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This study aims to analyze the impact of middlemen on the price of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) of oil palm received by farmers in Lambur I Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, from a sharia economic perspective. This study also examines the FFB marketing patterns carried out by farmers and the factors that influence farmers in choosing where to sell their harvest. The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to understand FFB marketing practices and the socio-economic relationships between farmers and middlemen. The results show that FFB marketing in Lambur I Village is carried out through three main channels: middlemen, the Marketing Chain of Trust (RAM), and palm oil processing factories. Most farmers choose to sell FFB to middlemen because the transaction process is easier, payments are fast, and transportation costs are not required. In addition, urgent financial needs, limited transportation facilities, and long-standing socio-economic relationships also influence farmers' dependence on middlemen. In practice, middlemen play a dominant role in determining prices, deducting approximately Rp 250–Rp 300 per kilogram from the factory price. From a sharia economic perspective, marketing practices through middlemen are essentially permissible as long as they are carried out with mutual consent and do not contain elements of usury, gharar, or injustice. However, the dominance of middlemen in determining prices indicates a bargaining imbalance that could potentially harm farmers, thus not fully reflecting the principle of justice in sharia economics

Transparency in human resource management has become a strategic issue in modern organizations, particularly through the implementation of salary transparency as part of the broader concept of radical transparency. This study aims to analyze the psychological and managerial impacts of salary information disclosure and its implications for human resource leadership within organizations. The research employs a qualitative approach using a narrative literature review by examining relevant scholarly articles published within the last five years. The findings indicate that salary transparency contributes positively to enhancing employees’ perceptions of fairness and trust; however, it may also generate negative consequences such as social comparison, interpersonal conflict, and decreased job satisfaction if not properly managed. From a managerial perspective, salary transparency promotes greater accountability, strengthens performance evaluation systems, and encourages more open and participative leadership practices. This study contributes by integrating psychological and managerial dimensions into a comprehensive conceptual framework and highlights the importance of organizational readiness in strategically managing transparency policies to achieve effectiveness and sustainability.

The purpose of this community service program is to enhance the capacity and independence of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by providing improved training in business management. The program covers the use of digital technology in the agricultural sector, the implementation of occupational safety and health practices, intellectual property protection, and simple financial record-keeping practices. In Pugeran Village, the activities were carried out using a collaborative approach involving the village government, MSME actors, and university students participating in the Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata). A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through observation, interviews, and focus group discussions, complemented by direct mentoring and counseling sessions. The results indicate that MSME actors have begun to understand the importance of maintaining simple financial records, utilizing digital technology to market their products, and becoming more aware of workplace safety as well as legal protection for their businesses. The program also encouraged MSME actors to shift their perspectives and manage their enterprises in a more professional manner. However, the speed of implementation varied depending on differences in age, educational background, and established business habits. Overall, this community service activity contributed to strengthening the capacity of MSMEs and supporting sustainable economic growth in the village

Traditional artworks, amidst the tide of modernization and digitalization, face the challenge of being stigmatized as static relics of the past. However, in the midst of increasingly modern civilization, traditional artworks are perceived to possess philosophical values ​​for the younger generation. The meanings contained in traditional songs possess a social perspective lacking in most traditional songs composed in the modern era. The purpose of this article is to examine the lyrics of Ki Nartosabdo's song "Lumbung Desa" philosophically and sociologically, applying Roland Barthes's semiotic theory. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze semiotics, comprising the significance of denotation, connotation, and myth.The analysis shows that the denotation in the lyrics of "Lumbung Desa" depicts agricultural activities occurring in rural communities. Connotatively, the lyrics interpret the values ​​of human spirituality towards God, integrity in work, and food self-sufficiency. From a mythical perspective, the lyrics symbolize the values ​​of harmony in social life and mutual cooperation as a solid foundation for building national stability and progress. Further analysis of the song lyrics' relevance in the modern era shows that the meaning of "Lumbung" has transformed into financial and digital independence, while the value of "Rukun" points to the application of ethics in the use of digital media in the modern era. This article concludes that preserving traditional songs is a strategy to revive culture as a manifestation of material progress that impacts the well-being of modern society.

