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Research at Diponegoro University found that 66.7% of 63 respondents experienced neck pain due to using a laptop for more than 4 hours. Prolonged laptop use can negatively impact health from an ergonomic perspective, as the recommended maximum usage is 2 hours per day. However, students often maintain non-ergonomic positions for extended periods. This study aimed to determine the relationship between laptop use and neck pain among Diploma Three Nursing Students at Abulyatama University, Aceh. The research utilized an analytical, cross-sectional design, with a population of 556 students and a sample of 85 students, selected through purposive random sampling. The research was conducted at Abulyatama University from May 15 to June 2, 2025, and data was collected using a questionnaire with a Numeric Rating Scale. Analysis involved both univariate and bivariate methods using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that among 85 respondents, 44 (95.7%) experienced moderate pain, 8 (40.0%) had mild pain, and 8 (42.1%) reported severe pain. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation (p=0.000) between laptop use and neck pain. In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between laptop use and complaints of neck pain among university students. The research is expected to raise student awareness about the health risks associated with prolonged and improper laptop use, encourage better posture, and serve as a reference about limiting laptop use and improving ergonomics.

Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants are among the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. This condition results from the immaturity of organ systems, including thermoregulation, making infants vulnerable to hypothermia. One non-pharmacological intervention to maintain body temperature stability is the nesting technique, which positions the baby in a flexed posture similar to the intrauterine condition using soft rolled cloths as a “nest.” This case study aimed to determine the effect of nesting on body temperature changes in LBW infants in the perinatology room of RSUD Batang. The study used a descriptive case study with a nursing process approach involving five LBW infants (<2500 g, spontaneous breathing). The intervention involved applying nesting for 30 minutes daily over three consecutive days. Body temperature was measured before and after the intervention using a digital thermometer. The results showed an increase in body temperature in all subjects. The average temperature before intervention was 35.9°C and increased to 36.6°C after three days of nesting therapy. This indicates that nesting effectively helps maintain body temperature stability in LBW infants by providing comfort, reducing stress, and conserving body energy. In conclusion, nesting is an effective evidence-based nursing intervention for improving body temperature in LBW infants and is recommended for perinatology care settings.

A safe and healthy environment is crucial to minimizing accidents and occupational diseases, and this is where Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) comes in. Workers in the informal sector, such as online drivers, are more likely to experience musculoskeletal problems, especially low back pain (LBP), because they frequently lack proper occupational protection and health services. LBP is a complaint of lower back pain that can be brought on by extended periods of static sitting, bad posture, and personal characteristics like body mass index, smoking, and length of service. The purpose of this program is to educate online drivers in Malang City, East Java, and help them avoid LBP. The risk of LBP can be decreased in part by promoting physical activity and education. One recommended intervention is the William Flexion Exercise (WFE), an exercise aimed at improving posture, increasing muscle strength and flexibility, and reducing lower back pain. Implementing WFE education and training for online car drivers is anticipated to strengthen OHS awareness and reduce the incidence of LBP among informal sector workers.

Pregnancy is frequently associated with discomforts such as back pain, edema, and postural changes that may interfere with daily activities. Approximately 50–70% of pregnant women experience back pain due to hormonal changes and increased body weight. The use of a Birth Ball is considered one of the non-pharmacological alternatives to alleviate these complaints, as it improves pelvic muscle flexibility and supports postural correction. Proper education is essential to ensure appropriate and effective utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of education using lecture and demonstration methods on the understanding of Birth Ball use among pregnant women. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach was applied. The sample consisted of 28 third-trimester pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Findings revealed that the respondents’ understanding prior to education was 0%, which significantly increased to 96.43% following the intervention. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded Z = -4.873 with p < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between pre- and post-education. It can be concluded that education delivered through lecture and demonstration methods is effective in enhancing pregnant women’s understanding of Birth Ball use.

Acute pain is a common complaint following surgery in patients with femur fractures and can hinder recovery if not managed effectively. This study aimed to describe the application of Benson’s relaxation therapy in reducing pain after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) for femur fracture. A nursing care case study was conducted on Mrs. S, an 82-year-old woman, in the Central Operating Theatre of Labuang Baji General Hospital, Makassar. Assessment was performed in the post-anesthesia care unit, followed by the identification of the nursing diagnosis Acute Pain (D.0077), intervention using Benson’s relaxation therapy combined with collaborative pharmacological analgesia (ketorolac), implementation, and one-hour evaluation. Results showed a reduction in pain intensity from a score of 6 to 4 on the Numeric Rating Scale, a change in pain pattern from continuous to intermittent, and improved vital signs along with decreased behavioral indicators of pain (grimacing, restlessness, and protective posture). These findings indicate that Benson’s relaxation therapy is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing acute postoperative pain, consistent with theoretical evidence that this technique reduces pain perception through muscle relaxation, deep breathing, and reinforcement of spiritual beliefs.

Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) menghadapi berbagai hambatan perkembangan, baik secara fisik, kognitif, sosial, maupun emosional, sehingga memerlukan layanan khusus. Salah satu masalah utama yang dialami adalah rendahnya keseimbangan akibat hipotonia, kelemahan otot, gangguan postural, serta keterbatasan sistem sensorimotor, yang berimplikasi pada risiko jatuh dan keterlambatan motorik. Selain itu, anak DS juga cenderung mengalami hambatan dalam sosialisasi yang berdampak pada rendahnya rasa percaya diri. Penelitian dan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di SLB D1 Surakarta ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri melalui intervensi menari di atas landasan dengan berbagai tekstur permukaan serta pemberian buku cerita interaktif. Metode yang digunakan meliputi baseline assessment, sosialisasi, latihan motorik, serta evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test terhadap pengetahuan guru pendamping dan orang tua. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada pemahaman orang tua dan guru mengenai pentingnya keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri, dengan capaian pengetahuan baik meningkat dari 57,9% menjadi 89,5%. Selain itu, anak menunjukkan keterlibatan aktif dalam latihan yang menyenangkan, yang diyakini dapat memperbaiki kontrol postural sekaligus memupuk rasa percaya diri melalui pengalaman positif. Dengan demikian, kegiatan menari dan membaca buku cerita bergambar dapat menjadi strategi komplementer yang efektif untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang anak DS secara holistik.

The increasing integration and digitization of smart grid systems have exposed them to a variety of security threats, necessitating robust security measures to ensure their reliability and efficiency. This paper proposes a novel Digital Twin-Based Cyber-Physical Security Framework, incorporating AI-driven predictive maintenance and zero-trust architecture to address the evolving challenges of securing smart grids. By leveraging digital twin technology, this framework creates a real-time virtual representation of physical systems, enabling continuous monitoring and simulation for enhanced security and operational performance. Zero-trust security principles are integrated to ensure that no entity, whether inside or outside the network, is trusted by default, thus significantly reducing the risk of cyber-attacks. Additionally, AI-driven predictive maintenance enhances the framework’s reliability by proactively identifying potential failures before they occur, reducing downtime and improving system resilience. Through the development and simulation of this framework, including attack and failure scenarios, the paper demonstrates that the proposed system outperforms traditional methods in terms of anomaly detection, system downtime, and response times. The integration of predictive maintenance allows for early identification of component failures, thus enhancing the overall resilience of the grid. The zero-trust architecture further strengthens the cybersecurity posture, preventing unauthorized access and attacks. The study also identifies challenges, such as data synchronization and scalability, which must be addressed for broader implementation in large-scale smart grid systems. The findings suggest that the proposed framework could play a critical role in the future evolution of smart grid security, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.  

The Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) methodology is a qualitative risk analysis technique commonly used to detect potential work hazards. CV. Suryadi Sentosa, also known as Bapak Suryadi's Home Tempe Industry, is a home-based business that produces tempeh. Almost all of the production procedures are still carried out manually, and occupational accident analysis measures have not been implemented. The factory conditions indicate inadequate lighting and ventilation, as well as relatively slippery floors. It is also observed that the industry workers do not pay much attention to their posture, and they do not use personal protective equipment (PPE). This research was conducted directly at the CV. Suryadi Sentosa Tempe Factory, using interviews and observations of seven workers involved in the production process. The steps taken in this study are compiling the sequence of the production process. By using a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) worksheet, identify potential risks, conduct risk control analysis, monitor and evaluate, implement improvements, and draw conclusions. The analysis found 9 stages of tempeh production at Mr. Suryadi's facility. Several improvements are needed, including involving several workers to handle soybean processing, creating ventilation to provide good and healthy air circulation for workers, adding lighting as a light source so that workers can perform their tasks comfortably, and using ergonomic chairs and work tables to prevent fatigue and increase factory productivity.

Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a problem that is often experienced by pregnant women and is complex because it involves not only physical changes, but also psychological aspects. Changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and shifting of the center of gravity due to uterine enlargement are the main factors that trigger pain complaints, especially in the lower back area. This condition can have a negative impact on the quality of life of pregnant women, interfere with daily activities, and even worsen emotional states due to the emergence of anxiety, fear, and stress if not managed properly. Treatment of back pain in pregnant women can be done through safe non-pharmacological methods, one of which is prenatal yoga. Yoga practice for pregnant women has been proven to provide benefits in the form of relaxation, posture improvement, and increased muscle elasticity. One of the effective movements is the Angry Cat Pose because it is able to stretch the back muscles, improve blood circulation, and reduce pressure on the lower spine. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect  of Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 31 pregnant women in the third trimester with complaints of back pain who visited the Gunungpati Health Center. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant effect of the Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester with p=0.000. After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in pain to the mild category on a scale of 1–3. Conclusion: The Angry Cat Pose  exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women, so it can be recommended as a safe, simple, and routine nonpharmacological intervention under the supervision of health workers.

Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, caused by hormonal changes, uterine enlargement, and poor postural balance. If untreated, this pain can disrupt sleep quality and daily activities. The pelvic tilt technique, a non-pharmacological intervention, strengthens abdominal and pelvic muscles, maintains posture, and relieves back pain. This study examined the effect of the pelvic tilt technique on back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women at Karangdoro Public Health Center. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of all third-trimester pregnant women with physiological back pain (without comorbid conditions or a history of premature rupture of membranes). Using a total sampling technique, 34 respondents were included. The intervention was conducted for seven consecutive days. Data collection employed observation sheets and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test because the normality test yielded p < 0.05. Statistical results showed p = 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the pelvic tilt technique significantly reduced back pain intensity. These findings suggest that pelvic tilt exercises can serve as a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological alternative therapy to alleviate bapain in third-trimester pregnant women.

Introduction Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) experienced by workers due to non-ergonomic working postures, repetitive movements, and excessive workloads. This condition can reduce productivity and overall quality of life. Objective To increase restaurant workers’ knowledge about shoulder pain prevention through ergonomic education and simple stretching exercises that can be performed independently. Methods A descriptive observational study was conducted involving 20 kitchen workers at Potre Koneng Restaurant. The program consisted of permission procedures, workplace observation, questionnaire distribution, and health education using a leaflet. The educational material included the definition of shoulder pain, signs and symptoms, risk factors, preventive measures, and simple stretching techniques. Results The Form revealed that most workers experienced shoulder pain related to bending postures, lifting loads >5 kg, and limited rest breaks. Following the education session, participants demonstrated improved understanding of proper working posture and the importance of regular stretching, and expressed willingness to practice it during work breaks. Conclusion Ergonomic education and stretching exercises were effective in improving awareness of shoulder pain prevention among informal sector workers. Similar programs are recommended as promotive and preventive measures in high-risk workplaces.

Welding work on ships carries high risks of health disturbances due to exposure to heat, smoke, chemicals, and poor ergonomic work positions. This study aims to identify potential occupational health hazards among welders working on the MV KAREEM ship at PT. Samudra Marine Indonesia in 2025. The study uses a descriptive observational design with total sampling technique, involving 30 welders. Data were collected through direct observation using observation sheets and documentation in accordance with the welding SOP. The results of the study revealed five categories of health hazards. Physical hazards included excessive heat, noise, and poor lighting. Chemical hazards included welding fumes, metal dust, and toxic gases. Biological hazards arose from exposure to microorganisms in the work environment. Ergonomic hazards were related to awkward posture, prolonged static positions, and manual handling loads. Psychosocial hazards included long working hours, high workload, and conflicts among workers. The findings emphasize that welders are prone to health disturbances due to various risk factors. Preventive measures, including improving the work environment, implementing stricter safety standards, and providing occupational health education, are essential to reduce these risks.

