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The objectives of this study are 1) to determine the influence of church ministry on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan; 2) to determine the influence of parental attention on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan; and 3) to determine the combined influence of church ministry and parental attention on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan. This study employed a quantitative method with inferential statistics. The sample consisted of 31 Sunday School congregants. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using regression and correlation tests. The results indicate that: 1) Church ministry has a positive and significant influence on the character formation of Sunday School children, with an F-value of 60.290 and a significance level of 0.000; 2) Parental attention has a positive and significant influence on the character formation of Sunday School children; and 3) Church ministry and parental attention jointly exert a positive and significant influence, contributing 71.6% to the variation in children’s character formation.Thus, it can be concluded that effective church ministry and consistent parental attention are the primary factors influencing the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan.

This research focuses on examining the innovation of licensing and accreditation services for educational institutions within the Department of Education and Culture of Sidoarjo Regency, as a strategy to ensure effective, transparent, and accountable education governance in the digital age. This research is based on bureaucratic intricacies, poor integration of information systems, and inadequate digital skills among civil servants in overseeing public education services. This research utilized a qualitative descriptive method, gathering data via in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving department personnel, school leaders, and representatives from educational institutions benefiting from the services. The results indicate that service innovation via the deployment of digital systems like the Sidoarjo Education Online System and e-Accreditation has effectively expedited licensing procedures, enhanced administrative efficiency, and bolstered transparency and public information release. Nonetheless, the primary obstacles persist in coordination between departments, opposition to changes in organizational culture, and insufficient human resource skills in managing digital systems. This research highlights that the effectiveness of public service innovation in education relies not just on adopting technology but also on improving collaborative governance and increasing bureaucratic capabilities. The research suggests creating a cooperative, data-informed, and participatory innovation framework to guarantee the sustainability and inclusivity of educational service innovation in Sidoarjo Regency.

This study evaluated drug inventory management in a primary hospital pharmacy using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. A descriptive quantitative design was applied with secondary data collected from January to December 2024, covering annual demand, purchase price, ordering cost, and holding cost. The analysis revealed inefficiencies, as several drugs simultaneously faced overstock and stock out risks, indicating weaknesses in procurement planning. EOQ calculations suggested lower and more frequent procurement, reducing storage costs and improving stock control. The findings demonstrated that applying EOQ could minimize financial risks, optimize resource allocation, and ensure continuous access to essential medicines. This research highlights the relevance of structured inventory models in supporting hospital efficiency and sustainable pharmaceutical logistics, particularly in resource-limited primary hospitals.

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality (X1), electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) (X2), and consumer experience (X3) on purchasing decisions (Y) among consumers of Facebook Marketplace in Kediri. This research is a quantitative study processed using statistical methods. The data collection techniques used were primary and secondary data. The sampling technique employed was incidental sampling, with a total sample of 96 respondents. The research data were obtained through questionnaires, literature studies, and documentation. The analytical techniques used include validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and the coefficient of determination test. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis yielded the equation:Y = 5.686 + 0.191X1 + 0.242X2 + 0.425X3 + e. The t-test results showed that the service quality variable obtained a t-value of 2.215 with a significance level of 0.029, the e-WOM variable obtained a t-value of 2.072 with a significance level of 0.041, and the consumer experience variable obtained a t-value of 4.557 with a significance level of 0.000. The F-test results showed an F-value of 39.217 with a significance level of 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a partial effect of service quality on purchasing decisions, e-WOM on purchasing decisions, and consumer experience on purchasing decisions. Moreover, there is a simultaneous influence of service quality, e-WOM, and consumer experience on purchasing decisions.

. This study aims to analyze the communication strategy of the Serang City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Agency (DPMPTSP) in providing public services to the community, as well as identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, while secondary data were collected from literature, regulations, and related official sources. The focus of the study is directed at the application of the two-way symmetrical communication theory that emphasizes interactive dialogue, feedback acceptance, communication equality, and active community participation. The results show that the Serang City DPMPTSP implements various communication strategies, including delivering information face-to-face and digitally (website, social media, and SKM barcodes), providing complaint channels, and involving the community in service evaluation. Supporting factors include the availability of service facilities, competent human resources, and information technology support. Inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy in the community, technical system obstacles, and differences in the level of public understanding of service procedures.