This research is motivated by the escalating prevalence of illegal online lending practices in Indonesia, which generate a multitude of legal problems, particularly those concerning the validity of loan agreements and debt collection practices. The simplicity of access through smartphone applications, rapid processing times often approved within minutes and minimal administrative requirements have rendered these services immensely popular among the public. However, this accessibility also paves the way for unlicensed providers to operate unchecked, preying on desperate borrowers. The study aims to analyze the legal validity of illegal online loan agreements pursuant to the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, OJK). Additionally, it examines the legal position of debt collection from a civil law perspective. A normative juridical method is employed, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, with qualitative analysis of the data. The results demonstrate that illegal online loan agreements fail to fulfill the requirements for a valid contract, especially regarding the legal capacity of the parties and lawful cause, categorizing them as null and void by operation of law. Nevertheless, in practice, unlicensed providers continue debt collection efforts, frequently employing methods that violate the law, such as harassment and intimidation. This reveals a significant gap between legal norms and field implementation. The implications emphasize the critical need for robust law enforcement, enhanced consumer protection mechanisms, and stricter oversight of fintech lenders to establish legal certainty and justice for society.

The purpose of this writing is to analyze Article 14 of Law Number 31 of 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption has a delegative character, because its enactment depends on the provisions of other laws that expressly declare a violation as a criminal act of corruption. The construction of these norms in practice gives rise to ambivalence in law enforcement, especially when various acts that are detrimental to state finances occur in strategic sectors that are not explicitly qualified as corruption crimes in sectoral laws. This condition has the potential to create a legal vacuum and hinder the effectiveness of eradicating corruption as an extraordinary crime. This study aims to analyze the practice of implementing Article 14 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption and examine these provisions from the perspective of legal certainty, justice, and criminal law policy. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a case approach. Research data was obtained through literature studies on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that the delegative and limiting nature of Article 14 has implications for the low predictability of the law and opens up ambivalence between norms and law enforcement practices. In reality, law enforcement officials often apply the Corruption Crime Law to acts that are normatively outside the scope of Article 14, taking into account the existence of state financial losses and the interests of substantive justice. Therefore, Article 14 needs to be interpreted systemically and progressively and supported by the reformulation of norms and harmonization of laws and regulations to be in line with the dynamics and complexity of modern corruption crimes.

Dividend payment is an important financial decision that reflects a company’s performance and prospects from the perspective of investors. However, companies included in the LQ45 index still experience fluctuations in dividend payment policies from year to year. This study aims to analyze the effect of leverage, firm size, profitability, and liquidity on dividend payments of companies listed in the LQ45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2023–2024 period. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from published financial statements. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 33 companies with a total of 60 observations. Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression with the assistance of SPSS software. Leverage is measured by the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), firm size by the natural logarithm of total assets (LnTA), profitability by Return on Assets (ROA), liquidity by the Current Ratio (CR), and dividend payment by the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). The results show that leverage, firm size, profitability, and liquidity simultaneously have a significant effect on dividend payments. Partially, firm size and profitability have a positive and significant effect on dividend payments, while leverage and liquidity do not have a significant effect. These findings indicate that companies with larger firm size and higher profitability tend to have a greater ability to distribute dividends to investors.

The development of financial technology (fintech lending) in Indonesia has significantly facilitated public access to financing; however, it has also generated various legal issues, particularly concerning the protection of creditors. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to creditors in loan agreements based on fintech lending from the perspectives of civil law and commercial law in Indonesia. The research employs a normative legal method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that legal protection for creditors in fintech lending still faces numerous challenges, particularly regarding the validity of electronic agreements, the risk of default, and the weakness of guarantee mechanisms. Existing regulations, such as the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) concerning information technology-based lending services, have not yet provided optimal legal certainty. Furthermore, the principles of prudence and transparency have not been fully implemented by fintech providers. Therefore, strengthening regulatory frameworks and harmonizing civil law and commercial law are essential to ensure more comprehensive legal protection for creditors. This study is expected to contribute to the development of business law in Indonesia, particularly in responding to the dynamics of the digital economy.

