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This study aims to thoroughly examine the influence of menu variety, taste, and price on customers' purchasing decisions at CEZ-ROS Restaurant, located in Kediri Regency. Understanding these factors is crucial for the restaurant to enhance customer satisfaction and improve sales performance. The research employs a quantitative approach with an associative research type, designed to explore relationships between variables. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling, where respondents were selected based on convenience and their availability during the data collection period. This method allows for practical and efficient data gathering from actual restaurant customers. Data analysis involves several statistical tests to ensure accuracy and reliability. Initially, validity and reliability tests were conducted to confirm the suitability of the questionnaire. Then, multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine how menu variety, taste, and price individually and collectively influence purchasing decisions. Additionally, t-tests assessed the significance of each independent variable, while the F-test evaluated their simultaneous effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) provided insight into how much variation in purchasing decisions could be explained by these variables. The results indicate that menu variety, taste, and price significantly impact purchasing decisions both individually and together. Specifically, customers prefer restaurants offering a diverse menu, delicious food, and reasonable pricing. The F-test confirms the strong combined effect of these factors on consumer behavior. However, the coefficient of determination also suggests that while these variables are important, other external influences such as service quality, ambiance, and promotions may also affect purchasing decisions. Overall, this study highlights that CEZ-ROS Restaurant should focus on maintaining menu diversity, enhancing taste quality, and setting competitive prices to attract and retain customers effectively.

Sleep is a fundamental human need that plays a crucial role in maintaining both physical and mental health. Poor sleep quality can trigger a variety of health problems, ranging from decreased concentration to an increased risk of chronic diseases. The complexity of factors influencing sleep quality—such as stress levels, heart rate, blood pressure, physical activity, and lifestyle—makes its assessment difficult through direct observation alone. Therefore, data mining approaches are increasingly utilized to identify relevant patterns in sleep-related data. This study aims to compare the performance of the C4.5 (Decision Tree) algorithm and the Naïve Bayes algorithm in predicting sleep quality using the Sleep Health and Lifestyle dataset, which contains information from 374 respondents. The research method applied is a quantitative comparative approach employing classification techniques with 10-fold cross-validation to ensure robust evaluation. Model performance is assessed using accuracy, precision, and recall metrics to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of each algorithm. The findings indicate that the C4.5 algorithm achieves an accuracy of 96.26% and offers advantages in terms of interpretability through its decision tree visualization, enabling easier understanding of variable relationships. In contrast, the Naïve Bayes algorithm demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.66% along with consistently high precision and recall across nearly all classes. These results suggest that Naïve Bayes is more effective for predictive tasks involving sleep quality, while C4.5 remains highly valuable when the goal is to interpret variable interactions and decision rules. Overall, this research highlights the potential of data mining techniques in health informatics, particularly in improving the understanding and prediction of sleep quality, which in turn can contribute to better prevention and management of sleep-related health issues.

This study aims to examine the influence of Product Variation, Brand Image, and Co-Branding on Purchase Decisions among Miniso Central Park consumers in West Jakarta. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach with 100 respondents selected through non-probability sampling with an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires based on a Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS version 25 with multiple linear regression. The findings show that Product Variation does not significantly influence purchase decisions, indicating that the wide variety of Miniso products alone is not the primary factor driving consumer choices. In contrast, Brand Image demonstrates a strong and significant influence, highlighting that consumers’ trust and perception of Miniso’s brand identity play an important role in their purchasing behavior. Furthermore, Co-Branding also significantly affects purchase decisions, as collaborations with other well-known brands or icons enhance the appeal and perceived value of Miniso products. The combined effect of Brand Image and Co-Branding creates stronger consumer engagement, although Product Variation alone remains insufficient in driving decisions. This study contributes to the understanding of retail marketing strategies, particularly in the context of lifestyle-oriented retail businesses. It suggests that building a strong brand image and leveraging effective co-branding partnerships are more impactful than merely expanding product variety. The implications of this research can assist retail companies in optimizing their marketing mix strategies to strengthen competitiveness in Indonesia’s rapidly growing retail sector.

