Publication Search

The Qur'an al-Karīm employs at least four principal terms in referring to human beings, namely al-basyar, al-insān, al-nās, and banī Ādam. These terms are not merely synonymous; rather, each represents distinct yet complementary dimensions of humanity in constructing a holistic concept of the human being. This study aims to: (1) analyze the semantic meanings of these four terms based on mufrodat studies, Makkiyah-Madaniyah classification, and asbābun nuzūl; (2) compare the interpretations of classical scholars - Al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, Al-Qurṭubī, and Fakhr Al-Rāzī - with those of contemporary scholars - Sayyid Quṭb, Ibn ‘Āshūr, M. Quraish Shihab, and Buya Hamka; and (3) formulate their implications for Islamic education. This research employs a library research method using the tafsīr maudhū‘ī approach integrated with Izutsu’s semantic analysis model. The findings reveal that al-basyar represents the physical-biological dimension of human beings; al-insān represents the spiritual dimension in relation to ‘ubūdiyyah toward Allah; al-nās represents the social-collective dimension; and banī Ādam represents the intellectual-rational dimension inherited from Adam through the divine gift of teaching al-asmā’ (Qur'an 2:31). Collectively, these four dimensions provide fundamental implications for the development of objectives, curriculum, methodology, and evaluation within holistic and comprehensive Islamic education.

The fisheries sector plays an important role in Indonesia’s economy due to its abundant marine resources; however, unsustainable fishing activities have caused damage to marine ecosystems and a decline in biodiversity. To support sustainable fisheries management, the use of environmentally friendly fishing gear is essential. At the Tenau Coastal Fishing Port (PPP Tenau) in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, handline fishing is the most commonly used traditional fishing method among small-scale fishers because it is selective and causes minimal habitat disturbance. This study aims to analyze the environmental friendliness level of handline fishing gear based on the nine criteria of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) established by FAO in 1995, which include gear selectivity, habitat impact, fisher safety, catch quality, product safety, by- catch, biodiversity impact, capture of protected species, and social acceptance. The research was conducted from November 2025 to January 2026 using a descriptive quantitative method involving 30 handline fishermen selected from a population of 420 using the Slovin formula with a 20% error rate. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using a weighting system based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (2006). The results are expected to show that handline fishing is categorized as environmentally friendly to highly environmentally friendly and can serve as a basis for developing sustainable fisheries management policies in East Nusa Tenggara.

This study aims to analyze the effect of price and e-service quality on e-satisfaction at Ninetech Store on the Shopee marketplace, both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative approach. The research subjects were Ninetech Store customers, with a sample size of 96 respondents obtained through sampling techniques using the Rao Purba formula. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, simple and multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficients, determination coefficients, and hypothesis testing. The results show that price has a positive and significant effect on e-satisfaction, as does e-service quality, which also has a positive and significant effect on e satisfaction. In addition, price and e-service quality were simultaneously proven to have a significant effect on the e-satisfaction of Ninetech Store customers on the Shopee marketplace. The results of this study are expected to be taken into consideration by Ninetech Store in formulating pricing strategies and improving the quality of electronic services to increase customer satisfaction.

Drug availability at community health centers is an important indicator of health service quality. Drug shortages or excesses may affect service effectiveness and budget efficiency. This study aimed to determine the level of drug availability at the South City Community Health Center and the Piloloda'a Community Health Center in 2024 based on compliance with the formulary, demand, receipt, and drug availability categories. This study used a descriptive analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained retrospectively from the 2024 Drug Use Report and Request Sheet (LPLPO). Data analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of compliance with the formulary, demand, and receipt, and by determining drug availability levels using the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2010) formula and the classification of Carolien et al. (2017). The results showed that formulary compliance was 82% at the South City Community Health Center and 67% at the Piloloda'a Community Health Center, both below the 95% standard. Drug demand compliance scores were 151% and 199%, exceeding the 100–120% standard, while drug receipt compliance scores were 71% and 56%, below the 100% standard. Drug availability categories varied from adequate and insufficient to excess stock, with most drug items classified as insufficient stock. In conclusion, drug management at both community health centers has not been fully optimal. Improved coordination between community health centers and pharmaceutical facilities is needed to maintain stable drug availability and support service needs.

