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Osteoarthritis is often found in the elderly which is characterized by damage to the cartilage located in the joints caused by mechanical or biochemical stress on the body. Most osteoarthritis is found in the knee joint with complaints of pain and decreased range of motion. Its management can be carried out with non-pharmacological therapy, namely stretching exercise therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stretching exercise therapy on decreasing the pain scale and increasing the range of motion of the knee joint in osteoarthritis patients. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-post test approach, a sample of 30 patients was obtained by total sampling technique. The instrument in this study was the verbal descriptor scale (VDS) pain scale observation sheet. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of the study before stretching exercise therapy showed that the knee joint pain scale in osteoarthritis patients averaged 4.50 and after stretching exercise therapy the knee joint pain scale decreased to 1.93. And the Wilcoxon signed rank test obtained a significance value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05) which means that there is an effect of stretching exercise therapy on reducing the knee joint pain scale in osteoarthritis patients. Stretching exercise therapy is able to optimally increase muscle flexibility and range of joint motion so that it can have the effect of reducing or eliminating joint pain.

During menstruation one of the most common complaints experienced by adolescents during menstruation caused by severe contractions of the uterine muscles is called dysmenorrhea. Almost all teenage daughters experience menstrual pain with levels of pain ranging from mild to severe. The absence of teenagers at school is one of the consequences of dysmenorrhea. Abdominal Stretching Exercise is an alternative non-pharmacological therapy option that can reduce dysmenorrhea. During exercise, there will be an increase in the levels of endorphins produced in the brain and also in the spinal cord nerve structure. To find out the impact of abdominal stretching exercises on decreased dysmenorrhea in teenage girls. This type of research is pre-experimental with the design of one group pretest posttest with a sample of 26 respondents. The research tools used in this data collection are the numeric rating scale questionnaire sheet and the observation sheet. The abdominal stretching exercise is performed on the first day of menstruation twice with a duration of 15 minutes. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Before performing abdominal stretching exercises some respondents experienced severe to moderate pain. The Wilcoxon test results showed an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of <0.05 which means there is an effect of Abdominal Stretching Exercise on Dismenorean Pain Reduction in Teenage Girls. The abdominal stretching exercises have an effect on dismenoreal pain reduction in teenage girls.

Menstruation or menstruation is a sign that the reproductive system and organs in women are functioning. Menstruation causes various complaints such as discomfort caused by excessive bleeding during menstruation and complaints of pain known as dysmenorrhoea. Around 55 percent of women of childbearing age in Indonesia suffer from menstrual pain. Non-pharmacological therapies that can treat dysmenorrhoea are warm compresses and ginger aromatherapy. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses on menstrual pain in adolescents. The research design uses a quasi-experimental with control group design. The intervention group was given ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses on the first day of menstruation, while the control group was not given any intervention. Data analysis used the Mann Whitney test. The population in this study were all class IX female students at Sriwijaya Middle School, Palembang. The sampling technique used purposive sampling totaling 30 respondents. The menstrual pain scale uses the Numeric Ratting Scale (NRS). The results of the Mann Whitney test obtained a p value of 0.001, meaning that there was a difference in the pain scale in the intervention group that was given ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses for menstrual pain in teenagers compared to the control group that was not given the intervention. It is recommended that health workers intensify education regarding complementary therapies in reducing menstrual pain in adolescents.

Background: Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is a condition when the pad or disc (soft gel disc or nucleus pulposus) between the vertebrae (spine) comes out of its original position or is torn and pinches the nerve behind it. Many people know it as "pinched nerve". HNP most often occurs in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (waist) vertebrae. The neck has 7 vertebrae. Cervical HNP (pinched neck nerve) most often affects the C6-C7 segment followed by the C5-6 segment because this segment is the part that moves most often and is easily affected by the degeneration process. Neck HNP most often occurs in men aged 45-55 years. Risk factors that increase the appearance of cervical HNP or pinched neck nerves include genetics, smoking, being overweight (obesity), work that often involves bending over and lifting heavy objects or operating machines with vibrating forces, and injury. Nerve mobilization in the Upper Limb Tension Test ( ULTT) is performed on branches of the Brachial plexus such as the radial nerve, median nerve and ulnar nerve. But here the author only discusses ULTT on the median nerve, namely ULTT 1 which is related to CTS. The aim is to determine physiotherapy management and the effect of Ultrasoundtherapy therapy and nerve mobilization using the ULTT 1 method in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on reducing pain and increasing the functional ability of the hand. Two group pre test and post test method. RESEARCH PLACE: Physiotherapy clinic, RSU Sidoarjo. TIME: Measuring instrument: Visual Analouge Scale (VAS). Results: treatment using the Mann-Whtney test. With confidence interval (CI) (95%) The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in pain in group 1 (p = 0.00) and group 2 (p = 0.00). But there was no significant difference between the two groups in pain improvement (p = 0.152), so there was no better treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that ULTT is useful in treating cervical HNP patients to reduce pain in two groups. The targeted outcomes are publications in national journals indexed by Sinta and HAKI. The TKT target for implementing this gamelan accompaniment exercise is level 2.

