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Physical and cognitive development in middle childhood undergoes many significant changes. Children at this age develop problem-solving skills, abstract thinking, and language development in cognitive aspects. They have the ability to understand the concepts of time and space, as well as improve their reading and writing skills. At this stage, physical development includes rapid body growth, muscle strengthening, and improved motor coordination. Children usually experience rapid height growth and organ development. Physical activities and activities involving movement are becoming increasingly important for achieving an optimal level of physical fitness. These two components are interrelated, and good physical health can support cognitive development. Positive simulations, environmental factors, and education also played an important role in shaping the holistic development of the time.        

This paper aims abnalyze The physical and psychosocial development of children and adolescents is a broad topic and complex. Children begin to develop the ability to think, learn, and remember, and begin to develop the ability to control emotions and interact with people other. In adolescence, individuals experience a transition between childhood and adulthood adult life is characterized by biological growth and development and psychological. Children's physical and psychosocial development of adolescents can begin with an explanation of the importance of understanding physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence. Matter This is because this period is a very important period in a person's life, in where many significant changes and developments occurred. Additionally, understanding of Physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence is also very important for parents, teachers and health workers in providing appropriate care and upbringing. Physical development during childhood and adolescence includes growth and development of body organs, nervous system, and motor abilities. Meanwhile development Psychosocial includes emotional, social and cognitive development. During childhood, Physical and psychosocial development is greatly influenced by the environment and upbringing accepted. Meanwhile, during adolescence, physical and psychosocial development is influenced by internal and external factors, such as hormonal changes, social environment, and pressure from friends peer. In discussing children's physical development and adolescent psychosocial development, it needs to be emphasized that each individual has different developments, depending on factors which influences it.

The purpose of this research is to provide suggestions to help students become more disciplined. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Teachers and students at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara were used as research subjects. We used interview and observation techniques to collect data. Research findings include the strategy for developing discipline at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara as follows: making a mission statement, vision statement and educational goals. regardless of the rules that apply at school. Because developing superior discipline requires applying that discipline both in the classroom and outside the classroom. The discipline of the children of SMA N Tanjung Mutiara is proof of the successful implementation and results of the program. grows in terms of self-control in behavior and friendships and study habits. There are more people who apply discipline well at school than those who don't, but there are still many people who do not apply discipline according to the school's wishes.

This research explores Efforts to increase Braille literacy and daily living skills in blind children through an inclusive education approach. By collaborating with special education institutions, we design innovative learning methods to strengthen Braille literacy understanding and increase the independence of blind children in daily activities. The research results show that this approach has succeeded in having a positive impact on the holistic development of blind children, enabling them to be more active and independent in society.

This research explores the intricate relationship between digital citizenship, moral development, and family-based character education, focusing on integrating technology. Employing a library research approach and descriptive analysis method, the study delves into existing literature to investigate the impact of technology-based interventions on parental influences in shaping children's ethical decision-making in the digital age. The research addresses three primary questions: (1) How does incorporating technology in family-oriented character education programs impact children's formation and reinforcement of moral values and digital citizenship skills compared to traditional methods? (2) What are the key challenges and opportunities families face when leveraging technology for character education, and how do these factors influence the effectiveness of moral development within the familial environment? (3) In what ways do parental involvement and modelling of digital behaviours shape children's ethical decision-making and online conduct, and how can technology-based interventions enhance or alter these parental influences on their children's moral development and digital citizenship? Through a comprehensive review of theoretical frameworks, empirical studies, and technology integration models, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of character education within the digital landscape.

During childhood, the development of a child involves several key aspects. Firstly, the physical development aspect encompasses the skeletal and muscular systems, as well as the development of motor skills. Secondly, health and safety become important focuses by providing adequate physical exercise to meet national targets and prevent children's inactivity. The processing of information and intelligence in cognitive development emphasizes repetition, organization, comparison, and the emergence of information. The division of intelligence into emotional and spiritual intelligence provides an additional dimension to understanding child development. Piaget's approach, particularly the concrete operational stage, describes a phase in which children use operations and logical reasoning in concrete situations. Lastly, in cognitive development, language becomes an important tool for communication, both in oral and sign forms.