This study examines the integration of biblical authority into curriculum design and pedagogical practices as a foundation for developing a transformational Christian education model in a global, digital context. The main issue raised is the dichotomy between normative theological approaches and contemporary pedagogical practices that are often secular, leading to a weak integration of faith and learning in Christian education. The purpose of this study is to formulate an integrative model that harmonizes biblical authority with modern pedagogical approaches in a contextual, relevant, and applicable manner. The research method uses a qualitative approach through systematic literature study and conceptual analysis of various recent journals and books in the fields of Christian education, curriculum, and transformational pedagogy. The results show that the integration of biblical authority can be constructed through three main dimensions: epistemological (the Bible as a source of truth), curricular (the integration of biblical narratives into the curriculum structure), and pedagogical (learning practices oriented towards character transformation and spirituality). The research synthesis produces the "Biblical Transformative Curriculum-Pedagogy Integration (BTCPI)" model that emphasizes the relationship between theological truth, character formation, and the practice of faith. In conclusion, the holistic integration of biblical authority and modern pedagogy contributes significantly to developing students who are not only academically competent but also possess contextual spiritual and moral maturity.          

This article examines Christian epistemology in the context of theological education by highlighting the integration of divine revelation, human rationality, and theological formation processes in a global era characterized by pluralism, digitalization, and a crisis of truth authority. The main problem raised is the epistemological fragmentation in modern theological education that tends to separate revelation from rationality, thus impacting the weakness of faith formation and theological integrity. This study aims to formulate an integrative model of Christian epistemology that can address these challenges. The method used is a qualitative approach with a systematic literature study of classical and contemporary theological sources, as well as a conceptual analysis of Christian epistemological paradigms. The results show that the integration of revelation, reason, and faith experience produces a holistic epistemological model that not only strengthens theological foundations but also shapes students' spiritual character in a transformative manner. The main synthesis of this study is the Epistemological Theological Integration Framework (ETIF) model, which emphasizes that theological truth must be understood as a unity between biblical authority, rational reflection, and the practice of faith. In conclusion, an integrated Christian epistemology can serve as a solid foundation for theological education in facing global challenges and shaping a generation of contextual, reflective, and spiritual theologians.  

This study aims to formulate an integrated Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategy that synthesizes the acculturation of Islam Nusantara and ecological ethics as a response to the fragmented character of conventional PAI learning which has not yet optimally integrated local cultural values and ecological awareness. This research employs a qualitative library research method with a systematic literature review approach, analyzing 28 primary sources selected from 67 identified literature published between 2019 and 2025. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis through six stages: familiarization, initial coding, theme searching, theme reviewing, theme defining, and report writing. The findings reveal that Islam Nusantara contains three relevant pedagogical principles cultural humility (tawadu' budaya), cosmological inclusivity, and peaceful transformation while Islamic teachings hold rich ecotheological dimensions through the concepts of ecological tauhid, khalifah fi al-ardh, amanah, and rahmatan lil 'alamin. Based on this synthesis, four integrated learning strategies are formulated: Contextual-Cultural Learning, Eco-Thematic Quranic Interpretation, Community-Based Ecological Projects, and Ecological Spiritual Reflection. This study proposes a new conceptual framework termed "PAI Nusantara-Ekologis," which positions students not merely as ritually devout individuals but as responsible stewards (khalifah) of the earth.

