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Regional Disaster Management Agency (RDMA) workers must be on standby and respond for 24 hours, especially if there are emergency. This causes demands on workers and workers become fatigue. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that influence work fatigue in Tuban Regency’s RDMA workers. This research includes analytical and observational with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted on 56 workers with a simple random sampling system. The dependent variable studied was physical and mental fatigue, while the independent variables consisted of work factors (working hours and workload), emotional demands (responsibility), and organizational demands (work shifts). Data collection was carried out by direct measurement, questionnaires, interviews, documentation and observation then processed with Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The factors that affect work fatigue are work factors (t statistics = 3.643 and p-values = 0.000) and organizational demands (t statistics = 3.086 and p-values = 0.002), while emotional demands have no effect (t statistics = 0.950 and p-values = 0.342). Loading factors of physical work fatigue (0.917) and mental work fatigue (0.916) are almost the same, so they have the same contribution as a measure of fatigue. Workers who experience work fatigue should conduct regular medical examinations, know the workload limit for one day, organize sufficient work time, regularly rotate work time, stretch in the middle of work activities, prepare work music and videos during breaks.

Welding work on ships carries high risks of health disturbances due to exposure to heat, smoke, chemicals, and poor ergonomic work positions. This study aims to identify potential occupational health hazards among welders working on the MV KAREEM ship at PT. Samudra Marine Indonesia in 2025. The study uses a descriptive observational design with total sampling technique, involving 30 welders. Data were collected through direct observation using observation sheets and documentation in accordance with the welding SOP. The results of the study revealed five categories of health hazards. Physical hazards included excessive heat, noise, and poor lighting. Chemical hazards included welding fumes, metal dust, and toxic gases. Biological hazards arose from exposure to microorganisms in the work environment. Ergonomic hazards were related to awkward posture, prolonged static positions, and manual handling loads. Psychosocial hazards included long working hours, high workload, and conflicts among workers. The findings emphasize that welders are prone to health disturbances due to various risk factors. Preventive measures, including improving the work environment, implementing stricter safety standards, and providing occupational health education, are essential to reduce these risks.

The background of this research, in accordance with the hail observations that have been carried out, is that there are still often problems about the existence of unprofessional employees or lack of discipline in work such as the existence of employees who are not on time. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the quality of work of employees of the Teddaopu Village Office, Tempe District, Wajo Regency, The type of research conducted is a type of descriptive qualitative research using data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation which aims to examine the analysis of the quality of work of employees of the Teddaopu Village Office. The data analysis technique goes through various stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn, while the data validity technique uses credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests. The results of this study show that the quality of work of the employees of the Teddaopu Village Office has been running well, including the quality in terms of community services has been running properly, transparent, the employees always listen to the complaints of the community, always make plans in advance before doing work, but in terms of human resources it can be seen from the lack of communication of several employees at the Teddaopu Village Office, Tempe District Wajo Regency, Discipline in working hours and lack of facilities and infrastructure regarding parking lots. The conclusion is that the quality of work of the Teddaopu Village office employees has gone well.

This study was conducted at PT Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa, where high work pressure was observed due to daily production or sales targets that must be achieved within 8 working hours. Employees who fail to meet these targets are not allowed to leave on time, leading to increased workload and work stress. This condition is suspected to significantly affect employee productivity. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of workload and work stress on employee productivity, both partially and simultaneously. The research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 51 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26 through validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, and F-tests. The findings of the study indicate that workload has a significant effect on employee productivity, as does work stress. Both workload and work stress are positively correlated with lower productivity levels. Moreover, when assessed together, both variables also simultaneously influence productivity significantly. This suggests that the company’s high work pressure, driven by unmet targets, contributes directly to reduced work efficiency and increased stress. Therefore, the company needs to manage workload and work stress effectively, ensuring that work expectations are realistic and that employees are given adequate support to meet these expectations. Optimizing these factors can enhance employee productivity, reduce stress, and improve overall company performance.

