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This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students caused by the lack of learning activities involving students, as the learning process is still centered on the teacher. This makes students less active in participating in learning. This study aims to describe the improvement in student learning outcomes in Pancasila and Citizenship Education learning using the Inquiry model assisted by audio-visual media in class IV of SDN 16 Padang Besi, Padang City. The type of research used is classroom action research (CAR) with qualitative and quantitative approaches, carried out in two cycles. The research procedure consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data obtained are related to learning outcomes using the Inquiry model assisted by audio-visual media. Data collection techniques include observation, tests, and non-tests. The research subjects involved class teachers as observers, researchers as practitioners, and 26 class IV students. The results of the study show that: first, the cycle I teaching module obtained an average of 85.3% (B), increasing in cycle II to 95% (SB). Second, the implementation results of the teacher's learning aspects in cycle I reached 82% (B), increasing in cycle II to 96% (SB). Third, the implementation results of the students' learning aspects in cycle I were 82% (B), increasing to 96% (SB) in cycle II. Fourth, the average student learning outcomes in cycle I were 77 (C), increasing to 89 (B) in cycle II. Thus, it can be concluded that the Inquiry model can improve student learning outcomes in Pancasila and Citizenship Education learning.

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students caused by the lack of learning activities involving students, as the learning process is still centered on the teacher. This makes students less active in participating in learning. This study aims to describe the improvement in student learning outcomes in Pancasila and Citizenship Education learning using the Inquiry model assisted by audio-visual media in class IV of SDN 16 Padang Besi, Padang City. The type of research used is classroom action research (CAR) with qualitative and quantitative approaches, carried out in two cycles. The research procedure consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data obtained are related to learning outcomes using the Inquiry model assisted by audio-visual media. Data collection techniques include observation, tests, and non-tests. The research subjects involved class teachers as observers, researchers as practitioners, and 26 class IV students. The results of the study show that: first, the cycle I teaching module obtained an average of 85.3% (B), increasing in cycle II to 95% (SB). Second, the implementation results of the teacher's learning aspects in cycle I reached 82% (B), increasing in cycle II to 96% (SB). Third, the implementation results of the students' learning aspects in cycle I were 82% (B), increasing to 96% (SB) in cycle II. Fourth, the average student learning outcomes in cycle I were 77 (C), increasing to 89 (B) in cycle II. Thus, it can be concluded that the Inquiry model can improve student learning outcomes in Pancasila and Citizenship Education learning.

This research seeks to examine how changes in citizenship influence the legal validity of marriage, emphasizing both juridical aspects and practical implications. In an era of globalization and increased international mobility, the phenomenon of changing or losing citizenship has become more frequent. The legal consequences of such changes for marital validity represent a crucial area that demands comprehensive analysis, particularly in relation to national and international marriage laws. The study combines an international literature review with empirical data and legal analysis derived from the works of Mr. Mustain, a lecturer at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta. Findings reveal that a shift in citizenship can alter the legal standing of a marriage, generate legal ambiguities, and influence family rights such as child custody and inheritance. To address these issues, regulatory harmonization, the proactive engagement of religious authorities, and legal reform at the national level are essential to ensure adequate legal protection for couples undergoing citizenship transitions. Employing a library research method with a qualitative-normative approach, this study analyzes statutory provisions, judicial rulings, and relevant scholarly sources. The findings underscore that citizenship alteration may impact the legality of marriage, particularly when legal systems differ between the country of origin and the newly acquired nationality. In summary, citizenship changes can lead to legal uncertainty regarding marital validity, underscoring the need for legal harmonization and clear protective frameworks for affected couples. This research thus contributes significantly to the discourse on marriage law and citizenship policy development.