The digestive system is one of the most abstract and complex topics in high school biology because it involves physiological processes that occur inside the body and cannot be observed directly. This situation calls for the use of instructional media that can help students understand concepts in a more concrete, systematic, and engaging way. This study aims to analyze the effect of interactive multimedia on student learning outcomes regarding the digestive system and to identify the most effective type of multimedia. This study employs a meta-analysis method using secondary data from 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through a literature review and systematic review, then analyzed using effect size calculations with Cohen’s and Hedges’ g formulas to determine the effectiveness level of each medium. The results indicate that the use of interactive multimedia generally has a positive effect on student learning outcomes, with most media falling into the high to very high effect size category. Interactive multimedia based on Articulate Storyline was the most effective medium with the highest effect size value of 2.730, followed by Augmented Reality-based E-Magazine at 2.634. These findings indicate that interactive multimedia is effective in facilitating the visualization of concepts and increasing student engagement.  

Strengthening scientific literacy in elementary science learning requires interactive and contextual instructional strategies. Game-based learning has been shown to enhance student motivation and engagement (Clark et al., 2016). This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of an interactive quiz-based educational game on the topic of food chains and ecosystems for fifth-grade students. The research employed a Research and Development approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages (Yusuf & Rahman, 2023). The participants were 25 students. Data were collected through pretest and posttest instruments and analyzed using the N-Gain formula to measure learning improvement. The findings indicate a moderate to high increase in students’ learning outcomes after the implementation of the developed media. In addition, students demonstrated greater participation during the learning process. These results suggest that interactive quiz-based educational games can serve as an effective alternative strategy to enhance conceptual understanding in elementary science education.

The highly competitive healthcare industry in Cirebon poses a significant challenge for Klinik Utama X, especially as a non-BPJS facility. This condition requires a paradigm shift from a provider-centric marketing mix to a patient-centric approach to retain patient loyalty. This study aims to evaluate and formulate the marketing strategy of Klinik Utama X using a comparative 4P (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) and 4C (Customer Solution, Customer Cost, Convenience, Communication) approach based on SWOT analysis. This research used a qualitative descriptive design with purposive sampling, gathering primary and secondary data through in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. The data were systematically evaluated using Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices. The findings reveal that the clinic is strategically positioned in Quadrant I, with an IFAS score of 2.53 and an EFAS score of 2.60, indicating strong internal capabilities to seize external opportunities. The recommended aggressive growth strategy involves integrating psychiatric and aesthetic services, penetrating the Business-to-Business (B2B) market through corporate medical check-ups, accelerating digitalization via telemedicine and online queuing, and preparing for BPJS accreditation. The managerial implications suggest that the clinic must prioritize resolving internal human resources and strengthening financial record-keeping systems before investing heavily in medical assets, while actively expanding digital convenience and corporate partnerships to secure short-term financial stability.

The moral crisis in contemporary education demands a reconstruction of moral values derived from the Qur'an as the epistemological foundation of Islamic education. This study aims to identify and analyze the moral educational values found in Surah Al-Imran, verse 159, particularly through the perspectives of Ibn Kathir’s tafsir and Quraish Shihab’s Tafsir Al-Misbah, and formulate its implications for contemporary Islamic education practices. Using a qualitative approach with a library research method, this study analyzes primary data from Ibn Kathir’s tafsir and Tafsir Al-Misbah, confronted with secondary literature on moral education theory. The analysis technique used was content analysis with a comparative-analytical approach to extract both explicit and implicit moral educational values. The findings revealed three fundamental values: first, gentleness (ar-rifq) as a humanistic pedagogical communication method; second, forgiveness (al-‘afw) as a mechanism for restoring educational relationships; third, consultation (asy-syura) as a democratic principle in educational decision-making. This study concludes that these values are not merely individual ethics but methodological principles that must be integrated into the culture of Islamic educational institutions. Practically, this requires a transformation from authoritarian-monological to dialogical-participatory educational approaches and strengthening educators' socio-emotional competencies.

Self-development is a crucial competence for navigating the professional world; however, many individuals face significant barriers in optimizing this potential. This study aims to formulate an integrative model of Quranic Tadabur and bibliotherapy as a professional therapeutic intervention in counseling, addressing gaps in existing literature. Using a library research method with content analysis, the findings indicate that Quranic Tadabur effectively enhances essential self-development skills, including self-awareness, work motivation, problem-solving, time management, emotional regulation, critical and creative thinking, and social collaboration. Within the bibliotherapy framework, the self-development process is structured through stages of motivation, incubation, follow-up, and evaluation. Furthermore, several counseling techniques are proposed, such as self-management, minimal contact, counselor-led management, and directed counseling, to support individual growth. This integrative approach highlights the role of spirituality in fostering holistic personal and professional development. The study contributes theoretically to the advancement of spirituality-based counseling models, particularly in the context of modern career development, and offers a conceptual foundation for future empirical research.

Pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita spp.) are a byproduct of pumpkin that has great potential to be developed as a functional food ingredient due to their high nutritional content and bioactive compounds. This article aims to examine the valorization (utilization) of pumpkin seeds in various food products and their potential as a functional food. The method used was a narrative literature review through a search of the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and MDPI databases for the period 2016–2026. The results of the study indicate that pumpkin seeds have been applied in various food products such as cookies, crackers, bread, biscuits, cakes, muffins, and snack bars. The addition of pumpkin seeds generally increases the content of protein, fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and bioactive compounds that contribute to antioxidant activity. However, increasing the proportion of pumpkin seeds also affects the physical and sensory characteristics of the product, such as darker color, decreased volume, and changes in texture due to reduced gluten content in the dough. Therefore, formulation optimization is needed to achieve a balance between increasing nutritional value and consumer acceptance. Overall, pumpkin seeds have the potential to be used as an ingredient in the development of functional foods.

The death of a Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) student allegedly linked to police action raises significant legal issues concerning the limits of the use of force and the construction of criminal liability. This study aims to reformulate the elements of assault resulting in death by integrating the objective element (actus reus) and the subjective element (mens rea) within the framework of the doctrines of dolus and culpa. It also seeks to develop a model of criminal liability analysis that is more transparent, accountable, and oriented toward the protection of a child’s right to life. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by a literature review of legislation, court decisions, and criminal law scholarship. Data are analyzed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings indicate that proving the act and the resulting death alone is insufficient without clearly establishing the form of fault. The distinction between dolus eventualis and culpa lata constitutes a decisive factor in determining the classification of the offense and the degree of criminal liability. Ambiguity in identifying the spectrum of fault may lead to sentencing disparities and weaken the principle of geen straf zonder schuld (no punishment without fault). Therefore, this study proposes a reconstruction of the elements of the offense that places proof of mens rea at the center of assessing police accountability while ensuring the protection of the child’s right to life.

Overcapacity in Correctional Institutions is a structural problem that is still a serious challenge in the correctional system in Indonesia. This condition is characterized by the number of inmates that far exceeds the ideal capacity, resulting in a decrease in the quality of coaching, health services, and security. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause overcapacity in prisons and the impact they have on the effectiveness of the correctional system. The method used is a normative juridical approach supported by empirical data from relevant agency reports. The results of the study show that the main factors causing overcapacity include the high crime rate, criminal policies that are still oriented towards prison sentences, and limited correctional facilities and infrastructure. The impact of overcapacity is very felt in the implementation of inmate development. Crowded housing conditions also increase conflicts between inmates, the spread of infectious diseases, and violations of basic rights. In addition, the limited number of correctional officers causes supervision to not run optimally and has the potential to trigger deviant practices in prisons. Therefore, it is necessary to reformulate penal policies through the optimization of non-prison penal alternatives, institutional capacity building, and strengthening rehabilitation and social reintegration programs to realize a more humane and just correctional system.

Criminal acts of assault against children constitute a serious violation of human rights that requires optimal legal protection by the state. As legal subjects, children are entitled to security, protection from violence, and guarantees for proper growth and development, as mandated by Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and relevant child protection legislation. This study aims to conduct a juridical analysis of the legal considerations applied by judges in Decision Number 83/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Kot concerning the criminal offense of assault committed against a child, as well as to assess their conformity with criminal law principles, child protection law, and the objectives of sentencing. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal that although the legal basis applied refers to Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, the judicial considerations have not been comprehensively formulated, as they insufficiently incorporate sociological, criminological, and child-centered protection perspectives. Consequently, the sentence imposed is relatively lenient and fails to fully reflect the objectives of punishment, particularly deterrence and sustainable protection for child victims. Therefore, strengthening the quality of judicial reasoning and ensuring the optimal application of relevant legal provisions are essential to achieve legal certainty, justice, and effective protection for children as victims of violent crimes.