One of the missions and objectives of establishing an ideal government bureaucracy it to provide good public services to the community, particularly optimal service quality for persons with disabilities. To assess the extent to which the measures/benchmarks of service quality success can be examined from the criteria of the dimensions of public service quality. This study aims to determine the extent to which the quality of public service provided is able to meet the needs of persons with disabilities at the Makassar City Government. This type of research uses a qualitative approach tiwh a case study strategy and both primary and secondary data sources. Data collection is based on observations from the study, and data analysis uses an interactive method that includes data presentation, data condensation, and drawing conclusions. Research results indicate that the quality of public services for people with disabilities at the Makassar City Government specifically sosial service is overall not yet optimal in meeting the needs of people with disabilities and still needs improvement. Based on the service quality dimension indicators, namely: Tangible (physical evidence); Reliability; and Responsiviness, they still need to be enhanced because they are not yet optimal due to limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of employee awareness, and insufficient attention to fulfilling the needs of people with disabilities. Meanwhile, Assurance and Empathy are already categorized as good and adequate thanks to the guidance and quick response from rehabilitation officers. However, comprehensive and continuous improvement is still necessary

Patient satisfaction refers to the degree of emotion felt by an individual, arising from an assessment of the quality of medical care received, compared to initial expectations. Suspected dissatisfaction among visitors to the Huta Padang Community Health Center, Asahan Regency, appears to be due to the inadequacy of the primary care facilities provided at the institution. Information gathering was conducted from July to August 2023. This analytical study aimed to measure patient satisfaction with essential health care at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of the Huta Padang Community Health Center, Asahan Regency. The target group of the study included all polyclinic patients visiting the Saribudolok Community Health Center. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique, with a total of 64 participants. The study findings were summarized through a frequency distribution table, followed by statistical data processing via a Chi-square test at a 95% significance level (α = 0.05). The analysis revealed a relationship between primary care quality and patient satisfaction, indicated by a p-value of 0.018. Therefore, it is recommended for Community Health Center leaders to actively improve the standards of assistance provided, for example by providing encouragement or incentives for staff to carry out their duties optimally, so that they can realize patient anticipation.

Child sexual abuse is a severe problem that profoundly affects victims’ physical, psychological, and social well-being. The Deli Serdang Child Protection Institution (LPA) functions as a non-governmental organization providing recovery and rehabilitation services for victims of such abuse. This study aims to examine the implementation of psychosocial interventions for child sexual abuse victims at LPA Deli Serdang. Conducted in Deli Serdang Regency, the research involved several informants, including the Chairperson and Psychologist of LPA as key informants, two child victims identified by the initials Z and N as main informants, and four supporting informants consisting of the victims’ parents, the LPA Secretary, and Legal Staff. Data collection was carried out through literature review, observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed qualitatively to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychosocial intervention process. The findings show that LPA Deli Serdang has fulfilled its role in accordance with Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, particularly in providing integrated services that address victims’ emotional and behavioral needs. Based on Nitimiharjo’s (2012) framework, psychosocial interventions implemented by LPA have contributed to positive improvements in the victims’ cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and environmental domains. Moreover, according to Caroline’s (2012) theory, individual and play therapy have been identified as the primary methods used to assist victims in the recovery process. Overall, these interventions have proven effective in supporting psychological healing and social reintegration for child sexual abuse victims under the institution’s care.

This research start with the service quality problem regarding those who wish to visit again. This research employed a descriptive research design using quantitative data. This research used both primary and secondary data sources. Tourists at the Nyarai Lubuk Alung Waterfall tourist attraction make up the research population. Using non-probability sampling techniques, the research sample consisted of 276 consumers. Purposive sampling research is the type that is carried out. A Likert scale questionnaire that has gone through validity and reliability testing is used as a collection for data tool and then processed with SPSS 25.00. The results of this research shown that service quality is in the quite agree category, namely 51.81%. Furthermore, the variable desire to visit again is in the agreed category, namely 35.51%. The impact of service quality (X) influences the desire to visit again (Y), with a score of 11.1% and 88.9% influenced by other factors. Additionally, the results of the multiple linear regression analysis yielded a t value of 0.450 with sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and a calculated F value of 1.203 with sig. 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of the service quality variable on the desire to return.