Companies face a variety of human resources with varying characteristics and abilities, which significantly impact employee performance. The influence of work culture, work morale, and employee performance, including variables such as discipline, mutual respect, individual passion, team spirit, quality, punctuality, workers, salary, promotions, supervision, and coworkers, is crucial in determining how significantly they influence employee job satisfaction at PT RJN. By understanding this relationship, the director or leader of PT RJN can predict employee responses to job satisfaction, maintain it, and improve it so employees feel more comfortable and at ease in their work. The sampling technique in this study used a saturated sampling method, a non-probability sampling method. This research employed a quantitative approach with a concrete data processing methodology. The population consisted of 40 employees in the production, administration, marketing, and distribution departments. The sample used in this study was derived from primary data obtained from 40 respondents from the production department who were still actively working at PT RJN. Data were obtained through questionnaires and observations. From the results of the analysis that has been done, based on the results of partial testing, the job satisfaction of PT RJN employees is positively and significantly influenced by the variables of work culture, work spirit, and employee performance. Based on the results of simultaneous testing, the job satisfaction of PT RJN employees is significantly influenced by the variables of work culture, work spirit, and performance characteristics. significantly influence employee job satisfaction. This is known from the correlation analysis as follows: r value = 0.377 or 37.7% and then the remaining 62.3% comes from various factors outside this concentration and is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

This study aims to determine the benefits of the internet as a learning resource for students in the Economics Education Study Program at Mahammadiyah University Maumere. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This study provides an accurate description and explanation of the conditions or phenomena encountered. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation. The research subjects are 12 students from the 2021 cohort of the Economics Education Program. The utilization of the internet as a learning resource for students in the Economics Education Program at Muhammadiyah University of Maumere plays a significant role because the internet provides easy and quick access to various information such as learning materials, scientific journals, e-books, educational videos, and relevant and supportive resources. This enables students to access the latest information and a variety of up-to-date topics. The research findings indicate that economics education students at Muhammadiyah University of Maumere actively utilize the internet to search for references, access e-books, journals, educational videos, and participate in online discussions. The use of platforms such as Google, YouTube, TikTok, and AI tools like ChatGPT aids in understanding course materials. Despite network challenges, students seek solutions by relocating or using the campus network. They tend to choose reliable learning sources, reflecting strong digital literacy skills. Overall, the use of the internet enhances students' motivation and academic performance, leading to improved outcomes

This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image, product variety, and bundling price on purchasing decisions among X consumers. The method used is a quantitative approach with a causal research design, so as to be able to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between variables. The research data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 96 respondents who are active consumers of X. To ensure data quality, a series of tests were conducted including validity, reliability, normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. The main analysis used multiple linear regression supported by t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination (R²) processed using SPSS software version 26. The results showed that brand image had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, indicating that consumers' positive perceptions of X's reputation were able to encourage higher purchasing interest. Bundling price also proved to have a significant effect, because the strategy of combining package prices was considered to provide economic benefits and added value for consumers. In contrast, product variety did not have a significant effect, indicating that consumers place more emphasis on brand image and pricing strategies than simply menu diversity. However, when tested simultaneously, all three variables were still shown to have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The coefficient of determination value of 0.594 indicates that the combination of the three variables can explain 59.4% of the variation in purchasing decisions, while the remaining 40.6% is influenced by other external factors such as service quality, consumer trends, promotions, and customer experience. These findings reinforce the understanding that a strong brand image-based marketing strategy and the implementation of appropriate bundling prices can be key to increasing consumer appeal. For local coffee businesses like X, this study provides practical implications to focus more efforts on strengthening brand image, creating a consistent consumer experience, and optimizing pricing strategies.

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is an important component in creating healthy living habits, especially in elementary school children. Education about PHBS needs to be instilled from an early age to form a sustainable healthy lifestyle. This study aims to determine the effect of interactive education on improving the understanding of second-grade students at Dharma Loka Elementary School Pekanbaru regarding PHBS. In this study, 50 students were involved using a pre-experimental design through the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design method. The educational intervention was carried out using interactive instructional games such as snakes and ladders, animated films, and PowerPoint presentations. The results showed an increase in students' understanding of PHBS after the intervention. The average score of students in the initial test was 93.2, while after the intervention, the average score increased to 100, with an increase of 6.8 points. This indicates that interactive learning has a positive impact on students' understanding of PHBS. Learning that involves teaching aids and games is proven to be more interesting for elementary school students, making them more active in the learning process. Interactive education not only improves students' understanding but also encourages them to apply PHBS more in their daily lives. The use of media such as games, animated films, and PowerPoint presentations facilitates a more comprehensive and enjoyable understanding. Therefore, this approach can be an effective strategy for teaching children healthy lifestyles, while providing a fun and rewarding learning experience. This interactive education also provides students with the opportunity to learn in a more enjoyable and less boring way. Through the snakes and ladders game, students can learn the concept of healthy living (PHBS) directly in a lighter and more entertaining way. Animated films and PowerPoint presentations add variety to the learning method, making the information conveyed more easily by students.

