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The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

This research analyses the effectiveness of descriptive text sentences on the January 2025 edition of Good News From Indonesia as a reading text feasibility. This research is motivated by the writer's analysis of sentences in descriptive texts that do not follow Indonesian language rules. This study aims to review the effectiveness of sentences in four description texts published on the Good News From Indonesia page, which are examined based on cohesion and coherence, word inefficiency, word inflexibility, and spelling errors, to produce more effective sentences, following Indonesian language rules. The method used in this research is a descriptive and theoretical approach using syntax to analyse the effectiveness of sentences. The analysis results in the 4 Good News From Indonesia description texts show several ineffective sentences, including word inefficiency, word inflexibility, spelling errors, and cohesion and coherence between sentences. With this research in analysing sentence effectiveness, it is hoped that it can increase readers' knowledge and insight into understanding the importance of effective sentences in descriptive texts.

This study examines syntax, a branch of linguistics that investigating the structure and rules for constructing larger components such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The focus of this article is on analyzing sentences found in opinion texts. The primary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of sentences in opinion articles from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja" as instructional materials for reading comprehension, particularly regarding word choice and punctuation. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, with a syntactic theoretical framework. The data presented is based on the analysis of sentence effectiveness in the opinion texts from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja." Data collection includes listening and note-taking techniques, while the analysis uses the Aghigh technique. The data is informally presented in tables that highlight ineffective sentences along with their corrections. The study of three opinion texts from the "Harian Jogja" website in January 2025 resulted in a total of 147 sentences, with 118 effective and 16 ineffective sentences. Specifically, in the opinion article titled "Ethics and Productivity of Generation Z," 37 sentences were effective and 5 were ineffective; in "The Rise of Online Purchasing Fraud," 55 sentences were effective and 15 were ineffective; and in "Going through Digital Transformation: Recruitment Challenges in Banking," 26 sentences were effective and 9 were ineffective. This study aims to help distinguish between effective and ineffective sentences in texts.

This study examines syntax, a branch of linguistics that investigating the structure and rules for constructing larger components such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The focus of this article is on analyzing sentences found in opinion texts. The primary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of sentences in opinion articles from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja" as instructional materials for reading comprehension, particularly regarding word choice and punctuation. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, with a syntactic theoretical framework. The data presented is based on the analysis of sentence effectiveness in the opinion texts from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja." Data collection includes listening and note-taking techniques, while the analysis uses the Aghigh technique. The data is informally presented in tables that highlight ineffective sentences along with their corrections. The study of three opinion texts from the "Harian Jogja" website in January 2025 resulted in a total of 147 sentences, with 118 effective and 16 ineffective sentences. Specifically, in the opinion article titled "Ethics and Productivity of Generation Z," 37 sentences were effective and 5 were ineffective; in "The Rise of Online Purchasing Fraud," 55 sentences were effective and 15 were ineffective; and in "Going through Digital Transformation: Recruitment Challenges in Banking," 26 sentences were effective and 9 were ineffective. This study aims to help distinguish between effective and ineffective sentences in texts.

The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

This research analyses the effectiveness of descriptive text sentences on the January 2025 edition of Good News From Indonesia as a reading text feasibility. This research is motivated by the writer's analysis of sentences in descriptive texts that do not follow Indonesian language rules. This study aims to review the effectiveness of sentences in four description texts published on the Good News From Indonesia page, which are examined based on cohesion and coherence, word inefficiency, word inflexibility, and spelling errors, to produce more effective sentences, following Indonesian language rules. The method used in this research is a descriptive and theoretical approach using syntax to analyse the effectiveness of sentences. The analysis results in the 4 Good News From Indonesia description texts show several ineffective sentences, including word inefficiency, word inflexibility, spelling errors, and cohesion and coherence between sentences. With this research in analysing sentence effectiveness, it is hoped that it can increase readers' knowledge and insight into understanding the importance of effective sentences in descriptive texts.

This study aims to describe the form and function of negation elements in the syntactic structure of Chairil Anwar's poetry anthology. The research method is descriptive qualitative with linguistic approach. The data sources are poetry texts by Chairil Anwar consisting of nine titles of Chairil Anwar's poems: Aku, Diponegoro, Karawang-Bekasi, Derai-Derai Cemara, Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil, Cintaku Jauh di Pulau, Hampa, Tak Sepadan and Siap Sedia. The data was collected using the documentation method, namely reading and scrutinizing the poetry texts to identify sentences that contain negation elements. The data found were then recorded and classified based on the form and location of the negation element in the syntactic structure of the sentence. Data analysis was conducted through several stages, namely: 1) identifying negation elements (all word/phrase elements containing negation elements in the poem); 2) classifying negation forms based on their types such as not, not, none, yet or don't; 3) analyzing syntactic structure (how the negation element functions in the syntactic structure, whether in predicate, subject, object or adverb; 4) interpreting the meaning and semantic and stylistic functions of negation elements in the context of the whole poem. To maintain data validity, this research uses theoretical triangulation by referring to various linguistic references (especially syntax and semantics) as well as previous studies on Chairil Anwar's poetry. In addition, data validation is done through cross-checking between readers on the results of identification and analysis. The results show that the element of negation plays a central role in shaping the syntactic structure, meaning and ideological and emotional character of his poetry. 