SA survey by the Indonesian Ministry of Health found that 25% of fracture sufferers died, 45% experienced physical disabilities, 15% experienced psychological stress due to anxiety and even depression and 10% recovered well. Both open and closed fractures will affect nerve fibers which can cause pain and discomfort. Efforts that can be made to reduce pain in fracture patients are with one of the non-pharmacological techniques, namely guided imagination. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of guided imagination on reducing pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Hospital 2024. The type of research is Quasi Experiment research with a One Group Pre-test Post-test design. The population in this study were all fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in the period 4 March - 2 April 2024, totaling 52 people and the sample was taken using a purposive sampling method, namely 35 people. Data collection used a numerical scale research instrument sheet or The Pain Numerical Rating Scale (PNRS). The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of this study show that statistical analysis showed that the difference in average pain intensity in fracture patients before guided imagination was 6.83 and after guided imagination was 3.46 with a probability value of (p=0.000), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that guided imagination had an effect on reducing the intensity. pain in fracture patients. In conclusion, there is an effect of providing guided imagery on pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in 2024.

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the world. In general, this pain is caused by muscle stretching and increasing age which will cause the intensity of exercise and movement to decrease. This will cause the back and abdominal muscles to become weak. Objective: In this study, to analyze the effect of warm compresses of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District. Method: Using a one group pre test-post test design, this research design is included in the Pre-Experimental research type and the sample size is 56 fishermen using instruments in the form of SOPs and observation sheets. The analysis used is the Willcoxon test. Results: It was found that there was an effect of warm red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) compresses on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: There is an influence between the pain scale before and after being given a warm compress of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District.  

Post Sectio Caesarea mothers will feel pain in the incision wound or surgical area. Pain will hinder Activities of Daily Living (ADL), attachment bonding and mobilization due to an increase in pain intensity when the mother moves. One of the non-pharmacological pain management methods is massage. The massage that can be done on Post Sectio Caesarea mothers is foot massage, because the nocireceptors or nerves that initiate the sensation of pain are located on the surface of the internal tissue and under the dense skin of the feet. Objective: To determine the results of the implementation of foot massage on the pain level of clients after caesarea section surgery at Kartini Karanganyar Regional Hospital. This research is a case study with a pre-experimental method with one group pre test-post test design. Using 2 respondents, pre-test and post-test pain scale measurements were carried out. Foot massage was carried out once with a duration of 20 minutes for 2 days, the pain scale was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The client's pain scale after caesarea section surgery before being given foot massage was in the moderate scale category and after being given foot massage it became light scale pain. There is a decrease in the client's pain scale after caesarea section surgery before and after being given foot massage in the Teratai 1 Room at Kartini Karanganyar District Hospital.  

Background: Surgery is an invasive medical procedure to diagnose or treat a disease, which causes pain. Postoperative pain is a common and frequent problem. Early mobilization is very important as a gradual return to the previous mobilization stage. Early mobilization is carried out in stages to reduce the intensity of pain felt by the patient by carrying out early ambulation in stages from the first 8 hours. Objective: To determine the results of implementing early mobilization to reduce pain intensity in post-operative patients at the Cempaka HCU, Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Method: This type of research is descriptive research in the form of a case study. Involving 2 post-operative patients. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) questionnaire. Results: research shows that before implementing early mobilization on Mr. S, an NRS score of 8 (severe pain) was obtained, while for Mrs. S obtained an NRS score of 4, likewise for Mrs. Conclusion: After applying early mobilization for 3 consecutive days to Mr.S and Mrs.N, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in the level of pain in both patients.    

