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Ocviarissa Rivera; Petrus Poerwadi; Albertus Purwaka; Paul Diman; Juniarti Juniarti +2 more

Bhinneka: Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2023 Universitas Palan

The aims of this study were (1) to describe the form of persona deixis in Boy Candra's novel Origami Hati, (2) to describe the form of place deixis in Boy Candra's Origami Hati novel, (3) to describe the form of time deixis in Boy Candra's Origami Hati novel, ( 4) to describe the function of persona deixis in the novel Origami Hati by Boy Candra, (5) to describe the function of deixis of place in the novel Origami Hati by Boy Candra, (6) to describe the function of time deixis in the novel Origami Hati by Boy Candra, (7) to describe the implications of deixis in the novel Origami Hati by Boy Candra on learning short story texts in junior high school. The results showed that the deixis contained in the novel Origami Hati by Boy Candra includes first-person deixis, second-person deixis, third-person deixis, place deixis and time deixis and their respective functions. The function of persona deixis in this novel is used to refer to actors or participants who are involved in language events; used as a pointer to belonging; used as a subject; used as an object. The function of place deixis in this novel is used as a description of the place where a language event takes place. The function of time deixis in this novel is used to refer to the time of utterance; used to refer to past or before utterances; used to refer to the time after the utterance. Personal deixis in this novel consists of the form aku, -ku, saya, anda, kami, kita, kamu, -mu, kalian, dia, -ia, mereka. The deixis of time in this novel refers to the past, present and future. The deixis of place in this novel refers to places that are far from the speakers, close to the speakers and somewhat far from the speakers.

Betiana Betiana; Patrisia Cuesdeyeni; Yuliati Eka Asi; Alifiah Nurachmana; Jumadi Jumadi

Bhinneka: Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2023 Universitas Palan

This research approach is descriptive qualitative, which is in line with the research findings, namely in the form of a description of the Indirectness of Expression in the Song Lyrics of the Album Human Karya Tulus. This type of research is qualitative, because the data found were not obtained using statistical (quantitative) calculations but in the form of phrases, clauses or sentences contained in indirect expressions in the lyrics of the song Album Human Karya Tulus. The results of this research show that the analysis of deviations in meaning and creation of meaning in the lyrics of the song Album Human Karya Tulus obtained data that the indirectness of expression in the song lyrics in the form of replacement of meaning in the form of metaphor amounted to eight quotations, personification amounted to eleven quotations, deviations in meaning in the form of ambiguity amounted to six quotations , contradiction of three quotations, creation of meaning in the form of rhyme totaling six quotations and creation of meaning in the form of typography totaling three quotations. Thus, the indirect expression in the song lyrics that is most dominantly used in the Human Album by Tulus is the indirect expression in the song lyrics in the form of changing meaning in the form of personification totaling eleven quotes. The implications of the analysis of indirectness of expression in the lyrics of the song Album Human Karya Tulus for literature learning in junior high schools are expected to provide an understanding of the types of indirectness of expression in a song lyric. These implications are also expected to become additional teaching material to improve students' abilities in understanding the building blocks in a song lyric as well as creating a work of song lyrics.

Elin Widia; Petrus Poerwadi; Misnawati Misnawati; Patricia Cuesdeyeni; Lazarus Linarto

Bhinneka: Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2023 Universitas Palan

The purpose of this study was to obtain the symbolic meaning of Natas Banyang at the Maanyan Dayak Traditional wedding ceremony in east Barito and its implications for literatur learning in SMA. The purpose of this study was to describe: (1) the symbolic meaning of events in natas banyang (2) symbolic meaning of objects in natas banyang (3) the symbolic meaning of language in natas banyang (4) implications for learning literature in high school class X. This study uses a qualitative opproach method. The data source for this research is the natas banyang process and interviewing traditional mantir. The objects of this study are all the symbolic meanings of natas banyang at the Maanyan Dayak traditional wedding ceremony in east Barito. The results of this study areas follows. (1) The symbolic meaning of events in natas banyang (2) The symbolic meaning of objects used in natas banyang (3) the symbolc meaning of language in natas banyang (4) Used in teaching literature for class X SMA, In accordance with KD 4.1 Interpreting the meaning of pantun texts both oral or written. Indicator 4.1. Identifying the linguistic elements of the pantun texts both oral or written. Indicator 4.1.1 Identefying the linguistic elements of the pantun text 4.1.2 interpret the pantun text. natas  banyang at the maanyan Dayak traditional wedding ceremony in east Barito which aims to develop knowledge in regional culture.