To respond to the challenges and needs of contemporary society, the public sector must rapidly adapt to digital transformation. The objective of this research is to examine relevant and adaptive human resource development strategies for the digital ecosystem and to evaluate how they impact the quality of public services in the era of technological disruption. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review and policy analysis. It analyzes best practices from government institutions, both national and international, in developing human resources oriented towards the digital era. Key findings indicate that optimizing human resources requires not only improving technological capabilities or digital expertise; it also requires reconstructing leadership paradigms, flexible organizational cultures, and implementing meritocratic systems and data-driven performance management. It is evident that technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) can help improve public services, but the success of these technologies depends heavily on the capabilities and readiness of the employees who manage these systems. An integrated digital talent ecosystem must be built, encompassing continuous training (learning for life), collaboration between government, academia, and business (the triple helix model), and a regulatory framework responsive to technological developments. Furthermore, it is emphasized that developing digital integrity and ethics is crucial as a pillar of good governance in the digital era. Optimizing human resource development strategies systematically and sustainably will enable Indonesia to improve the efficiency of public services and strengthen the competitiveness of its bureaucracy globally. By 2045, adaptable, innovative, and highly integrated human resources will be the primary drivers of a digital government transformation that is inclusive, responsive, and future-oriented.

Service excellence has become a strategic issue in modern educational management because it is directly related to service quality, customer satisfaction, and the image of educational institutions. In the context of global competition and demands for public transparency, educational institutions are required to provide services that are effective, efficient, and oriented to the needs of students and the community. This study aims to systematically examine how the concept of service excellence is implemented in educational institutions and its impact on customer satisfaction. The method used was a systematic literature review, searching articles in national databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, and campus journal portals using the keywords "service excellence," "service excellence," "education," and "customer satisfaction." Of the 20 articles found, seven met the analysis criteria. The results of the study revealed three main themes: improving the professionalism of educational staff, implementing the TQM concept in service, and strengthening a customer-oriented service culture. This literature synthesis concluded that service excellence significantly increases customer satisfaction and loyalty in educational institutions. Future research should focus on an integrative model of digital-based service excellence in educational institutions.  

This study aims to determine the influence of Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality on Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. This research adopts a quantitative approach, focusing on the statistical analysis of the relationship between variables. The data were obtained from primary sources through the distribution of structured questionnaires to respondents. The population in this study consisted of all consumers of Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using a saturated sampling technique, where the entire population is used as the sample due to the accessible number of consumers during the research period. Several analytical methods were applied, including validity and reliability tests to ensure the quality and consistency of the research instruments. Classical assumption tests were also conducted to confirm the appropriateness of the regression model. The study used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effect of the independent variables — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — on the dependent variable, namely Consumer Purchase Decisions. The results of the partial (t-test) analysis showed that each variable — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. Furthermore, the results of the simultaneous (F-test) analysis indicate that all three variables together significantly affect Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar.

This study aims to determine the extent to which service quality, product variety, and price influence purchasing decisions at Perdana Stationery Kediri. A quantitative research method was employed, involving a total of 170 respondents who were selected using accidental sampling techniques. The primary data were gathered through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire, and then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to assess both the individual and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on purchasing decisions. The results of the partial tests showed that service quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, with a t-value of 4.112 and a significance level of 0.000. Similarly, product variety demonstrated a significant positive effect (t = 3.905, p = 0.000), indicating that a wide selection of products can attract and retain more customers. Furthermore, price was also found to significantly influence purchasing decisions (t = 3.732, p = 0.000), suggesting that competitive and reasonable pricing remains an essential factor in consumers' buying behavior. The simultaneous test (F-test) showed that all three variables collectively have a significant impact on purchasing decisions, with an F-value of 45.672 and a significance value of 0.000. The model explains 45.1% of the variance in purchasing decisions, indicating a substantial level of influence. In conclusion, this study highlights that delivering high-quality service, offering diverse product options, and maintaining competitive pricing are key strategies for increasing customer purchasing decisions, improving market competitiveness, and fostering long-term customer loyalty.