This study discusses the implementation of the concept of Islamic insurance in the Amanah Card product at Amanah Takaful Banten. In Indonesia, there are various economic activities such as trade, savings and loans, and Islamic financial institutions. Currently, the insurance sector is growing rapidly in Indonesia. There are two types of insurance in Indonesia, namely Islamic insurance and conventional insurance. However, conventional insurance poses concerns for Muslims due to the presence of elements such as riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). Therefore, Islamic insurance emerges as a risk protection system that prioritizes Sharia principles. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the concept of the Amanah Card product at Amanah Takaful Banten, (2) to examine the implementation of Islamic insurance principles in the Amanah Card product, and (3) to analyze how Amanah Takaful Banten improves the accessibility of the Amanah Card product. This research employs a qualitative approach using a field study method (direct observation in the field). Data were collected through interviews with informants, as well as observation and documentation methods. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Relevant literature includes theories on insurance, Amanah Card, and zakat management institutions, as well as previous studies that examine the implementation of Islamic insurance concepts in insurance products such as Amanah Card. The results show that the Amanah Card product is categorized as a microinsurance product. It implements Islamic insurance principles, including the use of contracts (akad) and management practices that comply with Sharia principles and do not violate existing regulations. The Amanah Card product can be accessed offline through registration with Duta MT Bertaawun and online through social media and the Amanah Takaful website. In conclusion, the Amanah Card product is considered compliant both from a Sharia perspective and regulatory standards.

The development of financial technology has led to the emergence of online lending services based on Peer-to-Peer Lending (P2P Lending), which offer easy access to unsecured financing. However, this convenience poses significant risks when targeted at university students, who generally lack stable income and have weak financial literacy. The absence of manual verification and the suboptimal application of the prudential principle may result in a disproportionate debt burden for students. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the prudential principle is implemented by P2P Lending providers in granting loans to students, as well as to examine the legal construction of online lending agreements from a consumer protection perspective. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, doctrinal, and conceptual approaches. Data were obtained through literature review of relevant laws and regulations, legal literature, and supporting documents. The application of the prudential principle by P2P Lending providers remains limited and tends to focus more on user expansion than on debtor risk analysis. Online loan agreements are unilaterally drafted through standard contracts that place students in a weak legal position, without adequate protective mechanisms. Students, as vulnerable debtors, have not yet received optimal legal protection due to weak implementation of the prudential principle and exploitative contractual arrangements. Regulatory reform and strengthened oversight are necessary to ensure contractual fairness.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic marketing and digital-based Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Pegadaian Syariah Surabaya from the perspective of maqashid sharia and assess how the integration of the two supports the sustainability of the institution and public trust. The background of the study departs from the development of digital technology that requires Islamic financial institutions to maintain transparency, fairness, data security, and sharia compliance in all marketing activities and social programs. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation analysis on digital services and CSR activities of Pegadaian Syariah. The results show that digital Islamic marketing not only functions as a promotional tool, but also as a sharia education medium that upholds the values ​​of shidq, amanah, and maslahah, thereby supporting hifz al-din, hifz al-mal, and hifz al-‘aql. Meanwhile, the implementation of CSR covers the fields of religion, health, education, and empowerment of MSMEs that are in line with the five dimensions of maqashid sharia. The integration of Islamic marketing and CSR creates a strategic synergy that increases public trust, strengthens the institution's legitimacy, and ensures the sustainability of Pegadaian Syariah in the digital era. This research provides theoretical contributions regarding maqasid-based marketing and CSR strategies, as well as practical recommendations for strengthening sharia governance and digital education programs.

Local governments manage substantial public resources under conditions of decentralization, fiscal complexity, and heightened accountability demands, making them particularly vulnerable to financial mismanagement and fraud. In this context, risk-based internal oversight has increasingly been promoted as a governance-oriented alternative to traditional compliance-based supervision. This literature review article examines how risk-based internal oversight is conceptualized, operationalized, and linked to fraud prevention and control in the management of local government finance. The study addresses a central problem in the existing literature: the fragmentation of analytical perspectives across risk-based internal auditing, fraud risk management, internal control systems, public financial management, and public accountability, which has limited a comprehensive understanding of how internal oversight contributes to safeguarding public funds. The primary objective of this article is to synthesize and integrate these strands of literature to clarify the role of risk-based internal oversight as a systemic governance mechanism for fraud prevention and control at the subnational level. Methodologically, the study employs an integrative literature review approach, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles and authoritative institutional publications indexed in major academic databases over the past decade. A structured search, screening, and thematic synthesis process was applied to identify patterns, convergences, and divergences across conceptual, empirical, and policy-oriented studies. The findings indicate a clear shift from compliance-oriented inspection toward risk-based internal oversight that prioritizes high-risk financial processes—particularly procurement, grants, and asset management—where fraud risks are most pronounced. The synthesis further shows that effective fraud prevention depends on the alignment of risk-based oversight with fraud risk management practices, robust internal control systems (including SPIP).