Shortness of breath is one of the main problems experienced by patients with respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, and lung cancer. This condition can reduce oxygen saturation, which leads to limitations in physical activity, decreased quality of life, and an increased risk of hypoxemia that may become fatal if not immediately addressed. The management of dyspnea is not only carried out through pharmacological therapy but also through non-pharmacological interventions that are simple, safe, and easy to apply by health care providers. One such intervention is the tripod position and pursed-lip breathing technique. The tripod position is a sitting posture in which the patient leans forward with both hands supporting the body on the knees or a table, thereby facilitating maximum chest expansion. Meanwhile, pursed-lip breathing is a breathing technique performed by inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips, which prolongs the expiratory phase, reduces trapped air, and improves alveolar ventilation. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of applying these two techniques in increasing oxygen saturation among patients with dyspnea in the Emergency Department of RSUD Limpung. The research design was a case study involving four patients diagnosed with COPD, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, and lung cancer. The intervention was carried out by assisting patients to sit in a tripod position and training them in pursed-lip breathing for approximately 10 minutes. Oxygen saturation was measured using a pulse oximeter before and after the intervention. The results showed an increase in oxygen saturation in all patients, from 92–97% to 95–99% after the intervention. In conclusion, tripod position and pursed-lip breathing proved to be effective non-pharmacological therapies that can be recommended in emergency nursing practice to reduce dyspnea and improve oxygenation.

This community service activity was conducted in Montor Village with the aim of introducing and applying appropriate technology in the form of a urea fertilizer spreader. This program was driven by the problems faced by farmers, such as inefficiency in time and labor, and health risks caused by the manual fertilization method that requires a bent posture. In this activity, KKM students not only provided socialization but also held a participatory workshop to build the fertilizer spreader with the villagers using locally available materials such as pipes. The results of this program showed that the farmers realized that the fertilization process could be done more efficiently, quickly, and ergonomically. The fertilizer spreader produced proved to reduce physical fatigue, speed up work time, and ensure more uniform fertilizer distribution. This activity successfully raised awareness among farmers about the importance of simple innovations in agriculture and strengthened collaboration between students and the community in solving local agricultural problems. The success of the fertilizer spreader demonstrates the significant potential of appropriate technology in improving farmers' efficiency and work quality, as well as promoting sustainability in the agricultural sector in rural areas.

Monitoring hemodynamic conditions, particularly oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate, is a crucial aspect of neonatal care, especially in critical conditions. In addition to therapeutic interventions, supportive measures such as repositioning (postural change) can help optimize ventilation distribution and lung function, which directly affect hemodynamic stability. This study aimed to examine the effect of repositioning on oxygen saturation and heart rate levels in neonates in the Peristi Room at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This research employed a one-group pretest-posttest design with 27 neonatal respondents. The procedure involved alternating the neonates’ positions to supine, right lateral, and left lateral for two hours in each position, followed by measurement of SpO₂ and heart rate before and after repositioning. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as some data were not normally distributed. The results showed a significant difference in heart rate after the right lateral position (p=0.027), while the change in SpO₂ was not significant (p=0.125). The left lateral and supine positions showed no significant changes in either heart rate or SpO₂ (p>0.05). It can be concluded that repositioning, particularly in the right lateral position, positively influences hemodynamic stability in neonates. Future studies are recommended to include a larger sample size for more comprehensive findings.

Asthma is a non-communicable lung disease, with symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing and repeated coughing. Attacks can last for only a few minutes, hours, days or up to several weeks. The therapy given in this case using Infra red aims to relax the respiratory muscles and also improve blood circulation. Chest physiotherapy includes a nebulizer which aims to deliver drugs in the form of gas that can be inhaled by the patient's respiratory tract. Postural Drainage aims to drain mucus from various segments in the lungs to the larger airways with the help of gravity. Tappotement aims to divert sputum from the lungs. Works This Scientific Writing is a case study, raising patient cases and collecting data through the physiotherapy process. The modality provided is Infra red and Chest physiotherapy. The results showed significant improvements after six therapy sessions. Cough intensity decreased from frequent to no cough, while shortness of breath reduced from moderate to none. Auscultation revealed that wheezing and ronchi sounds, initially present in both lungs, eventually disappeared. Additionally, thoracic expansion improved, and the respiratory rate, initially 32 breaths per minute, decreased to 24 breaths per minute, approaching normal levels. In conclusion the combination of Infrared therapy and Chest physiotherapy is effective in managing Bronchial Asthma, particularly in reducing sputum production, improving thoracic expansion, and normalizing breathing patterns. This therapy can serve as a supportive approach in pediatric physiotherapy for respiratory disorders caused by inflammation and mucus accumulation.