Abstract. Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum with a focus on the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) has become a major concern in the world of education since 2022. This research aims to understand the implementation of P5 in the UNP Laboratory Development Kindergarten, focusing on the topics of implementation, objectives, benefits, advantages, and evaluation. The research method involves collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research results show that the implementation of P5 in the UNP Laboratory Development Kindergarten has had a positive impact in increasing understanding of the values ​​of Pancasila, introducing local culture, and forming character and environmental awareness in kindergarten children. Evaluation of P5 activities is carried out through learning management and involving active participation from the surrounding community. In conclusion, the implementation of P5 in the UNP Laboratory Development Kindergarten makes a positive contribution to improving the quality of learning, building student character, and community participation and empowerment. The suggestion proposed is the need for cooperation between teachers, P5 coordinators, and parents of students to better adapt the P5 program.

This journal discusses cognitive development during early childhood. The aim of writing the journal is to find out how cognitive development occurs during early childhood, the advantages of cognitive development during early childhood, as well as language abilities and other cognitive abilities. The method used is literature study, namely by searching for materials and references from books, journals and articles. The results show that the early childhood period is called preoperational, this period starts from the age of 2 to 7 years. Preoperational uses symbols, categorization, and numbers. Other cognitive abilities are life, death, bodily functions, space, weight, numbers, time, social impressions, beauty and cuteness.

Early age is the initial phase of a child's development which will determine development in the next phase. Child development in the early phase is divided into 4 aspects of functional abilities, namely gross motor skills, fine motor skills and vision, speech and language, and social emotions and behavior.  If there is a deficiency in one aspect of this ability, it can affect the development of other aspects.  This research uses a critical review method, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles and other media.  The main goal of this approach is to improve the reader's understanding and interpretation skills in the context of early childhood development, as well as offering a critical assessment of the material reviewed.  In addition, a critical review requires identifying important topics in the literature, analyzing the methodology used, and evaluating the strengths and limitations of the sources studied.  Socialization development is the development needed in training children's socialization of their environment. Cognitive development in early childhood is called the pre-operational stage.  At this stage stable concepts are formed, mental reasoning appears, egocentrism begins to strengthen, and belief in magical things is formed. According to Jean Piaget, moral development, early childhood is characterized by 'morality through coercion'.

Late childhood or what is known as elementary school age (SD) is a period of life development that lasts from the age of six until a child moves into adolescence and becomes sexually mature. The end of childhood is marked by dominant situations that can influence the child's personal adjustment and social adjustment. The research uses a critical review method by reading various books, journals or other publications related to the research topic discussed. The journals chosen consist of national and international journals, as well as several official websites. The research source comes from articles obtained via the internet in the form of research articles discussing late childhood development. The research results are as follows; a) Cognitive development is a person's ability to acquire, process and use information obtained from the surrounding environment b) Piaget and named the second level of moral development at the end of childhood as the level of conventional morality or morality from conventional rules and adjustments. c) Implications for children's end-of-life development in counseling services which aim to help them get to know themselves, develop their potential, overcome difficulties, and prepare children's mental and social development, as well as overcome problems experienced by children such as obstacles, disturbances and difficulties.

The excessive use of gadgets can be interfere in children's development, especially in preschool children. Children who are accustomed to overusing gadgets will have an impact on their emotional development. The aims of this study is  to determine the relationship between gadgets uses on emotional development in preschool age children in RA Character Assalam Manado. This is analytical descriptive research method with the cross sectional design. The sample of respondents in this study was 52 people using Total Sampling. Data collection using questionnaire sheets. In analysis using Chi-Square with Continuity Correction α ≤ 0,05. Results of the study were obtained: Out of 52 there were 32 (61,5%) parents having children with good emotional development; 34 (65.4%) parent having children using gadgets with an abnormal duration (> 1 hour/day), There was a significant relationship between gadget use and emotional developments in preschool age children in RA Character Assalam Manado. The conclusion in this study; there is a relationship between gadgets use and emotional development in preschool children at RA Character Assalam Manado. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested the teachers at the school should be able to coordinate with the student parents to more understanding the impact of the gadget use on the children emotional development.

