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Although Indonesia has integrated SDG 6 goals into national development planning, access to safe drinking water and sanitation remains a challenge in rural areas, particularly due to suboptimal policy implementation at the local level. The PAMSIMAS program is a government policy designed to improve access to clean water and sanitation services thru a community empowerment approach. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the PAMSIMAS program policy in supporting the achievement of SDG 6 in Mentaras Village, Dukun District, Gresik Regency. The research approach is descriptive qualitative with data collection thru observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis was conducted using George C. Edwards III's policy implementation model, which includes communication, resources, executor disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research results show that the program implementation has achieved significant progress, marked by an increase in the number of households accessing clean water, affordable service costs, and community-based management thru BP-SPAMS and BUMDes that reflect the principle of accountability. However, the implementation of the program still faces challenges such as limited service coverage, an imbalance in the facilitator-to-beneficiary ratio, and coordination obstacles among implementing stakeholders. Therefore, strengthening the dimensions of communication, resources, and institutional coordination is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of program implementation and support the achievement of SDG 6 targets by 2030.

Old age is the final phase in the human life cycle, characterised by a decline in physiological function. Global data shows that the prevalence of old age will increase from 33.69 million to 48.19 million by 2035. One of the effects of this decline in physiological function is a disruption in the quality of sleep among the elderly. As many as 50-60% of elderly people in Indonesia experience sleep disorders. One way to overcome sleep disorders is through relaxation therapy. Progressive Muscle Relaxation is a technique performed by stretching and relaxing certain muscles to relax the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation on the quality of sleep in elderly people. This research method involved a nursing care process from assessment to evaluation using a case study design. The research sample consisted of one elderly person with moderate sleep quality. The intervention was given for 10-15 minutes using eight movements with a frequency of twice a week for one month. The data were analysed using pre-test and post-test PSQI questionnaires to determine sleep quality. The results of this study indicate that progressive muscle relaxation training has an effect on improving sleep quality in the elderly.

This study aims to analyze public relations strategies in the implementation of the Mental Revolution Program through Instagram at the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The Mental Revolution represents an effort to transform public mindsets, attitudes, and behaviors based on the values of integrity, work ethic, and mutual cooperation in order to build a progressive and competitive nation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation to ensure comprehensive findings. The results indicate that the implemented public relations strategies have optimally utilized social media as a means of public communication, particularly in reaching younger audiences. These strategies include the development of positive content, cross-sector collaboration, and the use of media relations to expand information dissemination. The SWOT analysis reveals that the main strengths lie in effective team coordination, structured communication strategies, and a strong organizational culture, while weaknesses include limited human resources and insufficient technological support. Opportunities arise from extensive networks with various institutions and media, whereas threats stem from public perceptions and limited communication competencies. In practice, the Mental Revolution Program is implemented participatively through various initiatives such as Indonesia Serving, Clean, Orderly, Independent, and United, which are disseminated via Instagram. However, its implementation has not been evenly distributed across regions and has only reached approximately 70%, due to budget constraints and varying levels of commitment among local governments. Therefore, the success of this program largely depends on synergy among stakeholders and consistency in internalizing transformative values within society.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economy, yet limited access to capital remains a major obstacle. Sharia financing from Islamic microfinance institutions is expected to support MSME business sustainability. This study aims to analyze MSME customers' perceptions of sharia financing, identify the internal and external factors influencing these perceptions, and examine the dynamics of perception changes after receiving multiple financing facilities. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation from MSME customers receiving sharia financing at BMT NU Ngoro Regional Office. Data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that MSME customers generally hold a positive perception of sharia financing. It is perceived as offering easy procedures, good service quality, and compliance with Islamic principles, thereby supporting capital increase and business sustainability. Perceptions are influenced by internal factors such as business experience and motivation, as well as external factors including market conditions and competition. Furthermore, customers' perceptions tend to become progressively more positive as their experience with receiving financing increases. The significant role of interpersonal service quality and mentoring in shaping positive perceptions is a key finding. In conclusion, sharia financing at BMT NU Ngoro Regional Office plays a vital role in supporting MSME business sustainability. Consequently, continuous improvement in service quality and business assistance is necessary.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease requiring long-term hemodialysis therapy that may cause physical, psychological, social, and spiritual problems. Patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience spiritual distress due to changes in health conditions and dependence on therapy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and the level of spiritual distress in chronic kidney disease patients at the Hemodialysis Unit of Baiturrahim Hospital Jambi. This study used a quantitative design with a cross sectional approach. The sample consisted of 57 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a spiritual distress questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.955. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents underwent hemodialysis for ≥12 months, totaling 39 respondents (68.4%), and the majority experienced moderate spiritual distress, totaling 20 respondents (35.1%). Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.030 (p<0.05), indicating a significant relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and the level of spiritual distress in chronic kidney disease patients. The longer patients undergo hemodialysis, the lighter the spiritual distress tends to be because patients gradually adapt to their disease condition and therapy.