This study aims to examine in-depth the forms and types of clauses that appear in everyday conversations on social media, particularly on the Facebook platform. The focus of the study is directed at how social media users form and use clauses in online interactions, and their implications for message comprehension. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques consisting of observations of conversations and interactions between users. The collected data are then analyzed to identify patterns, variations, and characteristics of the clauses used. The results show that the language forms used tend to be non-standard, for example, short sentences, omissions of subject or predicate elements, and the use of informal vocabulary. However, these variations do not hinder the understanding of messages between users. Instead, the use of these forms reflects users' adaptation to the nature of online communication, which demands speed and efficiency. This phenomenon demonstrates the flexibility of language that is constantly evolving in response to changes in social and technological contexts. The research findings confirm that language dynamics in the digital era not only influence clause form and structure but also enrich the variety of contemporary Indonesian discourse. This has important implications for education, particularly in language learning. By understanding the role of clauses in online communication, educators can adapt teaching methods to be more relevant to the linguistic realities faced by students. This research contributes to the study of sociolinguistics and digital communication, while also opening up opportunities for further research. Future, more in-depth studies could explore the influence of online interactions on language development, the relationship between language and culture, and how technology shapes communication patterns in society.  

The global maritime sector is currently facing complex multidimensional challenges, triggered by global economic dynamics, climate change, supply chain disruptions, and rising cybersecurity threats. In response to these conditions, the National Shipping Academy in collaboration with the Indonesian Maritime Researchers and Lecturers (IMERAL) held a National Seminar with the theme of Technology and Regulation Transformation in Logistics Risk Management. This activity aims to increase the literacy and capacity of academics, students, practitioners, and regulators in facing maritime logistics challenges through the use of digital technology and strengthening regulations. The seminar was held online via the Zoom platform, presenting speakers from a variety of backgrounds, including academics, industry practitioners, and policymakers. The discussion focused on digital transformation strategies in maritime logistics, harmonization of national and international regulations, and strengthening technology-based risk management systems. The results showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of strategic issues in the maritime sector, especially related to the integration of technology and policies in logistics risk management. In addition, this seminar succeeded in forming a collaborative network between stakeholders, opening up opportunities for cross-sector synergy in the development of sustainable maritime solutions. The policy recommendations compiled from the results of the discussion include the need to accelerate port digitalization, increase the capacity of maritime human resources, and the preparation of regulations adaptive to global dynamics. This activity emphasizes that cross-sector collaboration is an effective strategy in strengthening Indonesia's maritime competitiveness, as well as building national logistics resilience amid global uncertainty.

This study aims to identify the forms of implicature and language styles employed by netizens when commenting on the TikTok account @owner daviena skincare. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a pragmatic approach, this research explores the linguistic phenomena occurring in the comment section of selected posts. Data collection techniques include non-participant observation, attentive listening, note-taking, and documentation. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of implicature, which covers both conventional and non-conventional implicatures. The findings reveal that the comment section displays a variety of implicatures, with the dominant purposes being to offer advice, deliver criticism, and express support toward the content creator. Conventional implicatures appear when the meaning conveyed is closely tied to specific linguistic expressions, while non-conventional implicatures are identified in cases where the intended meaning relies on contextual interpretation. In terms of language style, the majority of comments utilize informal and conversational expressions, characterized by colloquial vocabulary, slang, and abbreviations that are common in online interactions. The analysis also highlights that the interplay between implicature and informal language style reflects the spontaneous and dynamic nature of digital communication on social media. Such interactions not only serve as a platform for engagement but also illustrate how language is adapted to suit the immediacy and brevity of online discourse. The study concludes that understanding implicature in social media contexts is essential for interpreting the underlying meanings beyond the literal content of user comments. Furthermore, the predominance of informal styles demonstrates the influence of digital culture on contemporary language use, particularly among netizens engaged in beauty and skincare communities.

This study aims to deeply uncover the learning management tactics implemented by teachers in an effort to improve student learning satisfaction at the elementary school level. Learning satisfaction is an important indicator of the success of the educational process because it is closely related to motivation, active involvement, and student academic outcomes. This study was conducted at SDN 3 Kaliombo, Jepara, using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used included observation of learning activities, interviews with teachers, and documentation in the form of learning notes and class activity plans. The results show that teachers use a variety of innovative and adaptive learning strategies, including a scientific approach, collaborative learning, the use of interactive learning media, and conducive and student-friendly classroom management. The role of teachers is not only as a deliverer of material, but also as a facilitator, motivator, and guide who creates a learning atmosphere that is fun, communicative, and meaningful for students. The tactics used by teachers also consider student characteristics, including their learning styles, levels of understanding, and emotional needs. Active student involvement in the learning process is key to improving their learning satisfaction. This study emphasizes the importance of teachers' role in designing and implementing appropriate learning strategies to support the achievement of educational goals. The implications of these findings suggest that ongoing training for teachers is essential to strengthen their professional capacity in implementing more creative, responsive, and student-oriented learning approaches.