This study aims to analyze the application of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model to improve students’ creativity in Social Studies and to measure its effectiveness in enhancing creative learning outcomes. The research was conducted as a Classroom Action Research (CAR) across two cycles during the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, involving 30 fifth-grade students at SD Inpres Barombong 2. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, while analysis employed descriptive statistics for quantitative data and reduction–triangulation techniques for qualitative data. The creativity indicators examined included fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Findings reveal that the implementation of PjBL significantly enhanced students’ creative thinking skills, as evidenced by an overall increase in average scores across all creativity indicators. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the PjBL model was reflected in the improved implementation of its instructional syntax, progressing from the “Moderate” category in the initial cycle to “High” and eventually “Very High” in the subsequent cycle. These outcomes confirm that PjBL promotes active, student-centered, and collaborative learning that fosters creativity in Social Studies. The study concludes that continuous implementation of PjBL is essential for cultivating creativity in elementary classrooms and suggests further research to explore its applicability in different contexts and educational levels.

Assessment practices in Indonesian schools remain largely dominated by conventional summative evaluation, which inadequately represents reflective learning processes and mastery of 21st-century competencies. This gap highlights the suboptimal implementation of formative and authentic assessments in educational practice, as well as the lack of conceptual models capable of systematically integrating both approaches. This article aims to examine and develop an integrative assessment model that combines three key approaches: formative assessment, authentic assessment, and Evidence-Centered Design (ECD), as a strategic framework to strengthen assessment practices for 21st-century learning. This study is based on a conceptual synthesis of more than 20 national and international sources. A narrative review approach is employed, focusing on the three main approaches: formative assessment, authentic assessment, and ECD. The results of the review produce an integrative assessment model articulated in the Claim–Task–Evidence–Feedback syntax, which merges competency mapping (claim), real-world task design (task), student performance evidence collection (evidence), and continuous formative feedback (feedback). This model not only unifies the strengths of the three approaches but also offers practical solutions to the challenges of assessment implementation in Indonesia through practice-based training, integration into instructional planning, and support from technical policy frameworks. The article contributes to the advancement of assessment design that is pedagogically valid, contextually relevant, and instrumental in driving learning transformation.

This community service is driven by by the implementation of innovative programs in strengthening literacy and numeracy cultural methods. Therefore, innovation is needed in the application of (MacaLas) literacy to help improve and train students' abilities in reading, writing and conveying ideas. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews, observation and document collection. The results of research at MI Al Makmur show that teachers implement various things through (MacaLas) activities at MI Al Makmur Mayangrejo which are carried out regularly with varied learning. method for running the (MacaLas) program. Apart from the variety of methods, the learning media and syntax used also vary. One of the unresolved concerns is the low interest in reading among Indonesian students. Moreover, when books are the only source of information, reading activities have not become a primary need for Indonesia's young generation. Now, even though knowledge can be accessed through various media and e-books are available anytime and anywhere, the level of interest in reading in Indonesia is still relatively low. Reading activities have not yet become a priority in people's lives in the country, School Literacy Movement initiatives have progressed through several levels, beginning with routine reading habits, moving into development, and culminating in integration within learning activities The positive impacts seen are student attitudes that reflect a high literacy ecosystem

This community service is driven by by the implementation of innovative programs in strengthening literacy and numeracy cultural methods. Therefore, innovation is needed in the application of (MacaLas) literacy to help improve and train students' abilities in reading, writing and conveying ideas. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews, observation and document collection. The results of research at MI Al Makmur show that teachers implement various things through (MacaLas) activities at MI Al Makmur Mayangrejo which are carried out regularly with varied learning. method for running the (MacaLas) program. Apart from the variety of methods, the learning media and syntax used also vary. One of the unresolved concerns is the low interest in reading among Indonesian students. Moreover, when books are the only source of information, reading activities have not become a primary need for Indonesia's young generation. Now, even though knowledge can be accessed through various media and e-books are available anytime and anywhere, the level of interest in reading in Indonesia is still relatively low. Reading activities have not yet become a priority in people's lives in the country, School Literacy Movement initiatives have progressed through several levels, beginning with routine reading habits, moving into development, and culminating in integration within learning activities The positive impacts seen are student attitudes that reflect a high literacy ecosystem

Vocational high schools (SMK) play an important role in preparing students for the world of work. However, student learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation at SMK Negeri 5 Kota Padang are still relatively low, with an average pretest score of 57.34. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving student learning outcomes. The research method used was classroom action research with 32 students from class XI TITL as subjects. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of student activities during learning. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of STAD successfully improved student learning outcomes significantly, with an average post-test score of 82.19 and an N-Gain Score of 0.58 (moderate category). Academic achievement also increased from 15.6% to 75%. Further analysis revealed that collaborative interactions within groups, the reward system, and active student participation were key factors contributing to the success of this method. However, challenges such as time management and low student engagement require attention. It is concluded that the STAD model is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation, both in terms of cognitive aspects and social skills. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers implement STAD with proper syntax and consider developing supporting media such as digital simulations to optimize the learning process.