Late childhood development is a continuation of early childhood. This period lasts from the age of 6 until the child becomes sexually mature. The beginning of late childhood is marked by the child's entry into the first grade of elementary school which is an important event for the child that can lead to changes in attitudes, values and behavior. In education, it can be adjusted by compiling materials, methods, facilities, and tools that are in accordance with the situation and conditions of the students. For parents, the growth and development of children and the service model will be known so that children can undergo developmental tasks and adapt to their environment well. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the characteristics of the end of childhood, analyze the developmental tasks of the end of childhood, and identify physical development at the end of childhood. Using the literature study method with an approach that involves analyzing relevant literature or information sources. In conclusion, the characteristics of development in late childhood, namely: a. Emotional development such as heightened emotions, the beginning of emotional catharsis, forming gangs of children; b. Game patterns such as exploring, constructive play, watching TV; c. Common offenses often occur such as fighting with siblings, shirking responsibilities, telling false lies. Physical development in late childhood includes: Height and weight, Motor development, Body ratio, Simplicity, Muscle-fat ratio, Teeth.

Adolescence is the period of puberty. Children experience growth and development especially in friendship. This friendship leads to feelings of liking for the opposite sex which is called courtship. Dating in the sense of special friendship between young men and women in principle has a good purpose to get to know each other's personalities. But this good intention is sometimes tainted by the irregularities that occur in the courtship process. This deviation occurs because of the wrong concept of dating as well as the moral decline among teenagers. This study uses a qualitative approach with the aim of knowing the morality of dating among adolescents at SMA Negeri I Mandrehe. The research findings are as follows: In general, respondents have received education and assistance from teachers and parents about how to interpret courtship. Even so, some of them have not interpreted courtship precisely. In fact, some of them had bad experiences in dating. Some of them openly share their dating experiences with their parents.    

Conclusions from initial observations, it appears that foster children show a number of personality traits that are not in line with the expected cooperative attitude and religious values. From the perspective of religious values and mutual cooperation, this research aims to explain character education initiatives as well as supporting and inhibiting factors. In the research design, qualitative descriptive methods will be used. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. Displaying data and making conclusions from data analysis through reduction. Based on the research results, the task of the Aishiya Putri Orphanage is to teach religious principles, character education, and cooperative behavior to its foster children through the use of policies, procedures, guidelines, and punishments that can help foster cooperative behavior and religious character. The analysis and conclusions of this research center on the contribution made by cooperative orphanages to the development of the younger generation as a whole by offering character education as well as faith-based correctional and rehabilitation services. However, both motivational and disincentive elements have an impact on character education initiatives.

The development of a religious spirit in children is an early development even before childhood and they receive religious education. This research aims to find out how the religious spirit develops in children aged 2-4 years. This research is a type of research that uses qualitative methods and involves library study methods. Data collection techniques used interview methods and literature research. This research discusses the religious spirit or development of the religious spirit in children aged 2-4 years. The results of this research show that the children interviewed who were 4 years old had good development of their religious spirit and already knew a lot about religion from simple things.