Stem cells are unspecialized cells with the ability to self-renew over long periods of time without undergoing significant changes in their basic properties. The discovery of adult stem cells has revolutionized therapeutic and regenerative medicine and led to the development of new therapies for previously untreatable terminal conditions. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was the first example of successful stem cell therapy and has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including leukemia, adult T-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Meanwhile, autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is increasingly being used to repair mesenchymal tissues and other organs such as the lung and heart, and has shown promise in the treatment of stroke, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes. Interest in the therapeutic potential of other adult stem cells including neural, mammary, intestinal, inner ear, and testicular stem cells is also growing. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells has opened new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying pluripotency and carcinogenesis. This study employed a qualitative approach with a literature review method, aiming to conduct an in-depth review of the scientific literature related to the development of stem cell therapy and its epigenetic implications. Through a systematic analysis of various academic sources, this study seeks to formulate a comprehensive conceptual understanding and identify future directions for safer and more targeted stem cell therapy development.

Boja Village is located in the center of Boja District, Kendal Regency. Its area is relatively large compared to other villages. With a large population, many businesses have developed in the area. Boja has significant potential for MSME development and economic growth. Most of the area is agricultural land, mostly planted with cassava. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide outreach by empowering women from the Family Welfare Movement (PKK) to foster entrepreneurial interest in Boja Village, Boja District, Kendal Regency. Cassava is a highly versatile commodity, capable of being used in a variety of food preparations, including as a substitute for wheat flour, to create a variety of ready-to-sell foods. By utilizing this commodity, it is hoped that women can start businesses to supplement family income and increase its economic value. Recognizing this potential, the Community Service team will conduct outreach activities, including entrepreneurship training, workshops on various processing innovations, and digital marketing for housewives in the area. The community service activity took place on Thursday, June 12, 2025, from 3:30 PM to 5:30 PM WIB (Western Indonesian Time). Twenty-three participants covered entrepreneurship, workshops, and digital marketing. They were highly enthusiastic about the activity. The outreach program demonstrated an increased understanding of entrepreneurship, skills, and interest in starting a business. Evaluation results showed an increase in understanding, exceeding 50%, after pre- and post-tests. The target output of this community service is publication in national journals, HKI videos, YouTube, and through mass media.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the understanding of the concept of force in grade 1 elementary school students. The approach used is a literature study by reviewing various current scientific sources from 2021 to 2025. The results of the study show that the demonstration method is able to transform abstract concepts into concrete experiences that are easy for students to understand. Through demonstrations, students can see firsthand the application of force in everyday life, making it easier to understand. This method also increases students' active involvement, trains observation skills, and supports visual and kinesthetic learning styles. In its implementation, the success of the demonstration method is largely determined by the readiness of the teacher, the use of simple language, a variety of teaching aids, and repetition of activities to strengthen memory. Common obstacles faced include limited tools, time, and teacher skills in designing effective demonstrations. Therefore, school support and collaboration between teachers are key to optimizing the implementation of this method. In conclusion, the demonstration method is an effective learning strategy to improve the understanding of the concept of force, because it is in accordance with the cognitive development stage of early elementary school students who are in the concrete operational phase.   Keywords: demonstration method, concept of force, elementary school students, science learning, concrete activities  

The use of various instructional media plays a significant role in the teaching process, as it can stimulate students' interest and encourage active participation in learning activities. By utilizing a variety of educational tools, children can enhance the efficiency of their learning in relation to the material delivered by the teacher. Teachers are expected to select the most effective teaching models, instructional media, and strategies to improve students' understanding. The use of instructional aids such as fraction clocks can serve as an innovative resource for teachers in presenting learning materials. Through the implementation of such media, teachers can expand the scope of media utilization in the educational process. The use of fraction clocks aims to inspire and improve students’ learning outcomes in the field of mathematics. The study employs a quantitative approach. This quasi-experimental study applies a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. 50 students participated in the study. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to describe the students’ pretest and posttest results. Furthermore, inferential statistics, including normality tests and hypothesis testing, are used to support further interpretation. The findings revealed that for the pretest, students had an average score of 51.92, indicating a moderate level of achievement, with a percentage of 62%. And the students’ postest scores increased to 66.92, indicating a higher level of achievement, with a percentage of 69% based on a sample of 26 students. The Paired Sample T-test showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is lower than the predetermined significance level of 5% or 0.05. This indicates the rejection of null hypothesis and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. It can be concluded that the use of fraction clock as an instructional medium has positive effect on students’ learning outcomes and enhances their understanding of fraction concepts.