Background : Based on the WHO suevey around 529 million people around the world suffer from osteoartgritis. In Indonesia people who ferment arthritis disease numer 181,556. Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive joint disorder that typically occurs in middle to old age with reference to cartilage damage located in bone joints. In osteoarthritis a deterioration of the caetilage tissue in the joint region will result in pain and rigidity that lead to motion impairment. Non pharmalogical therapy is recommended with steaming giner stew. Objective The ginger stew therapy is for lowering the scale of pain in oldet osteoarthritis. Method :  The research used was a descriptive study using case study methods. The subject pf the board’s diagnosis is two osteoarthritis respondens. Result : A case dtudy has shown that there has been a decline in the scare of pain in older osteoarthritis. Conclusion : The progression of the scales of pain before and after application of the ginger stew made 2 respondents had a decrease I the scale of the pain with a 2-3 scale

Background: Pain is the reason most frequently complained by patients to seek help from a health facility and this condition almost always indicates a disease condition or pathological process. Surgery as one of the causes of pain is an invasive medical procedure used to diagnose or treat disease, injury or body deformity. Objectives: To determine the effect of early mobilization on reducing the pain scale in post-operative patients at K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang. Methods: This type of research is descriptive research in the form of a case study in November 2023 at K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang. The sample was 2 post-operative patients. Data analysis by changing the data obtained in narrative form and interpreting the results. Findings: In the first respondent, after early mobilization for 3 days, the pain scale decreased from scale 6 (moderate pain) to scale 2 (mild pain), in the second respondent, before early mobilization for 3 days, the pain scale decreased from scale 7 (severe pain) to scale 3 (mild pain). Implications: provide information for nurses and future researchers regarding early mobilization as a development of nursing interventions to reduce postoperative pain

Surgery is an invasive treatment that involves opening a part of the body through an incision which ends with closing or suturing the wound. Molecular mechanisms for treating pain have led to the development of multimodal analgesia, combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Benson Relaksası is a development of the deep breathing relaxation method by involving the patient's key factors which can create a calm environment. To find out the results of applying Benson relaxation therapy to reduce pain intensity in post laparotomy patients at HCU Cempaka Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. This type of research is descriptive research in the form of a case study. Involving 2 post-operative patients. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) questionnaire. The results of the study showed that before applying Benson relaxation therapy to Mr. M, an NRS score of 7 (severe pain) was obtained, while for Mrs. Trn.M obtained an NRS score of 3, indicating both patients experienced mild pain after the intervention.  After applying benson relaxation for 3 consecutive days on Mr. M and Mrs. H, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in the level of pain in both patients.

Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological complaint resulting from an imbalance of the hormone progesterone in the blood, resulting in pain. The impact of menstrual pain is very diverse, including young women being unable to walk, having difficulty sleeping, being in a bad mood, losing concentration in doing something, and so on. Gymnastics is a relaxation technique for experiencing dysmenorrhea. To find out nursing care for adolescents with reproductive disorders, dysmenorrhea, the design used in this scientific report is a case study. This case study results from the application of Evidence Based Practice (EBP), client K experienced moderate dysmenorrhea pain on a scale of 4 after being given the intervention, decreasing to mild pain on a scale of 2, client R experienced mild dysmenorrhea pain with a pain scale of 3 after being given the intervention, decreasing to mild pain on a scale of 1 and client S experienced mild dysmenorrhea pain with a pain level of 3 after being given the intervention, decreasing to no pain on a scale of 0. Applying Evidence Based Practice (EBP) it can be concluded that dysmenorrhea exercises can reduce the dysmenorrhea pain experienced by young women during menstruation.

Physiological processes such as pregnancy, labor and birth can be difficult and can occur at any time, and can have serious impacts on the mother and fetus. So the SC ERACS method of delivery is an option. ERACS is a SC delivery technique that is becoming increasingly popular in society, especially among pregnant women because it can shorten recovery time after surgery and reduce post-operative pain. This study aims to describe the level of pain in patients post caesarean section using the ERACS method. This research is a quantitative descriptive study, data collection using accidental sampling techniques, namely all SC ERACS patients at H.A Zaky Djunaid Hospital for 1 month, namely 52 respondents. This research instrument uses NRS. The data analysis used is univariate in the form of a frequency distribution. The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents were mostly in the early adulthood category, namely aged 26-35 years, 27 respondents (51.9%), 34 respondents (65.4%) respondents who did not work, 24 respondents (46.2) who indicated a history of SC, and 41 respondents (78.8%) were multiparous. The pain level of post-SC patients using the ERACS method, the majority of mothers experienced mild pain on a scale of 1-3, 47 respondents (90.4%). The conclusion that can be drawn is that the pain level of post-SC patients using the ERACS method is that most mothers experience mild pain.