Citizen Lawsuit (CLS) is a legal instrument through which citizens file lawsuits against the government for its negligence in fulfilling and protecting public rights. This study aims to analyze juridically the ruling in the CLS case concerning Jokowi’s diploma based on Decision Number 211/Pdt.G/2025/PN Skt. The method employed is normative legal research using both the statute approach and the case approach. Primary legal materials consist of court decisions, while secondary legal materials include relevant literature, journals, and legal doctrines. The findings indicate that the judges’ considerations in this case focused on the plaintiff’s legal standing and the government’s responsibility to fulfill citizens’ rights. The judges appear to have adopted a more progressive perspective in assessing state responsibility, although the implementation of the ruling still faces obstacles due to difficulties in effective enforcement. This study emphasizes the strategic role of CLS as a mechanism for monitoring public policy while also highlighting the urgency of strengthening regulations and ensuring consistency in judicial decisions to provide optimal protection of citizens’ rights.

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including the field of education, particularly Islamic Education. This study aims to explore various AI-based learning strategies that can be implemented to create a more effective, interactive, and contemporary learning process. The method employed in this study is a literature review by examining various scholarly sources, such as journals, books, and academic articles discussing the implementation of AI in education. The findings indicate that the integration of AI can be realized through personalized learning tailored to students’ needs, the use of chatbots as learning assistants, the analysis of students’ progress and learning outcomes, as well as the utilization of technology-based learning media. These strategies are not only capable of improving students’ cognitive aspects but can also strengthen the internalization of Islamic values when applied appropriately and systematically. Furthermore, this study emphasizes that teachers’ technological competence, infrastructure readiness, and the development of an adaptive curriculum are crucial factors in the successful implementation of AI-based learning within the context of Islamic Education.

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive decline in kidney function that leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, requiring fluid restriction which often causes thirst and may result in ineffective peripheral perfusion. One non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be applied is the ice cube sucking technique as part of fluid management. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of education the ice cube sucking technique in improving fluid management and peripheral perfusion in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. The study used a descriptive case study design with a nursing process approach conducted over three sessions in an elderly patient with chronic kidney disease. The intervention was delivered in three sessions, each lasting approximately 15–20 minutes. The results showed a reduction in thirst complaints, improvement in peripheral perfusion indicated by capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds and warm extremities, as well as increased patient and family ability in managing fluid intake. In conclusion, the ice cube sucking technique are effective nursing interventions in fluid management and improving peripheral perfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The search and booking of boarding houses (kost) remain a significant challenge for newcomers in campus areas, particularly in Kelurahan Samata, home to UIN Alauddin Makassar, which admits approximately 15,000 new students annually. Many of these students come from outside the region and require temporary accommodation near the campus. This issue is primarily caused by limited access to information and the lack of an optimal system to support the search and booking process. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the level of user acceptance of the developed system. This study aims to analyze user acceptance of a boarding house search and booking information system in the case of Kelurahan Samata using the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) method. UAT is a testing approach used to determine whether a system meets user requirements, is accepted according to expected standards, and to identify the need for further improvements to ensure its feasibility for use. The UAT was conducted by end users, namely boarding house seekers and property owners/managers, by responding to 10 evaluation indicators: (1) ease of search, (2) time efficiency, (3) booking process, (4) geospatial search features, (5) completeness of information, (6) availability of suitable boarding houses, (7) accuracy of information, (8) ease of payment process, (9) check-in scheduling, and (10) navigation features for directions. The results of the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) indicate that the system achieved an average score of 87.77, suggesting that the system is highly acceptable and significantly facilitates users. These findings demonstrate that the system is well received by users, confirming that it functions effectively and is capable of accommodating all required functionalities.