Impaired growth and development can occur if nutrition in infancy and children is not fulfilled and is not treated early. Fulfillment of nutritional needs in infants, especially in infants aged 6-12 months where at this time babies are introduced to food, or termed MP-ASI, you should pay attention to several things such as the nutritional content of the ingredients used, administration according to nutritional needs, can be well received by the baby's digestion, preferably produced from local ingredients and is dense in nutrition. Knowledge about nutritional intake patterns is needed by every mother, so that the baby's nutritional needs can be optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge about nutritional intake patterns and weight gain for babies aged 6-12 months at the Keritang Hulu Health Center, Kemuning District. The results of the study showed that 29 mothers (72.5%) had good nutritional patterns and 29 mothers (100%) had weight gain. However, there were 11 mothers who had poor nutritional patterns (27.5%) and all of these mothers' babies did not experience weight gain (100%). the results of the statistical chi-square test that has been carried out show a Pvalue (> 0.05), namely 0.000. The research hypothesis states that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge about nutritional intake patterns and weight gain for infants aged 6-12 months at the Keritang Hulu Health Center, Kemuning District, in 2023. Conclusion Sufficient knowledge about nutritional patterns will have an impact on infant weight gain. It is hoped that all mothers who have babies will be able to find more information about how good nutritional patterns are for babies aged 6-12 months so that they have an impact on optimal baby growth and development according to the baby's age.

Abstract. In normal growth and development, a child will see changes in the size of the body's organs (physical) as the child gets older. Body sizes will increase, both those that are visible such as feet, hands, body height and so on, and those that are not visible such as the heart, lungs, muscles and so on. At the same time, changes are also experienced in the spiritual/mental field, namely increasing the ability to observe, remember, feel, and so on, in line with the physical growth mentioned above, so that a healthy soul will develop in accordance with healthy physical growth as well. The research method is by comparing research methods, processing methods, and the results obtained from each article. The research source comes from articles obtained via the internet in the form of research articles discussing early childhood development. The research results show that the conclusions of the factors that influence the development of western and Islamic psychological perspectives are heredity, environment and God's provisions. In western psychology, emphasis is placed on factors such as heredity and environment in understanding individual development, while in Islamic psychology, the factor of Allah's provisions is also considered very important.  

Early childhood plays an important role in forming the basis of development, which involves stimulation of various aspects such as moral religious values, social emotional, language, cognitive, and physical motor skills. The concept of early childhood learning is focused on play, where every activity is designed to be play, so that learning becomes more effective. Parents also need to understand today's children's education to interact with children positively. This research focuses on sentiment analysis of children's education-based app reviews on the Google Play Store, using Random Forest and Logistic Regression methods. The review data is taken from three apps with the theme of child development, namely "About Kids", "PrimaKu", and "Teman Bumil", with a range of review years between 2018 and 2023. The test results show that Logistic Regression has higher accuracy compared to Random Forest, especially in the "About Kids" and "PrimaKu" applications with accuracy above 90%. The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of sentiment analysis in improving understanding of user responses to children's education applications, with suggestions for future research to increase the number of datasets and variations in testing schemes by tuning hyperparameters to improve prediction accuracy and more optimal results.

Abstract. The baby's social emotional development must be a parent's main goal, because if social emotional development does not go well it will affect and hinder other developments such as psychomotor, emotional and other baby development. This research uses a method called critical review, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles, and other media. The main goal of this approach is to improve readers' comprehension and interpretation skills in the field of early childhood development. Infancy is a time of rapid growth and change, infancy is a time of reduced dependency. The developmental tasks of infancy throughout the life span are, learning to eat solid food, learning to walk, learning to talk, learning to control the elimination of body waste, learning sexual differences and procedures, preparing to read, and learning to distinguish right from wrong, and starting to develop conscience. The development of patterns in the changes experienced by individuals since they were still in the womb over a certain life span, namely, weight, height, physical proportions, bones, muscles and fat, body shape, teeth, nervous system, and development of the sense organs. The psychological function of infancy is the period of formation of fundamental psychological patterns for eating, sleeping, and toileting, although the formation of these habits may not be complete by the end of infancy.

The aim of this research is to find out how parental involvement influences the provision of guidance and counseling consultation services. Family is the first and most important social environment for a child. Parental guidance, love, and supervision can contribute to the development of children's self-confidence and academic success. To deal with children's problems effectively, counselors, educators and parents must work synergistically. An additional strategy to encourage this collaboration is to offer parent consultation services. This can help parents strengthen their bonds with their children, offer wise guidance, and realize the impact of love on family growth. To increase collaboration between counselors, educators and parents in dealing with children's problems, it can be concluded that parent consultation services are an important strategy.