Background: The scheduling of work of health workers, especially radiographers in type B hospitals, is a complex challenge due to the variety of radiology modalities, variations in the number of human resources, and the provisions of working hours regulations from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Manual scheduling that is still in use tends to cause workload inequality, conflicts between employees, and operational inefficiencies. Objective: This study aims to design and develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based radiographer shift scheduling system that is able to prepare work schedules automatically, fairly, flexibly, and integratedly, in accordance with hospital service regulations and needs. Research Method: This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). The development process is carried out through the stages of needs analysis, designing Python and Flask-based systems, simulating tests on data, and expert validation then the data collected and described from the initial mapping and also mapping potential problem-solving. Results: The system successfully manages morning, noon, night, and holiday shift schedules based on competence, fair rotation, and maximum working hours provisions. By showing a significant difference between user perceptions before and after using the system, which reflects improved efficiency, fairness, and ease of access to schedules. Respondents expressed satisfaction with the override feature and integrated notifications. Conclusion: The development of an AI-based radiographer shift scheduling system has proven to be feasible and effective in overcoming managerial problems of work scheduling in hospitals. This system is able to increase efficiency, transparency, and user satisfaction, and has the potential to be widely applied to various types of hospitals in Indonesia.

Prolonged road damage disrupts community mobility, logistics activities, and reduces road user safety. The road maintenance project on Jl. Ir. Soekarno in Blitar City, which was planned to be completed in 120 days with a budget of Rp1.16 billion, experienced a delay of 8 days due to time management constraints. This study aims to evaluate the use of the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method to accelerate project completion without reducing the quality of work. The TCTO method is used to analyze the relationship between time and cost. This research proposes additional overtime working hours of 2 hours per day with the assumption of resources according to the Cost Budget Plan (RAB). The results show that with this method, the project can be completed in 117 days at a total cost of Rp1,342,177,724. Although it requires additional costs, this acceleration allows the project to be completed faster than the previous condition

This research was conducted with the aim of optimizing the assignment of working hours in the Procurement Division of PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal through the application of the Hungarian method. The fundamental problem faced is the imbalance between the number of permanent workers and the high workload that must be completed, thus creating a risk of inefficiency in the operational process. To address this problem, a quantitative approach was used with linear programming modeling techniques designed to produce a more systematic and measurable assignment allocation. Through the analysis conducted, an optimal solution was obtained regarding the distribution of working hours, where the total working time can be reduced to 10,120 minutes per month, lower than the previously set maximum limit of 10,560 minutes per month. These results indicate that the application of the Hungarian method is not only able to reduce excessive workloads on some employees, but also ensures a more proportional distribution of assignments among all available workers. In addition, this method can increase operational effectiveness because each worker receives a load according to their capacity, so that the risk of fatigue or decreased performance can be minimized. The findings of this study confirm that the Hungarian method is an alternative work scheduling strategy that is efficient to be applied in industrial environments with high task complexity. Proper implementation can also support the achievement of overall company productivity, improve the quality of human resource management, and strengthen the company's competitiveness in facing future operational challenges.

Research Method: The community and prospective parents have difficulty accessing information about TK Harapan Bunda because they often have to come directly to the school in the morning or meet the school outside of working hours. This hinders efficiency and is time-consuming for them, as well as burdening educators. Therefore, a modern solution is needed such as an official website or digital platform to facilitate access to information quickly and practically. Research Results: The purpose of implementing the system is to evaluate whether the developed system has met expectations. Through testing and implementation, the quality of the system can be assessed. Conclusion: Based on the research and implementation of the TK Harapan Bunda web-based Information System, it can be concluded that: a) The web-based information system provides easier and faster access for the community and prospective parents to obtain information about the school. b) The professionally designed website has succeeded in improving the image of TK Harapan Bunda with an attractive appearance and informative content, which promotes the school's excellent programs and achievements, thereby increasing the interest of prospective students and parental trust. c) The use of modern technology in the development of this system shows that TK Harapan Bunda is able to adapt to increasingly rapid digital developments.