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive decline in kidney function that leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, requiring fluid restriction which often causes thirst and may result in ineffective peripheral perfusion. One non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be applied is the ice cube sucking technique as part of fluid management. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of education the ice cube sucking technique in improving fluid management and peripheral perfusion in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. The study used a descriptive case study design with a nursing process approach conducted over three sessions in an elderly patient with chronic kidney disease. The intervention was delivered in three sessions, each lasting approximately 15–20 minutes. The results showed a reduction in thirst complaints, improvement in peripheral perfusion indicated by capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds and warm extremities, as well as increased patient and family ability in managing fluid intake. In conclusion, the ice cube sucking technique are effective nursing interventions in fluid management and improving peripheral perfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of development management in Tulang Bawang Regency, particularly in integrating policy, fiscal capacity, and public participation during the transition to the 2025–2029 Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD). The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using data triangulation techniques derived from regional planning documents, financial statistical reports, and sectoral program evaluation results. The findings reveal that Tulang Bawang Regency has achieved significant progress in regional transformation and succeeded in reducing stunting rates through the Bergerak Melayani Warga (BMW) program. However, these achievements have not been supported by strong fiscal independence, while public participation remains largely dominated by a technocratic approach. The study highlights the urgent need for reforms in digitalization-based regional revenue management and stronger substantive community involvement to ensure that future regional development becomes more independent, participatory, sustainable, and inclusive in accordance with local community aspirations. These reforms are expected to strengthen governance effectiveness and improve equitable development outcomes across all regional sectors.

Pressure ulcers are a common complication in patients with impaired consciousness due to prolonged immobilization. This condition can increase morbidity and prolong the length of stay, thus requiring effective preventive interventions such as progressive mobilization. To determine the outcomes of implementing progressive mobilization on the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with impaired consciousness at the Anggrek 2 High Care Unit (HCU) of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital. This study employed a case study design involving two participants with impaired consciousness. The intervention, consisting of progressive mobilization, was conducted over 3 days with monitoring of skin condition and pressure ulcer risk. Findings: Following the implementation of progressive mobilization, both participants showed improvement in skin condition and a reduction in the risk of pressure ulcers, as evidenced by the absence of progression to more severe wounds and an increase in skin integrity. The application of progressive mobilization is effective in preventing and reducing the risk of pressure ulcers in patients with impaired consciousness. This intervention can serve as a safe and planned nursing intervention in the intensive care unit.

Laparotomy is a major surgical procedure associated with a high risk of acute postoperative pain. According to Gan (2017), if pain is not properly managed, it can progress to chronic pain. (Toro et al., 2018) reported that severe pain on the first postoperative day is still commonly found in laparotomy patients, while (Small & Laycock, 2020) indicated that moderate to severe pain within the first 24 hours following major surgery remains a significant clinical issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological pain management following laparotomy under general anesthesia, specifically to identify the types of opioid analgesics used, analyze their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity, identify side effects, and examine administration techniques and routes. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases covering the years 2015–2026. The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and retrospective studies addressing opioid pharmacological pain management in adult patients following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Study quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review indicate that opioids are effective in reducing postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. The most commonly used opioids are morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone. Of all the opioids reviewed, oxycodone provided the best pain control, while intrathecal morphine was most effective in reducing the need for supplemental opioids during the early postoperative period. Other opioids, such as extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate and tegileridine, are also effective, but the number of studies is still limited. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, and dizziness. Pharmacological pain management using opioids is effective in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone are the most commonly used opioids. Oxycodone and intrathecal morphine have shown good results in improving pain control and reducing the need for supplemental opioids. The selection of opioid type, dosage, and administration technique must be tailored to the patient’s clinical condition to achieve optimal analgesia with minimal side effects.

This study aims to identify and analyze the application of Pancasila values in the development of Indonesian tourism as a foundation for ethics and character. The method used is library research, reviewing various relevant written sources, including books, journals, articles, and other academic publications. The findings indicate that globalization exerts both positive and negative influences on Indonesian tourism, while simultaneously opening opportunities for the advancement of more ethical and responsible tourism practices. The integration of Pancasila values within the tourism sector such as mutual cooperation, environmental stewardship, social justice, and respect for cultural diversity can foster sustainable tourism development that balances economic growth with moral responsibility. Furthermore, these values contribute to strengthening national identity, preserving local wisdom, and enhancing community participation in tourism activities. The study also highlights that tourism grounded in Pancasila principles can improve social welfare by empowering local communities and promoting inclusive development. In conclusion, the application of Pancasila principles in tourism development is essential for maintaining a balance between economic progress and socio-cultural preservation, while reinforcing national character and resilience in the face of globalization and rapid global change.

