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The role and leadership of women in the cultural and religious context of ancient Israel, as recorded in the Old Testament of the Bible, is the focus of this research. Even though that period was dominated by a patriarchal societal structure, several women emerged as influential figures and main leaders. This research examines the contribution of female figures in shaping Israel's history and theology. Examples such as Deborah, Esther, Miriam, and Rahab highlight the important role of women in the history and development of Israelite religion, although they are often overlooked in theological and historical studies. This research confirms that women's leadership in the Old Testament not only reflects the position of women in ancient society, but also confirms that leadership is not exclusive to men. These stories illustrate that women in the Old Testament had the capacity and skills to lead effectively. They broke cultural norms and demonstrated that their leadership not only benefited the nation of Israel, but also honored God.

In this article, the role and leadership of women during the Old Testament period is discussed, especially focusing on the figure of Deborah. Although Middle Eastern culture during this period tended to give priority to men, many women played significant roles in history, including Deborah, Esther, and Vashti. As the first female judge in Israel, Deborah had a very important role in leading her nation against the oppression and challenges it faced. Her leadership shows that women are capable of having a strong and effective influence in bringing change to society, and underlines that leadership is not a gender issue, but rather about influence, courage and loyalty to God's will.

The Welhausen group teaches that eschatology is a concept that first appeared before the current post-exilic era. Many Bible scholars admit that the concept of God is closely related to the history of the salvation of the Israelites and gives them eschatological hope. The vision of eschatology in the Old Testament is a unique phenomenon that occurred in the Israeli nation and is not found outside of Israel because eschatology did not appear in religious communities that doubted God's guidance. Eschatology is the religious belief of the Israeli people which grew from their faith in God who provided salvation for their people

The background to this Community Service activity is: First, there is a need to refresh the understanding of 'Being like Christ', especially in terms of the characteristics of facing suffering, in the context of the weeks leading up to the commemoration of Good Friday. Second, there is a tendency for believers to doubt the perfection of Christ's sacrifice for salvation, with contemporary teachings, especially progressive Christianity which emphasizes good deeds in salvation, not the work of Christ. The purpose of this article is: First, to explain the meaning of 'becoming like Christ' for believers. Second, to explain the perfection of Christ's sacrifice for human salvation. The method used to present this article is the descriptive method, while the method used in the activity is the lecture method. The results of this activity are: First, becoming like Christ according to Philippians 2:6-8 in terms of humility (verses 6-7), obedience to God (8a) and willingness to sacrifice (8b). The perfection of Christ's sacrifice according to Hebrews 10:1-5 shows that Christ's sacrifice is superior to the sacrifices in the Old Testament (1-7), Christ's sacrifice was carried out once and for all (10), Christ's sacrifice perfected the salvation of believers (14). Second, the results of audience satisfaction are as follows: Data on the average level of satisfaction from the two activities, namely from 50 samples who gave answers to the satisfaction level questionnaire: no people (0%) said they were dissatisfied, 1 person (2.0%) said less satisfied, 3.5 people (6.94%) said they were neutral, 40 people (79.09%) said they were satisfied and 6 people (12.00%) said they were very satisfied. It can be concluded that the majority of respondents expressed satisfaction, and a small percentage stated they were very satisfied. The level of respondent satisfaction is high.

Women's leadership is nothing new in this modern era but has always been an interesting issue to discuss. The Bible records that Esther was a Jewish woman who was later appointed Queen of Persia to replace Vashti who then fought as leader for her Jewish people. The research method used is a qualitative method with literature research and Old Testament studies to clearly understand Esther's leadership style which can be applied in the current era of emancipation and Christian leadership. The research results show that Esther is able to become a heroic leader, supported by her excellent ability to communicate verbally and non-verbally.