Aben Tuke Banamtuan; Abad Jaya Zega

James 1:12-15 is a Bible verse that delves into the meaning of trials and their impact on modern-day servants of God. The verse underscores that trials are a part of life, testing one's faith and character. In this context, the meaning of trials is the tests or challenges faced by every individual, including servants of God, and its implications are significant for their outlook and behavior. The verse teaches that those who endure through trials will receive blessings in the form of the "crown of life," symbolizing the promised gift of eternal life from God for the faithful. Contemporary servants of God must understand that trials are not tools employed by God to tempt humanity into sin but are rather part of life experiences that may arise from human wickedness or complex situations. The most important implication for servants of God is their personal responsibility in facing trials. They should not blame God or circumstances but should reflect on their personal role in maintaining their integrity, obedience, and faith. Servants of God are expected to seek strength and guidance from God, hold fast to His Word, and resist the temptations of sin. Trials can also be used by God to shape character and foster spiritual growth in servants. By enduring and learning from trial experiences, servants can grow stronger in their faith and become better equipped to serve others. Therefore, James 1:12-15 reminds contemporary servants of God to possess perseverance, obedience, and vigilance when facing trials, recognizing them as opportunities for spiritual growth and the receipt of blessings promised by God.

Aben Tuke Banamtuan; Abad Jaya Zega

James 1:12-15 is a Bible verse that delves into the meaning of trials and their impact on modern-day servants of God. The verse underscores that trials are a part of life, testing one's faith and character. In this context, the meaning of trials is the tests or challenges faced by every individual, including servants of God, and its implications are significant for their outlook and behavior. The verse teaches that those who endure through trials will receive blessings in the form of the "crown of life," symbolizing the promised gift of eternal life from God for the faithful. Contemporary servants of God must understand that trials are not tools employed by God to tempt humanity into sin but are rather part of life experiences that may arise from human wickedness or complex situations. The most important implication for servants of God is their personal responsibility in facing trials. They should not blame God or circumstances but should reflect on their personal role in maintaining their integrity, obedience, and faith. Servants of God are expected to seek strength and guidance from God, hold fast to His Word, and resist the temptations of sin. Trials can also be used by God to shape character and foster spiritual growth in servants. By enduring and learning from trial experiences, servants can grow stronger in their faith and become better equipped to serve others. Therefore, James 1:12-15 reminds contemporary servants of God to possess perseverance, obedience, and vigilance when facing trials, recognizing them as opportunities for spiritual growth and the receipt of blessings promised by God.

Lisa Eka Putri; Deswalantri Deswalantri; Al-Baihaqi Anas; Eka Rizal

Ta'rim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Yayasan Pendidikan Ilmu Qur'an Baubau

The The background of this research is that the learning process is still centered on the teacher (teacher center) which makes the teaching and learning process passive and also the teacher only uses conventional models.  This will have an impact on student learning motivation to be low.  Given the importance of setting strategies and variations in classroom learning will have implications for student learning motivation, therefore researchers are interested in using the Teams Games Tournament type cooperative learning model to measure how much influence the Teams Games Tournament learning model has on student learning motivation.  This study aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model on student learning motivation in learning the moral creed of class VIII MTs Gantung Ciri. The type of research used is a quasi experiment with a posttest-only research design with non-equivalent groups.  The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling or is called saturated sampling.  Saturated sampling is a sampling technique when all members of the population are used as samples.  Class VIII-1 as an experimental class with 22 students.  Class VIII-2 as the control class with 21 students.  The data analysis technique was carried out by carrying out a normality test with the Shapiro-Wilk formula, homogeneity test and then testing the hypothesis with an independent t-test.  All tests were performed using the SPSS 22 application. The results of the study obtained from the research data that the average results of the experimental class learning motivation questionnaire = 63.09 and the control class = 59.71. It can be concluded that the average results of the experimental class questionnaire are higher than the average results of the control class questionnaire and the results of the hypothesis  which was carried out with the t-test obtained the number 0.043 <0.05 then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted.