Uterine myoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus commonly found in women of reproductive age and may cause symptoms related to mass effect and hematologic disturbances. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman presenting with progressive vaginal pain for 3 months, accompanied by low back pain and impaired daily activities, without vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, fever, or urinary or defecatory symptoms. Laboratory examination revealed severe microcytic hypochromic anemia with a hemoglobin level of 4.7 g/dL, while ultrasonography demonstrated a 9.93 × 10.32 cm mass described as symmetric, well circumscribed, and hyperechoic, leading to a working diagnosis of uterine myoma with anemia. The patient was managed with general condition monitoring, intravenous fluids, analgesics, transfusion of four units of packed red cells, and laparotomy as definitive intervention. Following transfusion and surgery, the hemoglobin level increased to 9.4 g/dL and subsequently to 11.0 g/dL, accompanied by improvement in postoperative symptoms and clinical condition. This case demonstrates that a large uterine myoma may present predominantly with pelvic pain and functional impairment in the absence of vaginal bleeding. A comprehensive approach involving systematic evaluation, preoperative correction of anemia, appropriate surgical intervention, and postoperative monitoring is essential to improve safety and clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic pelvic masses.

The development of fine motor skills in elementary school-aged children is crucial for academic achievement and daily activities. However, some children still experience delays in fine motor skills due to lack of stimulation, a lack of varied teaching methods, and the impact of technology use and learning after the pandemic. This study aims to improve fine motor skills in elementary school children through Educational Activities Using LEGO Bricks. The method used is a play-based learning approach integrated into thematic learning. The activities were conducted in several structured sessions, including an introduction, core activities, and reflection and evaluation. Participants were elementary school students who actively participated in LEGO assembly activities both individually and in groups. The results showed improvements in fine motor skills, evident in improvements in hand-eye coordination, accuracy, concentration, and manipulative abilities. Students also demonstrated great enthusiasm and progress in creativity when creating various types of works. The discussion indicates that playing with LEGO is beneficial for training small muscles in the hands through pinching, pressing, and arranging activities, as well as supporting cognitive development and a passion for learning. In other words, the LEGO Brick Educational Play Movement has proven to be an innovative and fun learning medium, as well as effective in developing the fine motor skills of elementary school students.

This case report examines the effectiveness of a combined pulmonary rehabilitation and musculoskeletal physiotherapy program for a 26-year-old male post-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with lumbar tuberculous spondylitis. The patient, who had completed anti-tuberculosis treatment, presented with low back pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and limited mobility. Spirometry indicated severe restrictive ventilatory impairment (FVC 1.28 L, 32% of predicted), and lower extremity muscle strength was reduced (MMT 2-3/5). The patient used a TLSO brace and walking aid. Over a three-week physiotherapy program, the patient participated in breathing exercises, spinal mobilization, muscle strengthening, functional exercises, and education on brace use. Evaluation occurred at the first, second, and third weeks. After treatment, pain intensity decreased from VAS 6 to VAS 3, FVC improved to 1.72 L, chest expansion increased, muscle strength improved to MMT 4/5, and performance on the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test showed progress. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score increased from 98 to 115, reflecting improved functional independence. These findings suggest that the combination of pulmonary and musculoskeletal physiotherapy effectively improved respiratory function, muscle strength, and the patient’s overall functional capacity.

. The Agropolitan Program based on corn commodities in Gorontalo Province aims to enhance agricultural productivity, improve farmers’ welfare, and strengthen the competitiveness of corn. This study examines the progress of program implementation and its impact on production, quality, export volume, and competitiveness. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing SWOT analysis and the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method. Data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, relevant institutions, as well as limited observations and interviews.The results indicate that the Agropolitan Program has contributed positively to the expansion of harvested areas and increased corn production, particularly during the 2020–2024 period. This increase is not only evident in terms of quantity but has also begun to show improvements in the quality of yields, although these improvements are not yet evenly distributed across regions. However, export performance remains fluctuating, with unstable RCA values, indicating that the competitiveness of corn in the international market still faces various challenges.This condition is influenced by limitations in logistics infrastructure, weak farmer institutions, dependence on middlemen, and the suboptimal integration of the value chain from upstream to downstream. In addition, access to technology, financing, and market information remains a significant constraint that needs to be addressed. It is concluded that the success of the program requires strengthening institutional capacity, improving distribution efficiency, and implementing sustainable and integrated export policies to support the stability and long-term competitiveness of corn.