Significant physical and psychological changes occur throughout pregnancy, especially in the third trimester (weeks 27–40).  Lower back pain, frequently caused by poor posture, changes in the curvature of the spine, and increasing body weight that shifts the center of gravity forward, is a common issue during this time.  Between 30% and 78% of pregnant women report experiencing lower back discomfort.  Maintaining physical health, endurance, and mental preparedness for childbirth are key objectives of prenatal exercise.  This study aimed to examine the effect of pregnancy exercise on lower back discomfort in third-trimester pregnant women at the Likupang Community Health Center.  The study used a one-group pretest-posttest design and was pre-experimental in nature, with the Likupang Community Health Center serving as the research site.  Fifteen pregnant women from the Likupang Community Health Center were chosen as the study sample.  The results indicated that pregnancy exercise had a significant impact on reducing back pain (p-value 0. 000), showing a clear effect between pregnancy exercise and the reduction of lower back pain (p-value 0. 000), as confirmed by the bivariate statistical test.  The findings suggest that pregnancy exercise can effectively alleviate lower back discomfort in third-trimester pregnant women.

The increasing vulnerabilities of modern enterprise network security systems highlight the necessity of adopting a more comprehensive and adaptive security approach than traditional VPN infrastructures. This study explores the design and implementation of Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) using the Cloudflare platform at PT FHI, focusing on addressing the weaknesses caused by uncontrolled remote access and legacy security models. The research adopts an experimental methodology based on the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC), which includes systematic phases such as needs analysis, architectural design, system implementation, testing, and performance evaluation. Data were collected through structured interviews with IT managers and security specialists, direct observation of network logs, and comprehensive testing involving three different categories of end users. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in role-based access control, granular authentication, and the elimination of unrestricted access to internal resources. Additionally, real-time monitoring and alerting features available through the Cloudflare dashboard enhance visibility and responsiveness to potential threats. The implemented system successfully applies the “never trust, always verify” principle by blocking unauthorized access attempts, enforcing continuous validation, and producing detailed audit logs. Performance evaluation results confirm stable connections, acceptable latency for critical business applications, and an overall improvement in network security posture while maintaining operational productivity across departments..

Pneumonia ialah penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Bawah yang bersifat akut pada parenkim paru meliputi alveolus dan jaringan interential yang dikarenakan mikroorganisme seperti jamur, virus dan bakteri. Mikroorganisme yang masuk ke saluran pernafasan bagian bawah dapat mengganggu proses pernapasan serta membuat saluran pernapasan tidak berfungsi secara optimal, sehingga proses keluar masuk oksigen juga terhambat dan mengakibatkan gangguan pada pola napas. Beberapa permasalahan lain yang ditimbulkan dari pneumonia seperti adanya penumpukan sputum, otot bantu pernapasan, penurunan ekspansi thoraks dan juga nyeri dada. Dalam perawatanya, tenaga medis berperan dalam pemberian antibiotik selama 8 jam setelah pasien mengalami perawatan serta fisioterapi berperan dalam pemberian intervensi penyinaran Infrared, Chest physiotherapy, dan Myofascial release. Penelitian ini bersifat studi kasus yang mengangkat satu kasus pasien serta mengumpulkan data melalui proses fisioterapi. Intervensi fisioterapi dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali pertemuan di Rumah Sakit dr. Ario Wirawan, Salatiga dengan menggunakan Infrared, Chest physiotherapy yang meliputi Postural Drainage, Clapping, Vibrasi, Latihan Batuk Efektif, Pursed Lip Breathing dan Myofascial release. Setelah menjalani 4 kali terapi, diperoleh hasil kondisi pasien yang mengalami penurunan nyeri dada, penurunan tingkat sesak napas, peningkatan ekspansi thoraks, berkurangnya spasme otot bantu pernapasan dan retensi sputum.

Pregnancy is one of the most important stages in a woman's life, accompanied by various physiological, psychological, and social changes. This period not only affects the mother's health but also plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the fetus. To adapt to these changes, a holistic approach is needed to support the physical and mental health of pregnant women. One form of non-pharmacological intervention that is increasingly gaining popularity is prenatal yoga. Prenatal yoga is an adaptation of classical yoga tailored to the physical condition of pregnant women, with movements performed in a gentler and slower manner. The core principle of prenatal yoga is the application of breathing techniques performed with full awareness. Prenatal yoga exercises are known to improve the health of pregnant women. This study aims to examine the effects of prenatal yoga on reducing stress levels in pregnant women through an analysis of relevant literature. The results indicate that prenatal yoga is effective in reducing stress levels, improving posture, and providing relaxation benefits for the mental health of pregnant womenPrenatal Yoga