Rd. Dewi Lesnasari; Aris Adi Leksono

Bhinneka: Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2023 Universitas Palan

An Islamic religious education educator does not just provide teaching materials in class but is more complex than that. Apart from educating and preparing students with knowledge, Islamic religious education educators are also fully responsible for encouraging student behavior, both from a psychological and character perspective. In the field of education, Islamic religious education educators greatly influence aspects of students' lives, both social, cultural and moral, to develop good motivation in students so that they can form individuals with noble morals. Therefore, to make this happen, appropriate learning strategies are needed that are able to increase student motivation. This research aims to explain the PAI learning strategy that is applied, analyzing the factors that support its success, as well as explaining the impact resulting from implementing the PAI learning strategy in an effort to increase student learning motivation at SDN Kawunggading, Cianjur. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews and documentation. The resulting data is then analyzed by means of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this research show that the PAI learning strategies implemented at SDN Kawunggading are implementing examples, implementing habits, giving advice, paying attention, giving punishment, and discussing with peers. Factors that influence the success of PAI learning strategies consist of external factors and internal factors; The implications of the PAI learning strategy implemented at SDN Kawungggading are able to have a good impact on broken home students as shown by the students' attitude of being diligent in going to school, having concern for the surrounding environment, having a good attitude towards teachers and friends, and being able to follow lessons in a conducive manner.    

Robingun Suyud El Syam; Salis Irvan Fuadi; Darul Muntaha

Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian dan Kegiatan Masyarakat 2023 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

The Teaching Campus Program is a follow-up program to the Pioneer Teaching Campus Program organized by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture in 2020 as a concrete manifestation of higher education through its students to take part in moving to make education successful nationally in a pandemic situation. The aim of this service is to understand the process of empowering Al-Qur'an Science University students in the Teaching Campus 5 Program at One Roof 4 State Middle School Sukoharjo and One Roof 3 State Middle School Kejajar, Wonosobo Regency. The empowerment strategy goes through four stages, namely: provision, deployment, monitoring and withdrawal. The results of this empowerment show that Al-Qur'an Science University students in the Teaching Campus Program have contributed to solving the problems of post-pandemic education, namely the lack of motivation to learn. This can be seen from the increase in school literacy and numeracy, as well as improved school adaptation to technology in the learning process, and the realization of a project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students (P5). These results contribute to school recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic. The conclusion focuses on the importance of emotional ties between students and the school in realizing a goal to be achieved together and its implications for the sustainability of national education.

Alifia Ulfadila; Siti Fatimah; Muhajir Muhajir

Perspektif: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Bahasa 2023 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The novel entitled Penyalin Cahaya by Lucia Priandarini is interesting to examine from the aspect of the inner conflict experienced by the main character. The inner conflict that occurs in the novel is caused by a case of sexual harassment against the main character. The aim of this research is to describe the inner conflict experienced by the main character of the novel Pelipin Cahaya by Lucia Priandarini. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The approach used is a literary psychology approach. The data collection technique used is a documentation technique in three ways, namely, literature study, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The instrument used is a data card for classifying forms of inner conflict. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. The results of this research found 50 data on forms of inner conflict and 50 data on causes of inner conflict. The forms of inner conflict found were (3) depression, (2) obsession, (7) anxiety, (4) frustration, (2) feeling of security, (3) dissatisfaction, (7) hurt, (6) fear, (4) guilt, (8) anger, and (4) inadequacy. Meanwhile, the causes of inner conflict found were (5) physiological needs, (22) security needs, (7) love and belonging needs, (7) self-esteem needs, and (9) self-actualization needs. This research can have implications for literature learning at the high school/vocational school level.

Muhamad Novi Aminudin; Binti Maunah

Jurnal Sadewa : Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan, Pembelajaran dan Ilmu Sosial 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

The aim of this research is to increase students' social studies learning motivation through the application of the mind mapping learning model, this is due to the low level of students' learning motivation towards social studies subjects at MTs Miftahul Huda Ngeni Wonotirto Blitar. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this research are (1) The steps for implementing the mind mapping learning model begin with determining the objectives to be achieved in learning, determining the material that will be presented in the mind map. After the material is determined, the next step is to prepare supporting tools. The next step is the learning process using the mind mapping learning model. (2) Student responses to the application of the mind mapping learning model get a good response from students. Students are more enthusiastic when learning activities use the mind mapping learning model. (3) The implications of applying the mind mapping learning model are a) students are interested in paying attention to the material presented, b) students become easier to understand the material, c) students become more enthusiastic about learning than usual, d) students become more active in learning activities using mind mapping model, e) student learning motivation has increased, besides that it will affect student learning outcomes.  

Muhamad Novi Aminudin; Binti Maunah

Jurnal Sadewa : Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan, Pembelajaran dan Ilmu Sosial 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

The aim of this research is to increase students' social studies learning motivation through the application of the mind mapping learning model, this is due to the low level of students' learning motivation towards social studies subjects at MTs Miftahul Huda Ngeni Wonotirto Blitar. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this research are (1) The steps for implementing the mind mapping learning model begin with determining the objectives to be achieved in learning, determining the material that will be presented in the mind map. After the material is determined, the next step is to prepare supporting tools. The next step is the learning process using the mind mapping learning model. (2) Student responses to the application of the mind mapping learning model get a good response from students. Students are more enthusiastic when learning activities use the mind mapping learning model. (3) The implications of applying the mind mapping learning model are a) students are interested in paying attention to the material presented, b) students become easier to understand the material, c) students become more enthusiastic about learning than usual, d) students become more active in learning activities using mind mapping model, e) student learning motivation has increased, besides that it will affect student learning outcomes.  