Regional budget management constitutes a critical foundation for achieving good governance in the era of decentralization and regional autonomy. This article comprehensively examines the pivotal role of accountability and transparency as essential instruments in enhancing the quality of regional budget governance. Employing a qualitative research methodology through systematic literature review and policy analysis, this study investigates the conceptual framework, implementation mechanisms, and practical implications of accountability and transparency principles in regional financial management. The findings reveal that robust implementation of accountability mechanisms—including financial reporting systems, internal and external oversight, and performance measurement—coupled with comprehensive transparency practices through information disclosure, public participation, and digital technology utilization, significantly contribute to strengthening institutional legitimacy, enhancing budget allocation efficiency, and preventing corruption. The research identifies that accountability is operationalized through multiple layers including legal compliance, procedural adherence, program effectiveness, and policy justification, while transparency manifests through open access to budget documents, participatory planning processes, and technology-enabled information systems. However, the study also uncovers substantial implementation challenges encompassing limited human resource capacity in financial management, inadequate inter-agency coordination, varying levels of public financial literacy and participation, and disparities in technological infrastructure between urban and rural areas. These challenges necessitate a multi-dimensional approach to reform. The article proposes evidence-based policy recommendations including systematic capacity building programs for government apparatus, strengthening regulatory frameworks with effective enforcement mechanisms, community empowerment through financial literacy initiatives, strategic investment in integrated digital platforms, and fostering collaborative partnerships among government institutions, legislative bodies, oversight agencies, civil society organizations, and citizens.

Digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of public service delivery worldwide, with e-government emerging as a critical mechanism for enhancing government efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of e-government implementation in Indonesia, examining the trajectory of digital transformation in public services, the institutional frameworks supporting this transition, and the multifaceted impacts on service quality and governance outcomes. Through systematic literature review and critical policy analysis, this research explores the evolution of Indonesia's e-government initiatives from early adoption to current comprehensive digital service platforms, investigating both successes and persistent challenges. The findings reveal that Indonesia has made substantial progress in developing e-government infrastructure and applications across national and local government levels, with notable achievements including integrated digital identity systems, online business licensing platforms, and citizen complaint management systems. These initiatives have demonstrably improved service accessibility, reduced processing times, minimized corruption opportunities, and enhanced government responsiveness. However, implementation remains uneven across regions and government institutions, constrained by factors including digital infrastructure disparities, limited digital literacy among citizens and officials, organizational resistance to change, inadequate interoperability between systems, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The research identifies critical success factors for effective e-government implementation including strong leadership commitment, adequate resource allocation, comprehensive capacity building programs, citizen-centric design principles, robust legal frameworks, and collaborative partnerships between government, private sector, and civil society.

This research looks into the transparency and accountability in the promotion process for civil servants at the Regional Civil Service Agency (BKD) of Sidoarjo Regency as a component of the continual bureaucratic reform aimed at achieving clean and professional governance. Overall, the promotion process has embraced the digital-based Sidoarjo Smart ASN system and adheres to the merit principle, although obstacles persist in achieving completely transparent and accountable practices. The study centers on four key areas: transparency of public information, responsibility in decision-making, the validity of the merit system, and the efficiency of internal oversight and citizen engagement. A qualitative descriptive method utilizing a case study approach was employed, incorporating in-depth interviews, direct observations, and the analysis of official documents. The results indicate that transparency continues to be administrative in character, accountability is focused vertically instead of being horizontally accountable to the public, and the merit system encounters challenges linked to bureaucratic culture and the integration of competency data. Additionally, internal oversight does not have enough community engagement in assessing promotion procedures. The research suggests improving transparency via interactive publishing, establishing accountability systems based on performance, boosting independent evaluation capabilities, and incorporating digital oversight tools with public engagement. These results are anticipated to provide a basis for creating a civil service management model at the regional government level that is more transparent, accountable, and grounded in integrity.

Marriages between Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals present complex legal challenges, particularly regarding the citizenship status of children born within such unions. This research explores the legal tension between Indonesia’s Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 and Citizenship Law No. 12 of 2006, which adopt different approaches to the inheritance of nationality and the safeguarding of children’s rights. Employing a normative juridical method, the study examines statutory regulations, judicial rulings, and scholarly legal works, supported by a comparative analysis of practices in other jurisdictions. The results demonstrate that although the 2006 Citizenship Law introduced the notion of limited dual citizenship for minors, the family unity principle maintained in the Marriage Law creates procedural ambiguities especially in matters of registration and the age threshold for citizenship determination. Such inconsistencies often give rise to administrative barriers that may place children at risk of statelessness. The study argues that aligning the two legal frameworks is imperative to achieve legal certainty and uphold the best interests of the child, consistent with international conventions ratified by Indonesia. It further suggests amending overlapping provisions and improving administrative mechanisms to ensure more coherent and effective citizenship protection for children of mixed marriages.