This study examines the urgency of regulating the nominal limit of restitution in criminal case resolution through a restorative justice approach from the perspective of legal certainty. Restorative justice in Indonesia is governed by PERKAP No. 8 of 2021, PERJA No. 15 of 2020, and PERMA No. 1 of 2024. However, none of these regulations explicitly stipulate the nominal limit of compensation payable to victims. The absence of such a provision potentially leads to legal uncertainty and unfair practices, particularly in cases where resolution depends on the offender's ability to pay restitution. This research adopts a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The study aims to analyze the necessity of regulating nominal limits and how such limits should be determined under the prevailing legal framework. The findings reveal that the lack of clear restitution limits hampers the effective implementation of restorative justice, undermines fairness, and fails to adequately protect victims' rights. Legal regulation of compensation limits is necessary to ensure legal certainty, prevent abuse of power, and uphold justice in the victim recovery process. The study recommends that the state promptly establish clear restitution limits through revision of existing regulations or formulation of new ones, taking into account the principles of justice, the offender’s financial capacity, and the proportionality of the victim's losses.

This study is motivated by the importance of information literacy among students in using the Shopee e-commerce platform. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of information literacy of 2022 cohort students at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, in using the platform e-commerce Shopee. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The population in this study consists of all 2022 cohort students of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, totaling 1,208 students, with a sample of 92 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique based on the Slovin formula. Data collection in this study was conducted using a questionnaire developed based on the The Seven Faces of Information Literacy model, which was distributed online via WhatsApp in the form of Google Forms and directly through QR codes.Based on the confidence interval calculation, the average level of students’ information literacy falls within the range of 3.05 < μ < 3.27, indicating that the information literacy level of 2022 cohort students in using the platform e-commerce Shopee at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, is categorized as high. In general, it can be concluded that students have a good level of information literacy, particularly in aspects of information technology use, utilization of information sources, information searching processes, information control, knowledge construction, knowledge development, and wisdom in using information on the Shopee e-commerce platform.

This study aims to analyze e-commerce strategies in selecting applicable law and jurisdiction to avoid conflicts of jurisdiction in cross-border transactions. This study employs a normative legal method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches to analyze the selection of applicable law and jurisdiction in cross-border e-commerce transactions. The data used consists of primary and secondary legal materials collected through a literature review. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using descriptive-analytical and legal interpretation methods, as well as deductive reasoning to formulate strategies for minimizing jurisdictional conflicts. The research findings indicate that the application of the principle of freedom of contract, combined with international instruments and digital technology, can serve as an effective strategy for e-commerce actors to minimize jurisdictional conflicts and litigation risks. This strategy not only provides legal protection, particularly for SMEs, but also enhances the trust of global partners and competitiveness in the international market through the use of clear contract clauses, hybrid forums, and technological support such as blockchain and ODR.

This community service activity is motivated by the high unemployment rate and the low interest of young people in entrepreneurship due to limited skills and a mindset that is still oriented toward being job seekers. On the other hand, the development of digital technology provides significant opportunities to create independent and productive businesses, especially during the month of Ramadan. This activity aims to build an entrepreneurial mindset and improve public understanding of ethical digital marketing strategies. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which consists of problem identification, root cause analysis, solution formulation, program design, and implementation through seminars, training, and interactive discussions. The activity was conducted at the Manbaul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Rungkut, Surabaya, involving young participants. The results indicate an increase in participants’ understanding of business opportunities, the importance of an entrepreneurial mindset, and the effective and responsible use of digital technology. Participants’ enthusiasm during the activity also reflects increased motivation to start entrepreneurship at an early age. This activity has positive implications in enhancing awareness, knowledge, and economic independence of the community through productive and ethical use of digital technology.