Official travel constitutes a routine yet strategically significant component of local government administration, closely intertwined with bureaucratic processes, public financial management, and accountability arrangements. Despite its operational importance and fiscal visibility, official travel management has received limited integrative attention in the public administration literature, and existing studies remain fragmented across procedural, financial, and governance perspectives. This article addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive literature review on administrative efficiency in official travel management within local governments, with particular attention to bureaucratic processes and cost control mechanisms. Adopting a narrative–analytical literature review design, the study employs a state-of-the-art and theory-driven synthesis of recent peer-reviewed scholarship in public administration, public financial management, governance, and related fields. The analysis integrates thematic and conceptual synthesis techniques to identify recurring patterns, relationships among key concepts, and unresolved issues in the literature. The findings reveal consistent patterns of procedural inefficiency, including administrative burden, complex approval chains, and process fragmentation, which persist even under formal cost control and accountability systems. The review further demonstrates that compliance-oriented financial controls often secure fiscal conformity without necessarily improving administrative efficiency, particularly when misaligned with bureaucratic workflows and constrained by limited administrative capacity. Governance and accountability mechanisms enhance transparency and oversight but frequently prioritize answerability over performance learning, thereby legitimizing inefficiencies rather than resolving them. By synthesizing insights from Administrative Efficiency Theory, Public Financial Management, Bureaucratic Process Theory, Administrative Capacity Theory, and Governance and Accountability perspectives, this article advances an integrative conceptual framework that explains efficiency outcomes as systemic products of interacting institutional dimensions.

This research examines Islamic legal protection for victims of social engineering crimes within the context of cybercrime. Social engineering is a form of digital crime that exploits psychological manipulation and trust to obtain personal data, system access, or financial benefits. Such crimes cause not only material losses but also immaterial harm, including psychological trauma, violations of privacy, dignity, and personal security. However, positive legal frameworks tend to prioritize offender punishment, while victim protection and recovery remain insufficiently addressed. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a normative-juridical research design, complemented by limited empirical insights. Data were collected through library research on Islamic legal sources—namely the Qur’an, Hadith, and fiqh jināyah—alongside statutory regulations on cybercrime and selected interviews with legal scholars and practitioners. The analysis employs a descriptive-analytical method grounded in the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah framework, particularly the principles of ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of property), ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ (protection of dignity), and ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of life and psychological security). The findings demonstrate that Islamic law provides a robust normative foundation for protecting victims of social engineering crimes. Such protection extends beyond retributive punishment through ta‘zīr and emphasizes restorative justice by prioritizing victims’ rights restoration, offender accountability, and public welfare. Islamic law is both adaptive and relevant in addressing contemporary cybercrime challenges and may serve as a humanistic, just, and responsive model for victim protection in the digital era.

This study aims to review the perspectives of MSME owners in the Gonilan area, particularly regarding part-time workers and their use in improving operational cost efficiency. The Gonilan area is known to have many MSMEs operating in various sectors, making this study relevant for understanding the challenges they face. A qualitative method was chosen so that the researcher could conduct in-depth interviews with three MSME owners. The informants were selected because they employed both full-time and part-time workers. The interview results showed that part-time workers were effective in reducing operational costs, such as more flexible hourly wages, although there were some disadvantages. The main disadvantages of part-time workers included lack of experience and limited working hours, which could be overcome through extra training and clear task distribution so that they could focus and increase productivity. The study concluded that the use of part-time workers has a significant impact on the operational cost efficiency of MSMEs, helping owners navigate the market without excessive financial burdens and encouraging long-term business growth.

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of implementing Solar-Powered Street Lighting (PJUTS) as an alternative lighting solution in Campus C of UNINDRA PGRI. The background of this research is driven by the high operational electricity costs of the existing conventional street lighting system and the need to transition toward clean energy. The analysis methods include a technical comparison of off-grid systems, an economic evaluation based on cost savings, and an assessment of environmental impacts. The technical analysis indicates that PJUTS is highly feasible due to its ability to operate independently without reliance on the national electricity grid, thereby ensuring lighting continuity during power outages. From an economic perspective, although the initial investment (CAPEX) is higher than that of conventional street lighting, the project is considered feasible as it eliminates monthly electricity bills permanently, resulting in long-term budget efficiency and financial benefits. The Payback Period analysis shows that the initial investment can be recovered through cumulative operational cost savings. Environmentally, the implementation of PJUTS significantly contributes to carbon emission reduction and supports the Green Campus vision through the utilization of renewable energy. Overall, the transformation of the existing street lighting system into PJUTS represents a strategic and feasible initiative that fulfills effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability criteria.