Ulfiatussalwa Ulfiatussalwa; Syifa Nur Rohman; Tia Latifah

Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Budaya 2023 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This research aims to analyze consonant sequences in the phonology of the Indonesian language, focusing on patterns of distribution, combinations, and variations of consonants. The analytical method involves collecting data from representative Indonesian language texts, including books, articles, and everyday conversations. The analysis is conducted by examining the sequence of consonants, frequency of usage, and potential phonological changes. The results of this research can provide further insights into the phonological structure of the Indonesian language, the contribution of consonant patterns to language expression, and their potential implications for language learning and teaching. This study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of Indonesian phonology and to encourage further development in the field of linguistics.

Adji Seputro; Ahmad Dwi Nurdiyanto

Journal of New Trends in Sciences 2023 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

Mathematics anxiety has long been recognized as a barrier to student achievement, particularly in an era where digital technologies are reshaping education. This study aims to investigate the role of cognitive psychology in modern mathematics learning as a means of reducing math anxiety and enhancing numerical creativity among digital generation learners. Employing an experimental classroom design informed by neuroeducation principles, the research explored how interventions rooted in cognitive regulation, emotional control, and cognitive load management influence student outcomes. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test instruments measuring levels of math anxiety and creativity in numerical problem-solving. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in mathematics anxiety following the implementation of the neuroeducation-based intervention. Simultaneously, students exhibited marked improvements in creative approaches to numerical challenges, indicating that addressing psychological factors is essential to unlocking mathematical potential. These results highlight the importance of integrating cognitive psychology into mathematics instruction, moving beyond procedural learning toward a holistic approach that considers students’ emotional and cognitive states. The implications extend to educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers, suggesting that modern mathematics education should balance cognitive development, emotional well-being, and creative problem-solving skills to prepare students for the challenges of a rapidly evolving digital world.

Nur Eviani; Nur Isroatul Khusna

Jurnal Sadewa : Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan, Pembelajaran dan Ilmu Sosial 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

Learning models and also media that are less varied in learning can cause students to become bored and get bored quickly, and the lack of precise selection of learning models in conveying material also causes low student learning outcomes, which is the background of this research. This learning uses the Project Based Learning model using Flip Chart media which is carried out at the MTs PSM Tanen Rejotangan school which is considered to be able to improve student learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to find out the planning, describe the implementation of learning and also the implications of applying the Project Based Learning model using Flip Chart media. This study uses a mixed methods research method. This type of research uses statistical descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative. Qualitative data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation, while quantitative research used data collection with questionnaires. Qualitative data analysis was in the form of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, while quantitative data analysis used the form of single tabulations and percentages. The research results from the implementation of this learning model can improve student learning outcomes in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of students.

Nur Eviani; Nur Isroatul Khusna

Jurnal Sadewa : Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan, Pembelajaran dan Ilmu Sosial 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

Learning models and also media that are less varied in learning can cause students to become bored and get bored quickly, and the lack of precise selection of learning models in conveying material also causes low student learning outcomes, which is the background of this research. This learning uses the Project Based Learning model using Flip Chart media which is carried out at the MTs PSM Tanen Rejotangan school which is considered to be able to improve student learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to find out the planning, describe the implementation of learning and also the implications of applying the Project Based Learning model using Flip Chart media. This study uses a mixed methods research method. This type of research uses statistical descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative. Qualitative data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation, while quantitative research used data collection with questionnaires. Qualitative data analysis was in the form of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, while quantitative data analysis used the form of single tabulations and percentages. The research results from the implementation of this learning model can improve student learning outcomes in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of students.

Subiyantoro, Singgih; Musa, Mohamad Zain

Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan 2023 Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara

Integrating innovative pedagogical approaches becomes paramount as the contemporary educational paradigm evolves. The study addresses the gap in the current literature by offering insights into the multifaceted implications of gamification in higher education settings. The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the attitudes, experiences, and perceptions of both educators and students toward gamified elements in LMS. The study combines qualitative interviews with teachers and students and quantitative surveys to gather a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The methodology encompasses diverse higher education institutions to ensure a representative sample. Results highlight the nuanced perspectives of participants, revealing key factors influencing the effectiveness of gamification in LMS, such as motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes. The findings provide a foundation for a more informed integration of gamified elements into educational practices. In conclusion, this research contributes to the field by offering empirical evidence and nuanced insights into the perceptions of gamification in higher education. The study enhances our understanding of the challenges and benefits associated with gamified learning and provides practical implications for educators and policymakers aiming to foster innovative and engaging learning environments.

