengthened leadership capacity. The results indicate that human-centered mentoring can serve as a sustainable approach to empowering local communities and improving their competitiveness in the digital era.  

The development of digital technology has driven major changes in global marketing strategies, particularly in the luxury smartphone industry, where competition is not only based on technological features but also on brand image and exclusivity. This study aims to systematically analyse various digital marketing strategies implemented by luxury smartphone brands using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. In this study, researchers identified, evaluated, and synthesised 70 related articles, which were filtered into 15 main articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria between 2020 and 2025. The analysis results indicate that digital marketing strategies such as influencer marketing, search engine optimisation (SEO), visual content on social media, and the use of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technology have proven effective in increasing brand awareness, customer loyalty, and sales conversions. However, the research also reveals the main challenges faced by companies in maintaining exclusivity and premium experiences through digital channels that are mass-market and open in nature. The study recommends that luxury smartphone brands integrate data-driven personalisation approaches and build strong, authentic brand narratives across various digital platforms to maintain their competitive position in the premium segment. The practical implications of this research can serve as a reference for marketers and decision-makers.

The rapid advancement of smartphone technology has shaped consumer buying behavior, especially among students who depend on these devices for learning and social interaction. This research examines how product features and price perceptions influence students’ decisions to purchase Oppo smartphones in Malang City. Using a quantitative research design, data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 428 respondents and processed using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that both product features and perceived price positively and significantly affect purchasing decisions, with product features demonstrating a more dominant role. The proposed model accounts for 66.2% of the variance in purchase decisions, suggesting that these two factors play a substantial part in shaping consumer choices. The results highlight the need for manufacturers like Oppo to focus on continuous feature improvements and maintain competitive pricing to strengthen market appeal. It is also suggested that future studies integrate additional variables such as brand image, marketing promotions, or user experience to offer a broader and more in-depth explanation of the determinants influencing smartphone purchase behavior.

This study explores the implementation of an electronic Human Resource Management System (e-SDM) in the Gubeng sub-district of Surabaya to optimize civil servant (PNS) leave management. The primary focus is on assessing how digitalization improves efficiency, transparency, accountability, and service quality in human resource administration, particularly in leave processing. Traditionally, manual procedures required 7-14 days to approve leave requests, involved multiple steps, manual calculations, and were prone to errors, delays, and lack of transparency. The introduction of the e-SDM system significantly reduces processing time to approximately one day, enabling online submission, real-time monitoring, and electronic approval accessible anytime and anywhere via smartphones. The system automatically calculates leaves balances and prevents over-application, ensuring data accuracy and reducing misuse. Besides operational efficiency, the system enhances transparency by providing accessible real-time status updates, creating an audit trail for each decision, and making the process auditable and accountable. Despite these advantages, challenges such as user resistance, digital literacy, infrastructure issues, and system integration remain. This research employs descriptive-analytical methods, combining interviews, observations, and documentation, to analyze the effectiveness of e-SDM implementation. The findings indicate that digitalization has streamlined leave management, minimized administrative burdens, and improved data accuracy. Moreover, it fosters a fairer and more transparent work environment, reinforcing good governance principles and supporting Surabaya's vision to become a smart city. The research underscores the importance of technological adaptation within bureaucratic reforms and offers strategic recommendations for further system improvements. Overall, the successful adoption of e-SDM in Gubeng serves as a model for digital transformation in public service delivery, contributing to more efficient, transparent, and accountable governance in local government institutions.

Rapid technological advancements have encouraged smartphone sellers to emphasize good product quality to meet customer needs in order to achieve customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. A positive brand image and good perceived value are important factors in building customer satisfaction, which ultimately impacts repurchase intentions. This study aims to examine the influence of product quality, brand image, and perceived value on customer satisfaction and thus increasing repurchase intentions. The study was conducted in Jakarta with a descriptive causality design through a quantitative approach and purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from 131 respondents who have used an iPhone. The conceptual model analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling method. The results show that product quality, brand image, and perceived value significantly increase customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has been shown to encourage repurchase intentions. In addition, product quality, brand image, and perceived value each have a positive influence on repurchase intentions through the mediation of customer satisfaction. Thus, all hypotheses of this study are proven to have a positive influence. The contribution of this research is expected to provide understanding for producers in developing their business, as well as being a reference for developing marketing strategies that emphasize improving product quality, building a strong brand image, managing value perceptions, and increasing customer satisfaction in order to attract consumer interest in repeating the same product.

Waste management remains a major challenge, particularly due to the lack of public awareness and habits in sorting waste from its source. Innovative technology-based solutions are needed to support more effective waste management systems. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart trash bin capable of automatically sorting metal and non-metal waste. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, an LJ12A3-4-Z/BY sensor to detect metal materials, an E18 sensor to detect non-metal materials, and an ultrasonic sensor to monitor bin capacity. The waste separation mechanism is operated by a servo motor controlled by the system, while the Blynk application is integrated for real-time monitoring and full-capacity notifications sent directly to the user’s smartphone. The research stages included hardware design, microcontroller programming, IoT platform integration, and functionality testing to ensure system performance and reliability. The results showed that the smart trash bin operated as expected, successfully identifying and separating metal and non-metal waste automatically, while also sending real-time notifications to the user when the bin approached full capacity. The implementation of this technology has the potential to modernize waste management processes, improve the efficiency of waste sorting, and reduce dependency on manual labor. Furthermore, this research opens opportunities for future development by integrating additional sensors and cloud-based data management systems to support smart city initiatives and sustainable waste management practices.

The emergence of smartphone technology has brought significant changes to the world of education while simultaneously creating new challenges for teachers. This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges teachers face in the learning process following the widespread use of smartphones by students. The method used was a literature review, examining various sources on digital learning, student behavior, and the impact of technology on the educational process. The results indicate that teachers face various challenges, including student concentration disruptions due to entertainment content, over-reliance on technology, student access to age-inappropriate content, lack of parental supervision, unequal access to devices, and the emergence of digital ethics issues such as social media misuse and cyberbullying. These conditions require teachers to have stronger digital competencies, adaptive classroom management skills, and pedagogical strategies that balance technology use with character building and healthy digital discipline. To address these challenges, four main strategies can be implemented: enhancing digital competence, integrating character values in technology use, innovating learning methods, and building collaboration among teachers in designing digital learning.

Learning Hajj rituals requires innovation to overcome the limitations of available media, one of which is through the utilization of the integration of the Android platform with Augmented Reality technology. The Muslim Sadiq application on smartphones displays 3D objects related to the practice of Hajj rituals. This study aims to explain the design of interactive media based on Augmented Reality as an innovation in learning Hajj rituals, expected to improve student understanding through a more visual, interactive, and contextual learning experience. This media design method adopts two stages of the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), namely the needs analysis and media design stages. This study reveals that learning Hajj rituals requires interactive and applicable media to overcome the gap between theoretical understanding and the practice of Hajj worship in real life. The designed media utilizes AR technology to create a simulation of Hajj implementation and supports experience-based learning. Although the design has considered technical and pedagogical aspects, this media is still in the design stage and has not been tested or implemented directly. Therefore, further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of this media in learning Hajj rituals.