Repentance is needed because humans realize that they are sinners. Sinful people must be saved through repentance, without repentance sinful humans cannot be saved. Thus repentance has a strong connection with the salvation of believers. Salvation in the concept of the Old Testament people was to turn around and live in God's law. If they repent and obey, they will be saved, that is, they will be blessed with physical blessings such as victory over war, successful harvests, and being able to perform worship. On the other hand, if they do not repent of their sins, they will be condemned or cursed by God. This understanding of repentance and salvation has been adopted by adherents of prosperity theology. They say that Christians who have had their sins forgiven through repentance will be saved and live abundantly with physical blessings, success and prosperity. For the New Testament people, the goal of repentance and salvation is to achieve physical blessings like the Old Testament people or adherents of prosperity theology. This research tries to research and find the correct understanding of repentance and salvation which has implications for the responsibility of believers to maintain the holiness of their lives every day because humans are the holy image of God on this earth. The aim of this research is to find the true understanding of repentance and salvation in Christianity which has implications for the responsibility of Christians to live without falling into sin again or to live in the morality of God's holy holiness. The research in this paper uses a qualitative approach with the technique of writing a literature review or literature study. The research results show that the understanding of repentance and salvation to achieve the image of God who is in the image and likeness of God has implications for the responsibility of the congregation to achieve the morality of holiness like God. This research also shows that repentance is the renewal of the mind until it has thoughts and feelings like Christ. This research also found that the notion of repentance and salvation only by God's grace alone on the basis of damage to God's image in humans based on God's absolute sovereignty has no implications for the believer's responsibility to strive to live without sin or without blemish. Repentance is completely a gift where humans cannot exercise their free will to choose so that believers are not required to take a proportional responsibility to change their character based on individual decisions in order to live a holy life. Repentance in Christianity is no longer focused on physical blessings but on the restoration of God's image with the responsibility of the believer's holy life

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the audio-visual method for grade 3 elementary school students in understanding Old Testament character material, including the stories of Jacob, Joseph and Moses. This research uses a direct observation method with the aim of knowing the learning situations that occur, especially in understanding the story material of Old Testament characters. A teacher must provide interesting and fun learning so that children can draw conclusions from the learning. Audio-visual methods can expedite understanding And strengthen memory student so that on Finally expected student can understand learning specifically know channel story And message from story figure The Old Testament includes story Jacob , the story of Joseph, and the story of Moses.

Leaders are people who can be entrusted with leadership, not just anyone, but people who really have a leadership spirit because we can see from Bible figures in the Old Testament like "David" is a shop that people often talk about. In this writing, the author will explain what David's leadership means in relation to the text of the Old Testament. The Bible and reference books are used in qualitative methods to apply. this study finds that the leadership of "David" is an example for everyone in terms of leadership. And all thank God for the goals he achieved.

The New Testament is the main source in understanding Christology which is the science of theology that talks about Christ the Messiah. Talking about Christology, the letter to Hebrews has the highest Christology. In Hebrews 2:13 the author understands it as "Jesus' relationship to the Father and his solidarity with the children" which is the result of a quote from the OT in Isaiah 8:17-18. However, this has given rise to much debate. How could the author of Hebrews understand Isaiah 8:17-18 as the relationship between Jesus to the Father and his solidarity with the children who have been given to Him, while there clearly talks about the life of the prophet Isaiah and his children who still choose to cling to God even though they are in the midst of an unbelieving nation. For this reason, in interpreting Hebrews 2:13 we use an approach using steps of interpretation (understanding the use of the Old Testament into the New Testament).

There is no denying that it is one measure of the Christian's relationship with God. Personal finances, especially in terms of giving and keeping a tithe tax offering. Tithing is an important issue in Christian finance. Some believe that this is a tax to God for a happy life. Despite life's difficulties. Some people do not pay tithing. unmanageable income. In fact, there are things that we cannot give. Because he enjoys spending too much money on his life. Also, some Christians tithe eagerly, but for no apparent reason. Because that's what the church and family taught me since I was little.

This study explores the relevance of women’s position in leadership within the contemporary context by considering the roles of women throughout history as well as the values underlying perspectives on leadership in modern society. Through a critical analysis of biblical texts, particularly in the Old Testament, this journal seeks to understand how female figures in the Bible, namely Deborah, Ruth, and Esther, influence perceptions of women in leadership. The findings of this study provide profound insights into the relevance and challenges faced by women in pursuing leadership careers in the contemporary era. In the modern context, women still face a number of challenges that hinder their progress in attaining leadership positions. Some of these challenges include gender inequality. The importance of gender equality in the modern context can also be seen from the relevance previously mentioned regarding the position of women in contemporary leadership. This study highlights the importance of understanding and encouraging women’s participation in leadership as an integral part of creating a just, inclusive, and sustainable society. Gender equality is not only about providing equal rights to all individuals, but also about recognizing and appreciating the diverse contributions of all people, regardless of gender.