Jalaludin Bulkini; Riswan Riswan; Siti Qomariyah

Al-Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 2023 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

This research examines the impact of the school principal's leadership style on teacher performance and competence at MTs Azzainiyyah Nagrog, Sukabumi. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing surveys to collect data from teachers at the school. The questionnaires focused on leadership styles implemented by the principal and teachers' perceptions of their performance and competence. The results demonstrate that the school principal's leadership style significantly influences teacher performance and competence. Leadership styles emphasizing teacher empowerment, effective communication, and support for professional development contribute to enhanced overall teacher performance and competence. Additionally, inspiring leadership and fostering a positive working climate further improve teacher performance and competence. The research emphasizes the crucial role of school principals in creating a conducive learning environment and motivating teachers to innovate and collaborate. Effective leadership goes beyond managerial aspects and extends to human resource development. The implications of the study are vital for school administrators, especially principals, to adopt more effective leadership strategies to enhance teacher performance and competence. Furthermore, this research enriches the academic knowledge in the field of education, specifically the relationship between school principal leadership styles and teacher performance and competence. Further studies could delve deeper into the factors affecting teacher performance and competence at MTs Azzainiyyah Nagrog. Exploring optimal school principal leadership development for better educational outcomes remains an area of interest for future investigation.

Laviana Aunil Malik; Binti Maunah

Journal of Creative Student Research 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Teaching and learning activities are basically a process of communication carried out between teachers and students, in which both of them exchange ideas. aims to increase students' interest in learning, and to explore this matter more deeply, the researcher formulates the research focus as follows: 1) How is the interest in learning social studies for class VIII students at MTs Miftahul Huda Ngunut Tulungagung, 2) What are the steps for using animated video media in learning, 3) What are the implications of applying animated video media? This research is a research using descriptive qualitative research methods. The location of this research is MTs Miftahul Huda Ngunut Tulungagung. The results of the study are as follows, 1) Students' interest in social studies learning is influenced by the classroom atmosphere and the learning media used. 2) The use of learning media is very necessary in every lesson, 3) The use of animated videos in learning, 4) As a teacher, you have to be creative and innovative. 5) The use of video animation is able to overcome the limitations of the senses, space and time. 6) Animated video media can motivate students to increase student learning interest. 7) The teacher's attention to students with different abilities, both more and less, is of course different, so that all of their students are able to be equal and complete learning well according to the lesson plan standards.

Annisa Al Dhira Jahra; Jelwita Waruwu; Bambang Hartanto

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2023 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

Vowel series and consonant series are concepts in phonology that are important in Indonesian. Vowel series and consonant series affect the structure of syllables in Indonesian. Vowel series consist of vowels that line up in two different syllables, while consonant series consist of a combination of two consonants found on different syllables, albeit side by side. Both of these concepts are important to learn in Indonesian phonology learning because they can help understand the structure of syllables and phenomena such as consonant clusters and clusters. In addition, research on vowel series and consonant series in Indonesian can help enrich knowledge about Indonesian and improve Indonesian learning in the future. However, the findings may provide a deeper understanding of the structure of syllables in Indonesian, the use of language in literary works, and its impact on artistic expression and meaning in poetry. Implications of these findings could include the development of phonological theories Indonesian, the development of better Indonesian teaching guidelines, and broader application in literature and linguistics.

Ngangga Saputra; Misnawati Misnawati; Siti Muslimah; Anwarsani Anwarsani; Siti Rahmawati +1 more

Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Budaya, dan Pengajarannya 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The purpose of this research is to describe the forms of language style in the Central Kalimantan folktales by the 10th-grade students of SMAN I Damang Batu and to investigate their implications for literature learning in high schools. The research technique used was qualitative descriptive research with content analysis. Based on the analysis conducted by the author, the research findings revealed the existence of language style in the Central Kalimantan folktales by the 10th-grade students of SMAN I Damang Batu, namely emotive language style with four quotes, connotative meaning with four quotes, hyperbole with four quotes, metaphor with five quotes, and personification with five quotes. Therefore, the dominant language style used in the Central Kalimantan folktales by the 10th-grade students of SMAN I Damang Batu is the metaphor and personification style.