Improving the quality of public services is one of the key objectives in village governance. To achieve this goal, the implementation of good governance principles is highly relevant, as it ensures that services are delivered in a transparent, accountable, responsive, and citizen-oriented manner. This study aims to analyze the influence of good governance on the quality of public services at the Barangmamase Village Office, Sajanging District, Wajo Regency. The research employed a census method by involving the entire population as the research sample. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and documentation, while the data analysis technique applied was descriptive analysis to illustrate the actual conditions in the field. The findings indicate that the implementation of good governance, according to respondents, is categorized as good, and the quality of public services is also categorized as good. Furthermore, quantitative analysis shows that good governance has a strong and positive influence on public service delivery. This implies that the better the implementation of good governance principles, the higher the level of public satisfaction with the services provided. The study emphasizes the importance of consistently applying the principles of transparency, accountability, participation, and effectiveness to improve the quality of public services at the village level. These findings are expected to serve as a useful reference for village governments and future researchers in developing further studies on the relationship between governance practices and community satisfaction in the context of public service delivery.

This study examines the institutional discourse and administrative practices of the Secretariat of the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD) in the newly established province of Southwest Papua, Indonesia. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis approach, the research analyzes a corpus of official documents produced between 2022 and 2025, with particular attention to how the principles of good governance—transparency, accountability, participation, and effectiveness—are reflected and operationalized in a transitional bureaucratic setting. The findings reveal that while procedural transparency and organizational effectiveness are relatively well-articulated in formal documents, mechanisms for accountability and citizen participation remain underdeveloped and largely symbolic. This indicates that the new administrative structures are still in the process of consolidating practices that meaningfully incorporate civic engagement. The study further identifies significant patterns of institutional isomorphism, wherein bureaucratic templates, legal frameworks, and administrative routines from older provincial governments are mimicked and reproduced. Although such imitation provides a sense of stability and legitimacy, it may come at the expense of local relevance and the incorporation of context-specific innovations. In particular, reliance on inherited bureaucratic models risks marginalizing indigenous governance traditions and community-driven practices that could enhance inclusivity and responsiveness. The analysis underscores the performative and symbolic dimensions of governance during periods of institutional formation, highlighting the tension between adopting established administrative norms and fostering context-sensitive practices tailored to the realities of frontier provinces. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the value of document analysis in capturing governance dynamics where field access is limited, politically sensitive, or constrained by security issues. The study concludes by offering practical recommendations: strengthening participatory frameworks to ensure more substantive public involvement, integrating indigenous governance values to enhance legitimacy, and designing flexible policy models that can adapt to the unique sociopolitical challenges of Southwest Papua. In doing so, the research contributes both to the broader scholarship on governance in post-conflict and frontier regions and to the practical debates on institutional development in Indonesia’s newest province.

Higher education is a scientific institution which has the task of carrying out education and teaching above secondary level as well as providing education and teaching based on Indonesian national culture in a scientific manner. Sexual harassment behavior is an act of harassment that can occur directly or indirectly. Where the action involves another person in unwanted sexual activity, either verbally, or actions carried out by someone to control or manipulate another person. In general, the perpetrator of sexual harassment feels that he has power that can dominate the victim, and instills that there is nothing the victim can do, because the perpetrator has certain power. Sexual harassment on campus occurs due to a legal vacuum in preventing, handling and protecting victims of sexual harassment in the tertiary environment. In cases of sexual harassment that occur among students, it can occur due to a lack of education and counseling regarding sexual activity, it can also be caused by environmental factors where the perpetrator of the harassment feels they have the opportunity to carry out acts of harassment in the university environment. This research was conducted using qualitative methods which included observation, in-depth interviews, researchers have explored the nuances and complexities related to these issues, and researchers are ready to understand perceptions and anticipatory strategies regarding whether or not the Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) study program can help in handling sexual harassment by PPKn students at FKIP Mulawarman University.

The aim of this research is to determine and analyze: 1) The influence of the principal's Servant Leadership on the Performance of Public Elementary School Teachers in Gandus District. 2) The influence of teacher competency on state elementary school teachers in Gandus District. 3) The Influence of Citizenship Behavior on the Performance of Public Elementary School Teachers in Gandus District. And 4) The simultaneous influence of the Principal's Servant Leadership, Teacher Competency and Citizenship Behavior on the Performance of Public Elementary School Teachers in Gandus District, Palembang City. This research uses quantitative methods with a correlational approach. The research sample consisted of 122 teachers from state elementary schools in Gandus District. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression using the SPSS version 26 application. The results of the research showed that there was a positive and significant influence both partially and simultaneously between the Principal's Servant Leadership, Teacher Competence and Citizenship Behavior on Teacher Performance. The magnitude of the influence of these three independent variables on teacher performance simultaneously is 78.9%, while the remaining 21.1% is influenced by other variables not examined in this research.