Along with the increasing public interest in coffee, the coffee industry in Indonesia, especially in urban areas such as Surakarta, is growing rapidly. Surakarta is one of the cultural and tourism cities that has a variety of consumer segments that are potential targets for Kopi Stralink. Starting from students, office workers, to tourists who have unique preferences that need to be accommodated in marketing strategies. This study can help Kopi Stralink management in designing a more effective marketing communication strategy. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, which aims to describe in depth the marketing communication strategy implemented by Kopi Stralink (Kopi Keliling) in the Surakarta area. This method focuses on an in-depth understanding of the phenomena studied and relies on descriptive data. The results of the study can provide insight into the most effective communication channels and relevant approaches to be implemented so that Kopi Stralink can reach its target market more optimally in Surakarta. This study can open up discussions about social problems faced by society, especially those related to economic pressure and debt. This analysis is expected to encourage society to be more critical in understanding the impact of modern lifestyles on personal and social well-being.

This research was motivated by the importance of understanding Natural Science (IPA) at the elementary school level and the indication of learning difficulties in grade 6 students of SDN 170 Pekanbaru. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that cause science learning difficulties in grade 6 students at the school. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, interviews with students and teachers, and documentation. The results of the study show that there are two main factors causing science learning difficulties, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors include students' difficulty in understanding abstract science material, low motivation to learn, and lack of concentration during learning. Meanwhile, external factors that contribute to science learning difficulties are the lack of attention and support from parents at home, the influence of a play environment that is less supportive of learning, and the variety of teacher teaching methods that need to be improved. Thus, this study identifies the need for comprehensive interventions to overcome students' science learning difficulties, involving both internal aspects of students and external factors that influence them.

This study aims to explore the practices and perceptions of tutors in implementing assessment in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction at non-formal language course institutions. A quantitative method was used, involving data collection through questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions, complemented by an online interview to deepen the understanding of assessment implementation. The results show that diagnostic and formative assessments are the most frequently used types (100%), while performance-based and project-based assessments are used by 50% of the respondents. None of the tutors reported using self-assessment, indicating a limited variety in assessment methods applied. The main purposes of assessment include identifying students’ learning needs, monitoring progress, and evaluating teaching effectiveness. Despite facing challenges such as limited time and low student motivation, tutors managed to apply solutions like group discussions and peer feedback. Assessment was found to positively impact both students’ skill development and tutors’ understanding of -learners’ needs. The study concludes that assessment in ESP plays a strategic role not only as an evaluation tool but also as a diagnostic and formative mechanism that supports continuous learning. Therefore, proper understanding and contextual adaptation are essential in maximizing the role of assessment in ESP instruction.

This research aims to identify the influence of utilizing interactive learning multimedia on the learning outcomes of class XI students in the economics subject at SMA Negeri 4 Gorontalo. This research employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The total sample consists of 60 students.The findings indicate that there is an influence of utilizing interactive learning multimedia on the learning outcomes of class XI students in the economics subject This is shown through data analysis using a paired sample t-test, which resulted in a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0 000. This value is far below the predetermined significance level of 005, indicating a significant difference between students' learning outcomes before and after utilizing interactive multimedia, as well as a significant difference between the experimental class (utilizing multimedia) and the control class (not utilizing multimedia). Therefore, the utilization of interactive learning multimedia not only provides variety in the teaching and learning process but also contributes meaningfully to improving students' conceptual understanding, material retention, and learning motivation.

This community service project at SD Negeri 16 Kota Bengkulu aims to enhance children's awareness of local culture. The primary objective is to cultivate a love for Bengkulu’s indigenous heritage through integrated cultural education. Utilizing the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, the program leverages existing community strengths and cultural assets. Service-learning, field observation, and a descriptive qualitative methodology guide the design and implementation of a variety of cultural activities. Key activities include training in traditional dance and Dol music, the introduction of local games, exposure to Bengkulu folk songs, as well as the introduction of Batik Besurek and traditional foods. As part of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), the program also features the creation of Tabot miniatures and coloring wayang figures. Additionally, the program introduces the Kaganga script and raises awareness about cultural preservation. This comprehensive initiative is expected to significantly enhance students' appreciation and understanding of Bengkulu’s rich cultural heritage, contributing to the sustainable preservation of local traditions.