This study aims to analyze the performance of village government officials in providing services to the community in Watutoa Village, Marioriwawo District, Soppeng Regency. Village officials play a crucial role in delivering optimal services to the public. To achieve this, several supporting and hindering factors are needed, including external factors such as limited resources, government policies, and social environment, as well as internal factors like the skills and knowledge of officials, motivation and commitment, and the systems and procedures used. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that hinder the performance of village officials in providing services to the community in Watutoa Village, as well as to identify the supporting factors that facilitate the implementation of services. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a community study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research participants included the officials of Watutoa Village (the head of the village and the head of sections) and the community members who had received services from the village officials. The results of the study indicate that, overall, the performance of village officials is quite good. However, there are several areas that need attention, such as limited resources, where digital services have not yet been optimized. Although government policies regarding attendance, working hours, sanctions, and training have been effective, there are still areas that need improvement. Infrastructure is sufficiently adequate to support the smooth delivery of services, but the technical skills and utilization of technology by village officials need to be enhanced. Furthermore, the motivation and commitment of the officials in delivering services should be strengthened. The existing service systems and procedures are not fully efficient, so continuous evaluation and improvement are necessary to enhance the quality of services in the future.

According to Law Number 6 of 2023, which stipulates a maximum of 40 working hours per week, a survey conducted by the Kompas Daily Data Journalism Team reveals that the average working hours of lecturers in Indonesia reach 69.64 hours per week throughout 2024. This data highlights a significant discrepancy between the legal provisions and the reality of lecturers' workloads. Despite the law setting limits, many lecturers at Indonesian state universities are facing workloads that far exceed the stipulated working hours. These workloads consist of teaching responsibilities, research, community service, campus administration, and even side jobs, making it clear that the working conditions for lecturers are far from ideal. Moreover, the low salaries, especially for lecturers in private universities, have severe implications not only on individual welfare but also on the broader educational system. The low income of lecturers contributes to a looming teaching crisis on campus, which will inevitably affect the quality of education and lecturer performance. This crisis is further reflected in public sentiment. Google Trend data shows a sharp increase in searches for the phrase "don't be a lecturer," reaching a peak of 100 at the end of January 2025, indicating a growing disillusionment with the profession. In addition, a staggering 76.5% of lecturers have side jobs outside of their academic duties. The most common side jobs include consulting (32.4%), teaching (18.9%), research (16.2%), and writing (2.7%). A smaller percentage (5.41%) are engaged in informal work, such as being online motorcycle taxi drivers. These figures reveal the heavy burden on lecturers to seek additional income, which ultimately compromises their focus and performance in their primary academic roles.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in supporting national economic growth, particularly through their contributions to job creation and the development of local potential. MSMEs serve as the backbone of inclusive economic development by reaching various segments of society. However, despite their strategic importance, MSMEs often face internal challenges, including the risk of fraud committed by employees. This study aims to examine the forms of fraud risk occurring within the MSME HJ.GUS BUSANA and analyze their impact on business operations. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through direct interviews with the business owner. This method allowed for a contextual and in-depth understanding of the types of fraud experienced. The findings reveal two primary forms of employee fraud that pose a threat to operational efficiency and business sustainability. First, the excessive use of raw materials without the owner’s knowledge or approval, categorized as a high-risk behavior. Second, the use of business facilities such as equipment and working hours for personal purposes, categorized as a moderate-risk behavior. These practices lead to resource wastage, increased operational costs, and decreased productivity. The impact of such fraud is not only financial but can also erode trust within the workplace environment. Therefore, a more effective internal control system is essential, including proper monitoring of material usage and access to business resources. Additionally, instilling strong work ethics and a sense of responsibility among employees is crucial in building a positive organizational culture. Implementing these measures is key to ensuring that MSMEs can not only survive but also grow sustainably amidst the ever-changing business landscape. Strengthening internal supervision and ethical awareness can significantly reduce the risk of fraud, thereby enhancing the long-term resilience and performance of the enterprise.