Practical Lectures and Community Service (KPPM) is a form of student service required by IAKN Tarutung, which is carried out in semester VI and lasts for three months. This program aims to improve community welfare and make the nation's life smarter through social activities that use science and technology. In pasaribu Village, doloksanggul District, KPPM activities are carried out with the aim of increasing children's learning motivation through private tutoring programs, encouraging a spirit of mutual cooperation with the community, and holding healthy exercise with PKK mothers. The research method used involved two main stages: initial observation to identify educational problems in schools, and implementation of a free private tutoring program every Friday for 60 minutes for elementary school children. Apart from that, mutual cooperation activities and healthy exercise with PKK mothers were carried out as part of efforts to improve community welfare and health.The results of KPPM activities show that private tutoring has succeeded in increasing children's interest and motivation in learning in pasaribu Village. An interactive learning approach adapted to school subjects helps children understand the material more easily. Mutual cooperation carried out with the community shows an increase in togetherness and citizen participation in social activities. Meanwhile, regularly held healthy exercise improves the fitness and health of PKK women, as well as strengthening social relations between them. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes the important role of students in serving society through education, health and other social activities. The KPPM program in pasaribu Village has succeeded in creating positive change by involving all levels of society in a joint effort to improve welfare and education.

Background: Government administration plays a crucial role in delivering public services and implementing policies effectively. However, many developing countries face significant challenges in administrative capacity, bureaucratic efficiency, and service delivery quality. Objective: This study aims to analyze the key factors contributing to administrative weaknesses in government and propose a comprehensive framework for strengthening government administration to improve public service delivery and governance effectiveness. Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining literature review, case study analysis, and expert interviews. Data was collected from 150 government officials across three administrative levels (national, regional, and local) and analyzed using thematic analysis and statistical methods. Results: The study identified five critical areas for administrative strengthening: (1) Human resource development and capacity building, (2) Digital transformation and technology integration, (3) Process optimization and bureaucratic reform, (4) Performance management systems, and (5) Citizen engagement mechanisms. Implementation of these components showed significant improvements in service delivery efficiency (p < 0.001) and citizen satisfaction scores (p < 0.01). Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to strengthening government administration requires coordinated efforts across multiple dimensions. The proposed framework provides a roadmap for systematic administrative reform that can enhance governance effectiveness and public service quality.

The objective of this research is to assess the use of discovery learning techniques in enhancing students' engagement and critical thinking abilities in Pancasila and Citizenship Education courses. Discovery learning is a teaching method that encourages students to learn on their own by observing, exploring, and verifying what they learn. The study's findings suggest that the implementation of discovery learning may enhance students' engagement in debates, facilitate inquiry, and encourage the expression of viewpoints. Also, students' critical thinking abilities became better because they could examine material, come to conclusions, and solve issues in a logical way. However, there were several problems with its use, such as not having enough time, students being at different levels of preparation, and problems with managing the classroom. With careful preparation, good time management, and a lot of help for students, these problems may be solved. The discovery learning technique has been shown to be beneficial in enhancing the quality of learning. It is also particularly useful for helping students become active, critical thinkers who can solve issues on their own.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the legal status of children born from marriages of different nationalities in the perspective of Indonesian Civil Law and Islamic Law. This research is important because children born from mixed marriages are entitled to protection of their legal status in order to maintain the continuity of life, legal position and civil interests. The research method used is normative juridical legal research with qualitative data types in the form of secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials relevant to the topic of this research and data collection techniques using library research or literature studies with legal material analysis techniques using descriptive analysis methods. The results of this study state that the law of marriage between different nationalities in the perspective of Indonesian civil law and Islamic law raises problems with the law of marriage itself as well as the legal status, civil rights and citizenship rights of children. In the perspective of Indonesian civil law and Islamic law, the law of marriage of different nationalities is a valid marriage and the legal status of the child is a legitimate child, the civil rights of children from marriages of different nationalities are the same as children in general and the legal status of the child's citizenship as an Indonesian citizen follows the citizenship of the father or mother who is an Indonesian citizen and can also have dual citizenship until he is 18 years old or married, after which the child must declare choosing one of his citizenship.