This study examines the quality of a servant of God based on II Timothy 1:6–8 as a foundation for church development and spiritual growth. In reality, the role of God’s servant is often underestimated compared to other leadership roles in society, even though their quality greatly influences the life of the congregation and the direction of church ministry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the criteria for a quality servant of God in ministry, particularly in facing the challenges of the postmodern era, when relativism, individualism, and secularism often weaken spiritual commitment. The method used is a qualitative-analytical approach, with the primary data source being the biblical text of II Timothy 1:6–8, supported by secondary data obtained from theological literature, books, and relevant journal articles. Through exegesis and contextual analysis, this study identifies several essential criteria: the rekindling of spiritual gifts, the spirit of power, love, and self-discipline, as well as the courage to endure suffering for the sake of the Gospel. These characteristics are not only theological ideals but also practical demands for ministers who serve in a complex cultural and social environment. The findings of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to theological scholarship, particularly in the field of pastoral leadership and ecclesiology. In addition, the study offers practical guidance for church ministers in developing resilience, integrity, and Christ-centered leadership. The implication emphasizes that servant leadership rooted in character, love, obedience, and readiness to endure suffering is essential for strengthening faith, encouraging church growth, and glorifying God’s name. Therefore, the criteria outlined in II Timothy 1:6–8 remain highly relevant as a timeless foundation for effective ministry in the postmodern context

This study aims to analyze the effect of Service Quality, Price Perception, and Facilities on Customer Satisfaction at Barbershop Alsasumo Batam. The method used in this study is quantitative, with primary and secondary data collected through questionnaires. A sample of 243 respondents was determined using Slovin's formula and simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27 software. Based on regression analysis, the following regression equation was obtained: Y = 0.172 + 0.401X1 + 0.367X2 + 0.284X3 + e. The results of the study indicate that Service Quality (X1), Price Perception (X2), and Facilities (X3) have a positive and significant impact on Customer Satisfaction (Y). The t-values for each variable are 8.504 for Service Quality, 8.725 for Price Perception, and 6.939 for Facilities, with a t-table value of 1.969. Simultaneously, all three independent variables significantly influence Customer Satisfaction with an F-value of 136.457, which is higher than the F-table value of 2.65. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.631 indicates that 63.1% of the variation in Customer Satisfaction is explained by these three variables, while the remaining 36.9% is influenced by other factors not covered in this study. These findings emphasize that Service Quality, Price Perception, and Facilities significantly affect Customer Satisfaction at Barbershop Alsasumo Batam.

Cilegon City, located in Banten Province, is recognized as a vital industrial hub contributing to Indonesia's economic growth. However, the city's investment competitiveness still requires substantial enhancement to attract both domestic and foreign investors. This study focuses on developing a strategy to strengthen the investment competitiveness of Cilegon City, primarily through optimizing its industrial sectors and innovating public services. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, using literature reviews, interviews, and observations of local policies and conditions to gather data. The findings suggest that improving investment competitiveness can be achieved through the development of industrial clusters, providing necessary supporting infrastructure, and enhancing public service efficiency, particularly through digitalization and innovations in the licensing process. Additionally, fostering collaboration between local governments, businesses, and the community is essential for creating a competitive and sustainable investment environment. Public service innovation, especially in streamlining the licensing process, increases transparency and builds investor confidence. The study concludes that with an integrated strategy, Cilegon City can transform into a top industrial investment destination with the potential to compete effectively on both national and international levels. This research highlights the importance of strategic planning, innovation, and collaborative efforts in positioning Cilegon as a globally competitive industrial center, enhancing its attractiveness to investors and contributing to economic development.

This study examines the influence of product quality, service quality, and word of mouth on purchase decisions at DNA Spot Café Surakarta, based on 100 randomly selected respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that service quality and word of mouth have a positive and significant effect, while product quality is not significant. The coefficient of determination of 61.3% indicates that the independent variables explain most of the variation in purchase decisions, contributing to marketing management research in the café industry. The results highlight the crucial role of service quality in shaping customer perceptions and driving decision-making in the café industry. High-quality service fosters positive customer experiences, which, in turn, encourage repeat visits and enhance loyalty. Additionally, the significant influence of word of mouth underscores the importance of social interactions and customer recommendations in the decision-making process, especially in a service-based business like a café, where personal experiences are often shared and valued among peer groups. Conversely, the insignificance of product quality suggests that while product standards are important, they may not be the primary driver of purchase decisions at DNA Spot Café. This indicates that customers may prioritize the overall experience, atmosphere, and peer recommendations over product differentiation when choosing where to dine or spend leisure time. These findings contribute to the body of marketing management research, particularly in the context of the café industry, by emphasizing the strategic importance of service excellence and customer engagement strategies to enhance brand reputation and influence consumer behavior. Future research could explore additional factors such as pricing, promotional strategies, and customer loyalty programs to provide a more comprehensive understanding of purchase decision dynamics.