This study aims to identify and analyze syntactic errors made by students in their academic writing. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores in depth the forms of errors that appear and the general patterns formed in students' sentence structures. Data were obtained from various documents of students' academic writing, such as essays, papers, and observation reports. The results of the study indicate that the dominant syntactic errors include incomplete sentence construction, inappropriate use of conjunctions, the influence of regional languages in sentence structures, inaccuracy in phrase formation, and errors in the structure of subjects, predicates, and objects. These findings reflect students' weak mastery of Indonesian language syntax rules. Therefore, more effective learning strategies are needed, such as the use of discovery-based learning methods and providing direct feedback, to improve students' syntactic competence. Syntactic error analysis not only functions as an evaluation of language skills, but also as a basis for developing contextual and relevant teaching materials.  

Indonesian language has an important role in education, especially in shaping students’ literacy skills through text-based learning. One type of text taught in the Merdeka Curriculum is anecdote text. This study aims to identify and describe the forms of syntactic errors in anecdote texts in the book Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia for SMA / SMK class X. The method used is descriptive qualitative with error analysis approach according to Ellis’ model. The data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques, and analyzed through the stages of identification, classification, and evaluation of errors. The results of the analysis show the existence of various errors, including the use of non-standard words, incorrect word writing, inappropriate diction, excessive word usage, conjunction errors, and punctuation errors. The findings emphasize the importance of improving the quality of language in textbooks, as errors in books can affect students' language skills. Theoretically, this study expands the study of syntactic errors in the narrative text genre. Practically, the results of this study can be a reference for teachers, book writers, and curriculum developers in improving and enhancing the quality of Indonesian teaching materials.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

This article explores the challenges and solutions in teaching syntax in Indonesian language education at schools. Syntax, as a crucial part of language structure, is often perceived as difficult and boring by students due to its theoretical and non-contextual delivery. Based on a literature review of scholarly journals and national books, it was found that students’ understanding of sentence structure remains low, affecting their writing and speaking skills. Teachers also face obstacles in developing effective and engaging teaching strategies. To address these issues, this article proposes several solutions, such as the use of communicative approaches, interactive learning media, and continuous professional development for teachers. It is hoped that with more contextual and practical methods, syntax learning can become more meaningful and enjoyable for students.

This article explores the challenges and solutions in teaching syntax in Indonesian language education at schools. Syntax, as a crucial part of language structure, is often perceived as difficult and boring by students due to its theoretical and non-contextual delivery. Based on a literature review of scholarly journals and national books, it was found that students’ understanding of sentence structure remains low, affecting their writing and speaking skills. Teachers also face obstacles in developing effective and engaging teaching strategies. To address these issues, this article proposes several solutions, such as the use of communicative approaches, interactive learning media, and continuous professional development for teachers. It is hoped that with more contextual and practical methods, syntax learning can become more meaningful and enjoyable for students.

Writing an effective job application letter requires a deep understanding of the syntactic structure of the Indonesian language. This article aims to examine the role of syntax in forming effective sentences in job application letters. The research was conducted through a literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data sources were obtained from various journals, articles, and relevant books on syntax, effective sentences, and the structure of application letters. The results of the study indicate that syntactic elements such as subjects, predicates, objects, complements, and adverbs play a central role in forming communicative, logical, and professional sentences. Common errors such as inappropriate sentence structure, incorrect use of conjunctions, non-standard diction, and ambiguity and inaccuracy of punctuation interfere with the effectiveness of communication in application letters. Therefore, the application of correct syntactic rules not only improves linguistic quality but also strengthens the professional image of applicants.

This study aims to analyze the syntactic structure and function in a news text containing the statement of the Speaker of the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR RI) regarding the case of a specialist medical education (PPDS) student at Padjadjaran University (UNPAD). The focus of this research is on identifying clauses, phrases, and sentence patterns, including syntactic errors found in the online news article. A descriptive qualitative method was used with a syntactic analysis approach. The results show that the news text contains a variety of simple and complex clause structures with syntactic functions that serve to deliver informative and persuasive messages. However, several syntactic errors were also found, such as ineffective sentence construction, phrase misplacement, and ambiguous meanings. These findings highlight the importance of syntactic accuracy in news writing to ensure clarity and precision of information. This research is expected to contribute to the field of syntax studies and help improve language quality in mass media writing.