The rejection of isbat nikah applications in religious court practice, particularly in the context of polygamy, is a complex issue with far-reaching implications for the legal status of marriage, the rights of wives and children, and legal certainty. This study aims to analyze the legal considerations of the panel of judges in rejecting the application for isbat nikah polygamy at the Kwandang Religious Court and to examine the legal consequences arising from the rejection. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a case approach, which is analyzed based on primary data in the form of court decisions and interviews with judges and related parties, and secondary data in the form of legal literature, legislation, and relevant legal journals. The results show that the rejection of polygamous marriage isbat nikah applications is generally caused by the non-fulfillment of substantive requirements as stipulated in Pasal 4 and 5 of Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 concerning Marriage jo. Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), such as the absence of permission from the first wife or the lack of proof of the reasons that allow polygamy. The legal consequences of this rejection include the formal non-recognition of the legal status of the second marriage, which has an impact on the non-fulfillment of the civil rights of the second wife and the children born, such as inheritance rights and citizenship status. This study recommends the need to strengthen legal education to the community as well as harmonization between state law and religious law to ensure the legal protection of women and children in the context of polygamy.

Citizens' rights and obligations are the main pillars in building a balanced and just national and state life. In the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, rights and obligations are strictly regulated to ensure the creation of order, welfare, and active participation of citizens in national development. However, in its implementation, there are still inequalities, especially the lack of public awareness of the implementation of obligations, such as obedience to the law, defending the country, and respecting the rights of others. This study aims to examine how the implementation of citizens' rights and obligations takes place and their impact on community, national, and state life. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that there is a need to strengthen civic education, increase exemplary behavior from the government, and enforce fair law in order to create a balance between rights and obligations according to the mandate of the 1945 Constitution. Collective awareness between the government and citizens is very necessary in order to achieve a democratic and civilized life order. 

This study aims to analyze the availability of data centers and regional promotion needs in supporting e-government implementation through the Family Information System Application (SIGA) at BKKBN Gorontalo Province. It also assesses how SIGA and its integrated dialog features contribute to public services. The findings indicate that data input in SIGA has reached 100%, covering family planning services, field supervision, and families at risk of stunting, both in monthly and annual reports. However, this completeness does not fully reflect field realities, particularly regarding youth groups outside formal education who remain underdocumented. Despite this, SIGA data has become a reference for regional health information policy development. Overall, SIGA has improved public service efficiency through fast, accurate, and timely data delivery. Yet, the system remains limited in providing interactive, two-way communication between government and citizens. This study recommends enhancing SIGA’s dialog function and engaging underrepresented community groups to support inclusive and responsive public services.

Elections are a fundamental element of democratic systems, granting citizens te political right to vote and be elected. This study aims to compare the implementation of citizens’ political right in elections under presidential and parliamentary democracy systems. The research method used is normative/doctrinal/library research. This study analyzes the differences in the exercise of political rights in both systems and their impact on the quality of democracy and citizen participation. The findings indicate that the presidential system allows voters to directly elect the head of state, providing strong legitimacy but posing a risk of political deadlock. In contrast, the parliamentary system emphasizes the election of parliament members, who then determine the head of government, offering flexibility but potentially leading to political instability. This study concludes that both systems have advantages and challenges in ensuring citizens’ political rights. Therefore, mechanisms should be developed to enhance political participation and ensure more democratic and inclusive elections.  

The research aims to find out the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers in increasing student awareness of the impact of bullying behavior at SMA Negeri 1 Pebayuran, Bekasi Regency, West Java. The research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews. The informants in this study consisted of six people, namely the deputy principal for curriculum, two PPKn teachers, and three students (one male and two female). The interviews were conducted directly to obtain in-depth information about the role of PPKn teachers in educating and forming students' awareness of the negative impact of bullying. The results of the study show that PPKn teachers have an important role in improving students' understanding of human values, tolerance, and justice. These values are the basis for responding to and preventing bullying behavior in the school environment. PPKn teachers not only convey material theoretically but also instill moral values in students' daily lives.