This study investigates the impact of taste and service quality on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, at Dapoer MbokSum Kediri. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of structured questionnaires to customers, while secondary data were collected via interviews with the business owner and direct field observations to gain a deeper understanding of operational practices. A total of 120 respondents were selected through accidental sampling, ensuring that participants met specific criteria relevant to the study objectives. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0, incorporating validity and reliability testing to ensure the robustness of the measurement instruments, as well as hypothesis testing to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results of the analysis indicate that both taste and service quality exert significant and positive influences on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, service quality demonstrates a significant and direct positive effect on customer loyalty. In contrast, taste does not show a direct influence on loyalty, suggesting that its effect on loyalty is more indirect and mediated by satisfaction Additionally, the mediation analysis confirms that customer satisfaction plays a critical role in linking both taste and service quality to customer loyalty. This implies that while customers may appreciate the taste of food, it is their overall satisfaction—encompassing both taste and service experiences—that ultimately drives loyalty. The study highlights the importance for culinary businesses, particularly in the competitive food service industry, to focus not only on product quality but also on delivering excellent service to enhance satisfaction and foster long-term customer relationships. The findings provide practical insights for Dapoer MbokSum Kediri and similar establishments to strategically prioritize service quality improvements alongside maintaining food taste to maximize customer retention and loyalty.

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of product quality, service quality, and customer trust on insurance product purchasing decisions at PT AIA Financial at BCA KCP Raden Saleh, Central Jakarta. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding the factors that influence purchasing decisions, especially in the insurance industry, which is intangible and highly dependent on customer perception and trust. This study uses primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 47 respondents, namely PT AIA Financial customers who have purchased insurance products at the research location. The research instrument is compiled based on variable indicators whose validity and reliability have been tested. The data analysis method used is a quantitative method with a multiple linear regression analysis approach through the assistance of SPSS software version 26. Product quality is measured through the dimensions of performance, durability, suitability, and features; service quality is assessed from the aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical evidence; while customer trust is seen from the reliability of the company, agent integrity, and clarity of information. The results of the study indicate that product quality, service quality, and customer trust partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on insurance product purchasing decisions. This means that the higher the quality of the products and services provided, and the greater the customer trust, the higher the customer's tendency to purchase PT AIA Financial's insurance products. This finding implies that the company needs to continuously maintain and improve its product quality, provide excellent service, and build and maintain customer trust through transparent communication, clear product education, and a commitment to service promises. This way, long-term relationships with customers can be maintained and customer loyalty can be enhanced.

Children's education and development are crucial aspects and a primary concern for parents, especially in the field of sports. In this context, the Science Swimming Team (SST) Sidoarjo swimming club plays a strategic role in providing quality swimming training for children. This study aims to evaluate the level of parental satisfaction with the quality of services provided by the club's coaches. Using a quantitative approach and descriptive design, this study collected data through a closed-ended questionnaire distributed to 15 respondents who were parents of students at SST. The research instrument was structured based on five dimensions of service quality: tangibles, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, and assurance. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively quantitatively by calculating frequency distributions and percentages to obtain a clear picture of the level of parental satisfaction. The results showed that the majority of respondents, namely 53.33%, felt quite satisfied with the services provided by the coaches, while 26.67% felt satisfied, 13.33% were less satisfied, and 6.67% were dissatisfied. The reliability and responsiveness dimensions scored highest, indicating that coaches were able to provide reliable and responsive services to parents' needs. However, the tangible and empathy dimensions still need to be improved to achieve optimal satisfaction. The implications of these findings suggest that coaches and club management need to strengthen the quality of existing facilities and infrastructure and develop a more empathetic communication approach with parents. This is crucial for creating a better relationship between coaches and parents, thereby increasing their trust and satisfaction with the services provided. Future research is recommended to expand the number of respondents and identify specific factors influencing satisfaction, so that the results obtained are more comprehensive and applicable in the context of service development in swimming clubs.