The process of installing an IV will cause pain which can disturb the child. Pain is an unpleasant event in individuals that can cause sufferers to feel sick. Apart from that, there will be changes in vital signs such as increased pulse rate, blood pressure and breathing, so it will be an unpleasant experience for the child. Pain from installing IV fluids in children can be minimized with non-pharmacological measures which aim to manage pain, namely with relaxation therapy, playing blowing propellers. To determine the effectiveness of blowing propeller play therapy on reducing pain in children when installing an IV. This research uses a descriptive case study with a nursing process approach with a case study design of 3 respondents, with a paper propeller game and the Wong Baker pain scale. The data collection process was carried out on respondents by blowing a propeller for 5 minutes on each respondent. The research results showed that play therapy blowing propellers was effective in reducing the intensity of pain in children after installing an IV as proven in An. B from scale 7 to scale 4, An. Z from scale 8 to scale 6, and An. R from scale 7 to scale 5. The results of the research are that it is hoped that propeller blowing therapy can reduce the intensity of pain in children after infusion.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the problems experienced by female students during menstruation and causes pain in the lower abdomen, thus disrupting learning activities on campus. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity, nutritional status, and stress levels on the incidence of dysmenorrhea in Nutrition students at Surabaya State University. The method in this study was quantitative analytical observational with cross sectional research design. The sample of this study was 80 female nutrition students of Surabaya State University who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were physical activity questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), stress level questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42), and dysmenorrhea questionnaire (Verbal Descriptor Scale). Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank test. The results showed that most of the Nutrition students of Surabaya State University experienced moderate physical activity (63.7%), normal nutritional status (55%), mild stress (57.5%), and mild dysmenorrhea (47.5%). The results showed that there was no significant relationship between physical activity and the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p>0.05). There is no significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p>0.05). There is a significant relationship between stress level and the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p<0.05). In conclusion, physical activity and nutritional status were not associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between stress level and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in Nutrition students of Surabaya State University. Suggestions for future researchers to examine other variables such as the relationship between food intake and the incidence of dysmenorrhea and use the measurement of academic stress questionnaire to measure the stress level of students so that the results can be more specific.      

Craniotomy is a neurosurgical procedure for treating diseases or disorders in the head or brain. The craniotomy procedure can cause side effects in the form of pain. Pain is a sensation that arises due to tissue damage, involving a person's physical, emotional and mental reactions. Pain management is a non-pharmacological treatment used in the health world to reduce pain after patients undergo medical procedures. One of the pain management used in this case study is finger grip. This study aims to implement evidence-based practice of the finger grip method to reduce pain. This study uses a descriptive method with a case study approach. This study involved a patient who had undergone craniotomy surgery. Data was collected through interviews and document study. Data processing is carried out using pain scale measurements and monitoring vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration and temperature. The instruments used were books, pens and pain measurement scale paper. This case study shows that the finger grip technique is effective in reducing pain in patients who are experiencing pain. This is proven by the change in the level of pain when the finger grip management technique was applied for 3 days of application which decreased significantly. The results of the case study show that pain management using the finger grip technique is effective in reducing pain in patients, resulting in a significant reduction in pain scale

Ca mammae refers to a breach in breast tissue, originating from both the epithelium of the ductus and the lobe, spreading through lymphatic vessels to other organs in the body and potentially resulting in metastases? Swelling of the breasts signals this process, causing pain that, if not addressed, could result in complications and discomfort. Deep breathing techniques and hand massage can alleviate the pain. The criteria of the patients with ca mammae are mild to moderate pain, and those with emergency conditions, shortness of breath, olive oil allergies, and injuries to hands and infusions. This quantitative quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design used purposive sampling techniques on a sample of 45 people. This study uses a numerical assessment scale (NRS). The researchers analyze the data using the Wilcoxson test. The results showed a p-value of 0.000 for the majority of adults aged 46–65 (48.9%), PS education (44.4%), unemployment (82.2%), stage (62.2%), and treatment (53.3%). This study finds the effect on the ca mammae patient. When using more pure oils, additional research recommendations should be considered.

Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that occurs in the lower abdomen and spreads to the back, waist, pelvis, upper thighs, and calves. The cause of dysmenorrhea is an increase in prostaglandin levels so that the contractility of the uterine muscle is ischemic as a result of the vasoconstrictive effect produced by prostaglandins. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents is 90% consisting of  75% -80% primary dysmenorrhea and 10% - 15% experiencing secondary dysmenorrhea, while data from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in Malaysia (69.4%), Thailand (84.2%), and Indonesia (65%). The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia in 2018 was 64.25% consisting of 54.89% primary dysmenorrhea and 9.36% secondary dysmenorrhea. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of administering avocado juice (Persea americana Mill) on reducing the rate of primary dysmenorrhea in first-level students of applied undergraduate study programs at the Indonesian Ministry of Health Polytechnic in Medan in 2023.The type of research used was Quasi Experiment with One Group Pretest and Posttest design. The sample in the study amounted to 30 people. The results of the research on the experimental group obtained a decrease in menstrual pain scale with an average of 2.66. The results of the analysis using the Wilcoxon test with a 95% level of confidence show a Sig (2-tailed) value of <0.05, which means that there is an effect of giving avocado juice on a decrease in primary dysmenorrhea in first level female students of the Bachelor of Applied Midwifery Study Program, Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan in 2023. It is expected that Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan to be able to utilize avocado fruit which is processed into juice in reducing menstrual pain in female students and for future researchers to be able to use my thesis as a reference.

Post SC patients will complain of pain in the incision area caused by tearing tissue in the abdominal wall and uterine wall. Back pain or pain in the nape is also a complaint commonly felt by post-SC mothers, it is due to the effects of using epidural anesthesia during surgery. But after the operation is complete and the patient begins to regain consciousness, he will feel pain in the part of the body that undergoes surgery. Sectio caesarea surgery has complications of infection, bleeding, injury to the bladder, The purpose of this study was to determine the Comparison of the Effectiveness of aroma therapy lemon and classical music therapy lullaby Against the Pain Scale in Post Partum Mothers after sectio caesarea surgery in the Babusalam Room of Tugu Ibu Hospital in 2023. Research Design Quasi-experimental method is a research method that in its implementation does not use random assignment (random assignment) but by using existing groups. The population in this study is all postoperative caesarean section patients totaling 150 people from caesarean section data from April to May 2023 at Tugu Ibu Hospital. The sample in this study was 30 people divided into 2 intervention groups, each group consisting of 15 people. This study obtained data that before being given therapy, a comparison of post-test pain in the lemon aromatherapy group and lullaby classical music after caesarean section surgery obtained a p value of 0.000, because p > 0.05 it was concluded that there was a significant difference in pain scale after being given lemon aromatherapy therapy and lullaby classical music, which was more effective lemon aroma therapy. Advice For health workers or nurses can apply the administration of Aroma Therapy and Classical Music Therapy to reduce the Pain Scale in Post Partum Mothers after sectio caesarea surgery

Prolonged sitting habits among university students increase the risk of postural abnormalities such as forward head posture and rounded shoulders, which may lead to low back pain and reduced quality of life. The lack of postural awareness and limited preventive interventions on campuses are pressing issues to address.This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of an educational and corrective exercise program consisting of back strengthening and mobility exercises on improving student posture. This study applied a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 30 students with ≥4 hours/day of sitting participated in a 4-week intervention program (3 sessions per week). Measured parameters included Forward Head Posture (FHP), Rounded Shoulder Posture (RSP), and the Postural Awareness Scale (PAS). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. The results indicated significant reductions in FHP (mean decrease of 2.30 cm) and RSP (mean decrease of 7.2°), along with a significant increase in PAS scores (mean increase of 15.49 points) with p < 0.01. The program effectively improved both postural alignment and awareness. A combination of postural education and corrective exercises is effective in improving student posture. This intervention is recommended as a preventive and promotive approach to musculoskeletal health in university settings.