This study investigates the determinants of dividend payout policy in energy sector firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. Dividend policy is a critical issue in emerging markets, especially in capital-intensive industries with high investment needs and earnings volatility. The research examines whether profitability and ownership structure—specifically institutional and managerial ownership—significantly influence dividend payout decisions, considering firm characteristics. The study analyzes the effect of profitability, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership on the dividend payout ratio, while controlling for firm size and leverage. A quantitative approach is used, employing pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression on 245 firm-year observations. Dividend payout ratio is measured as dividend per share divided by earnings per share, profitability is proxied by return on equity, and ownership variables are expressed as shareholding proportions. Descriptive analysis and classical assumption tests precede hypothesis testing. The results show that profitability positively and significantly affects dividend payout, suggesting that firms with better financial performance tend to distribute higher dividends. Firm size also positively influences dividend policy, while leverage negatively impacts it, reflecting the role of financial capacity and capital structure. However, institutional and managerial ownership do not show significant effects on dividend payout decisions. The findings indicate that dividend policy in Indonesian energy firms is primarily driven by financial performance and structural characteristics rather than ownership-based governance mechanisms. This study offers sector-specific evidence that refines agency and signaling perspectives on dividend policy in emerging markets, with practical implications for managers, investors, and regulators.

The last few decades of the institutionalization of Islamic finance are notable for the fundamental controversies surrounding its institutionalization. These controversies can be seen rooted in the dual phenomena of the legalistic form taking Islamic finance as a practice and the overwhelming reliance on modern managerial paradigms. There are significant ethical gaps as consequence. The objective of the current research is to aim to help reconstruct the philosophy of Islamic financial management from the perspective of the maqasid al-shariah and, importantly, to treat it as a primary lens and not secondary. The research employs a qualitative conceptual and philosophical approach and attempts to engage the prevailing paradigms and contours of Islamic finance through the lenses of ontology, epistemology and axiology. The research finds that contemporary Islamic financial management suffers from a deficient ontology of profit, epistemology of compliance and an axiology that is instrumentally weak. In light of the above, the research articulates the philosophy of Islamic Finance in the direction of the maqasid and posits that finance as an instrument of maslahah, and so, in that order, integrate revelation, reason, and the socio-economic order, and it is, thereby, just to place the preeminent values of human dignity, justice and the welfare of the greater good (public) in the financing of maslahah. The research articulates a coherently formulated philosophy of Islamic financial management based on the maqasid for the Islamic financial management of practice and for empirical, policy and institutional Islamic finance reform, and so makes a significant theoretical contribution.

This study aims to analyze the profitability level of the canteen at Nurul Islam 2 Islamic Boarding School and its contribution to the economy of the boarding school from a sharia perspective. The background of this study is based on the important role of Islamic boarding school business units as a source of economic independence for Islamic educational institutions. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The main informants of this study include the canteen manager and several students as consumers. The results of the study indicate that the canteen management has been running effectively, with a transparent financial recording system, separation of personal and operational cash, and a fair and affordable pricing strategy. The canteen's profitability level is relatively stable with an average daily income of between two and three million rupiah, and increases significantly during certain activities such as Sambangan. Business profits not only have a financial impact, but also contribute to financing the boarding school's activities and improving the welfare of students. From a sharia perspective, the economic practices of this canteen have implemented the principles of honesty (shiddiq), justice ('adl), trustworthiness, and blessings (barakah), so that it can be said that the Islamic boarding school canteen is a model of micro-economy based on sustainable Islamic values ​​and oriented towards the common good.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in accelerating regional economic growth and improving community welfare. However, MSMEs in North Sumatra Province continue to face various challenges, particularly limited access to capital, low adoption of digital technology, and insufficient business assistance. This community service program aims to strengthen the MSME ecosystem through integrated empowerment initiatives, including facilitating access to financing, enhancing the use of internet-based technologies, and improving the capacity of MSME actors. The methods applied include business mentoring, training activities, and analysis of MSME performance in both short-term and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that expanded access to capital and increased adoption of digital technology contribute positively and significantly to MSME income growth in both the short and long term. Interestingly, the absence of guidance, training, and extension services shows a positive correlation with income in the short term but has a significant negative impact on business sustainability and stability in the long term. Furthermore, reliance on bank loans consistently demonstrates a significant negative effect on MSME performance across both analytical periods. These findings highlight the importance of building a sustainable MSME ecosystem through continuous mentoring, improved financial literacy, and adaptive digital transformation to ensure long-term business resilience.