This research is motivated by the high intensity of activity in the apron area, the limited number of personnel, and the implementation of a shift work system in the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. These conditions have the potential to cause excessive workloads for personnel, which can impact the effectiveness of operational supervision and disrupt their physical and mental health. The main objective of this study is to analyze the workload of AMC personnel and determine the ideal number of workers to ensure optimal supervision in the apron area. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation and the distribution of questionnaires to all personnel activities in the AMC unit. Data analysis used the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) method to calculate the total actual working time required, and compared it with the standard full-time working hours according to employment regulations. The results showed that the workload of AMC personnel is quite high. Of the seven personnel analyzed, two people obtained an FTE value above 1.28, indicating an overload condition, four people were in the FTE range of 1.00 to 1.28, which is considered normal, and one person had an FTE value below 1.00, indicating an underload condition. These findings indicate an imbalance in the distribution of workload among personnel. As a result, some personnel must perform multiple tasks simultaneously, potentially compromising the quality of oversight and operational safety in the apron area. Based on these findings, a re-evaluation of the division of tasks and workforce within the AMC unit is recommended to create a proportional workload and support optimal safety and operational performance at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.

The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the motivation of elderly individuals to remain employed in the agricultural sector; (2) to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of elderly health, work experience, age, and income outside the agricultural sector on the working hours of the elderly in agriculture; and (3) to analyze the moderating role of income outside the agricultural sector in the relationship between elderly health and the working hours of elderly individuals in the agricultural sector in Buduk Village, Mengwi District. This study employed a quantitative, associative approach conducted in Buduk Village, with a sample size of 100 elderly individuals aged 60 and above. The sampling method used was non-probability sampling, including accidental sampling, snowball sampling, and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, and in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using moderation regression analysis and processed with the assistance of SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the primary motivation for elderly individuals to continue working is the absence of others to manage their agricultural land; (2) the variables of elderly health, work experience, and income outside the agricultural sector have a negative and significant effect on the working hours of the elderly in agriculture, while the age variable has a negative but insignificant effect; (3) income outside the agricultural sector serves as a pseudo-moderating variable in the relationship between elderly health and their working hours in the agricultural sector in Buduk Village. The implications of these findings highlight the need for policies that support improving the quality of life of the elderly and empowering them economically through alternative income sources that do not rely heavily on physical labor.

 The trade of secondhand clothing at Pasar Senggol Batubulan, Gianyar Regency, has become a rapidly growing economic activity and an alternative source of income, particularly amidst limited formal employment opportunities. However, the income of secondhand clothing traders tends to fluctuate and is influenced by several internal business factors. This study aims to analyze the influence of price, business capital, working hours, and product quality on the income of secondhand clothing traders. An associative quantitative approach was used, involving 61 traders selected through a saturated sampling technique. The data analysis method applied is multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that price, capital, working hours, and product quality simultaneously have a significant effect on traders’ income. Partially, all four variables also show a significant influence. Product quality is the most dominant factor affecting income, followed by capital, working hours, and price. Adequate capital enables traders to increase stock and improve product quality. Longer working hours provide greater opportunities to serve consumers, while competitive pricing boosts sales capacity. These findings underscore the importance of managing internal business factors to enhance income and contribute to the economic empowerment of communities in the informal sector.

Clove is one of the plantation commodities that plays a significant role in the national economy, particularly as a raw material for the kretek cigarette industry, as well as the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing clove production in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency. The independent variables used in this study include labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer, while clove production serves as the dependent variable. A quantitative approach was employed using a multiple linear regression analysis in the form of a power function. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 140 clove farmers as respondents. The results of the study indicate that labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer simultaneously have a significant effect on clove production in Bengkel Village. Partially, each of these variables also has a positive and significant effect on production. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the use of these production factors to improve clove yields in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency.

MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) are one of the main drivers of Indonesia’s economy. However, many MSMEs still face limited access to financing. One traditional Balinese culinary product that attracts tourists is ayam betutu, which represents the MSME sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of own capital, business duration, working hours, and e-commerce on the income of ayam betutu culinary MSMEs in Denpasar City, both simultaneously and partially. This research employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, with criteria including MSMEs engaged in traditional culinary businesses with ayam betutu as their main product and those that utilize e-commerce in their business operations. A total of 70 ayam betutu culinary MSME actors in Denpasar City were included. The findings reveal that, simultaneously, own capital, business duration, working hours, and e-commerce have a significant effect on MSME income. Partially, own capital, business duration, and e-commerce have a positive and significant effect on income, whereas working hours do not have a significant partial effect. The implication of this study is that MSME actors need to improve their capacity in capital management, maintain business continuity, and optimize e-commerce utilization to increase income. The government is expected to support MSMEs through financial and digital literacy training, institutional strengthening, and the facilitation of mentoring programs and sustainable access to financing.

Turnover intention is the tendency or intention of individuals to leave the organization for various reasons, one of which is the desire to get a better job. This study aims to examine the effect of overtime working hours and leader member exchange on turnover intention of finishing department employees of PT Ungaran Sari Garments. The sample taken was 144 finishing department employees. The sampling technique used the slovin formula with data analysis techniques, namely multiple linear regression using the SPSS 25 program. The results obtained that overtime working hours have a positive and significant effect on turnover intention, while lmx has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. overtime working hours and leader member exchange have a simultaneous or joint effect on the dependent variable, namely turnover intention of pt usg finishing department employees.

Employee integrity plays an important role in maintaining company trust and reputation. This study aims to analyze the effect of flexibility of working hours and work stress on employee integrity at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Inc. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of working hour flexibility and work stress on employee integrity at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk, especially in the DGL (Digital Development) division in the mobile banking team. The research design adopted in this study is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were collected from 33 respondents through questionnaires. The data were analyzed by carrying out instrument tests which include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, then followed by multiple linear regression, partial tests, simultaneous tests and coefficient of determination tests. The results of this study show that partially, flexibility in working hours has a positive and statistically insignificant effect on employee integrity. Job stress has a negative and statistically significant effect on employee integrity. Simultaneously, both variables affect employee integrity at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk. The results of this study have important implications for company management in developing strategies that improve employee integrity.

Scheduling and resource allocation are two crucial aspects in various fields, including manufacturing, transportation, education, and information systems. The complexity of decision making is often increased by integer constraints, such as the number of workers, machines, or indivisible working hours. Therefore, the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) approach is one of the methods widely used in solving optimization problems involving discrete variables. This literature study aims to review previous studies that apply ILP in the context of scheduling and resource allocation optimization. This study reviews model approaches, solution techniques such as the branch and bound method and cutting plane, and their implementation in various real cases. The results of the study show that ILP is able to provide optimal or near-optimal solutions in scenarios with complex constraints and integer variables. This study also identifies challenges in implementing ILP models, such as the scale of the problem and high computational requirements, as well as opportunities for further research that includes hybridizing the ILP method with a heuristic approach. Thus, ILP remains a very relevant and effective tool in supporting optimization-based decision making in various sectors.

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector plays a crucial role in economic development by helping to reduce inequality resulting from uneven development processes. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of capital, price, working hours, facilities, and promotion on income, as well as to examine the moderating role of promotion on the effect of price on the income of coffee shop MSMEs in Denpasar City. The sample consisted of 85 coffee shop MSMEs selected using simple random sampling. The data analysis technique employed was moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results show that simultaneously, capital, price, working hours, facilities, and promotion significantly affect the income of coffee shop MSMEs in Denpasar. Partially, each of these variables—capital, price, working hours, facilities, and promotion—has a significant positive influence on income. Coffee shops equipped with complete facilities tend to earn higher income compared to those with fewer amenities. The findings also reveal that coffee shops utilizing promotional strategies generate higher income than those that do not. It is recommended that coffee shop MSME operators focus on long-term promotional strategies to build customer loyalty and increase income.