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This study examines the export barriers encountered by emerging small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, with a focus on export documentation challenges, tariff constraints, and the adaptive marketing strategies employed to sustain international market engagement. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates PT Albarka International Group, a nascent export-import company established in 2021 and headquartered in Malang, East Java, which specializes in the export of natural commodities including Bakhur-related materials (opercula shells, damar resin, agarwood), spices, and other Indonesian products to Middle East markets including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Sudan, and Djibouti. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key company personnel and supplemented by document analysis. Findings reveal three primary export barriers: (1) high shipping tariffs relative to regional competitors, frequently triggering order cancellations by importers; (2) complex and time-intensive export documentation requirements, particularly for regulated natural resource products subject to CITES compliance, fish quarantine certification (Health Certificate), and customs declaration (PEB); and (3) internal organizational constraints stemming from overlapping job roles. In response, PT Albarka has adopted adaptive strategies including Full Container Load (FCL) consolidation to reduce per-unit shipping costs, advance payment systems (TT in advance) to mitigate importer default risk, and collaborative consultation with customs and quarantine authorities. The study contributes to the SME internationalization literature by demonstrating how resource-constrained emerging exporters navigate institutional and logistical complexities in developing economy contexts, offering practical insights for SME practitioners and export policy stakeholders.

Independent plantations are a favorite in the Jambi Regional economy, as they are a source of economic growth, employment, exports, and foreign exchange for the region. Despite their relatively low productivity, oil palm plantations in Jambi Province have a major competitive advantage compared to other commodities. This study aims to describe, analyze competitiveness, analyze policy impacts, and conduct sensitivity tests on independent oil palm plantations. The research location was in Merlung District, selecting three sample villages: Tanjung Paku Village, Merlung Village, and Lubuk Terap Village purposively, with a total sample of 43 farmers. The data analysis method used the (PAM) method. The results of the analysis show that independent farmers still have relatively low productivity. The DRCR value is 0.379 (<1) and the PCR value is 0.368 (<1) which indicates savings in the use of domestic resources by 37.9% and 36.8%. These results indicate a comparative and competitive advantage. The divergence impact shows a negative impact, meaning that government policies are not distorted properly, as indicated by an NPCI value of 1.18 (> 1) and an NPCO value of 0.87 (< 1). Sensitivity tests show that independent oil palm plantations still have competitiveness (< 1), despite experiencing policy distortions such as input price increases (11% and 25%) and a decrease in FFB prices (45%).  

SMEs play an important role in Indonesia's economy, one of which is the woodcraft industry that has great potential for export. Putra Mandiri Woodcraft (PMW) faces sales instability, ranging from 30% to 145.48% of the set target, which affects production efficiency. This study aims to formulate an effective marketing strategy to increase sales volume and business competitiveness. The methods used in this study include the IFE and EFE Matrix analysis to identify internal and external factors affecting the company, SWOT analysis to formulate various strategies, and QSPM to determine strategy priorities based on the Total Attractiveness Score (TAS) value. The analysis results show that Putra Mandiri Woodcraft has an IFE score of 2.70 and an EFE score of 2.80, indicating that the company's internal condition is quite strong, although the response to external factors is still moderate. The company's main strengths lie in product quality and consumer trust, while its weaknesses are the lack of innovation in product design. Based on the SWOT analysis results, eight potential strategies were found, and the QSPM shows that expansion through a marketplace based on product quality and more varied designs is the main priority with a TAS value of 6.16.

The Role digital marketing nowadays become part important in today's business strategies implemented by MSMEs, which is enable MSMEs to​​ reach the target market with more broad , measurable , and efficient in global value chain (GVC) context . Digital marketing strategies do not  can denied  involving various elements, including optimization machine search engine optimization (SEO), marketing through social media, digital advertising, marketing content ,and also email marketing. In buniess process of PT Bungas food Nusatra abalikpapan tahy have product a weadang dayang.  In facing such a market dynamic, marketing strategy must capable adapt with current digital trends including Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) approach to create greater urgency and involvement​ tall in a way contextual relation with the value chain that creates consumer new abroad or​ marketing across countries by them. In this case, on of the challege ib export product process. The methods of research here, is survey and looking some literature that related in this subject discussion and research, the conclusion is  the With utilise trend this company​ can increase visibility brand , strengthen interaction with customers  and encourage conversion sale in a way more effective and This strategy expected can give impact positive to growth business and power competition companies in the digital era in more fluently in global value chain (GVC).

This study aims to analyze the role of marketplace in encouraging digital internationalization and product development at PT Bungas Food Nusantara. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with company management, observation of activities on the marketplace platform, and supporting documentation. The results of the study show that marketplaces function not only as digital distribution channels, but also as strategic infrastructure that allows companies to reach international markets without conventional export mechanisms. Internationalization occurs gradually through increased demand from overseas consumers facilitated by the platform's algorithmic system and global visibility. In addition, the marketplace's reviews, ratings, and analytics features are used as the basis for product development, including packaging adjustments, variant innovation, and data-driven promotional strategies. These findings show that marketplaces play a role as a catalyst for internationalization as well as a driver of product innovation in the context of the digital economy.

The Community Partnership Program (PKM) at Rumah Kopi Banjarsengon (RKB) aims to improve product quality and coffee marketing according to consumer needs. Key activities include production observation, assistance with laboratory testing for nutritional value and shelf life, food safety education, digital marketing training, and the delivery of a 5 kg roasting machine. These efforts have successfully increased production capacity and product quality standards through informative labels. Digital marketing has seen significant progress, with increased social media engagement and broader market reach. Consumer satisfaction surveys have risen from 80 to 97 on a scale of 100. Overall, this PKM program not only supports sustainable coffee business development but also contributes to improving partner competency and strengthening product competitiveness in both local and export markets. RKB is expected to consistently implement digital marketing strategies and product innovation for long-term success. Going forward, RKB is expected to continue implementing digital marketing strategies and product innovation to ensure sustainable business success.

This study investigates the factors influencing export performance in five ASEAN countries Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand during the 2014-2023 period. The topic is highly relevant given the vital role of exports in sustaining monetary stability and promoting long-term economic growth. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated approach, which simultaneously examines key export-related macroeconomic variables, namely foreign direct investment and inflation, while incorporating foreign exchange reserves as a moderating variable an approach that remains limited in existing ASEAN-focused studies. This analysis uses secondary data obtained from the World Bank and processed using panel data regression methods, including the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model, strengthened by a Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach. The results show that foreign direct investment and inflation significantly influence foreign exchange reserves. Furthermore, foreign exchange reserves have been shown to play a strategic role in strengthening the economic resilience of ASEAN countries and can be used as a reference in formulating monetary and international trade policies.

This study investigates the factors influencing export performance in five ASEAN countries Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand during the 2014-2023 period. The topic is highly relevant given the vital role of exports in sustaining monetary stability and promoting long-term economic growth. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated approach, which simultaneously examines key export-related macroeconomic variables, namely foreign direct investment and inflation, while incorporating foreign exchange reserves as a moderating variable an approach that remains limited in existing ASEAN-focused studies. This analysis uses secondary data obtained from the World Bank and processed using panel data regression methods, including the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model, strengthened by a Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach. The results show that foreign direct investment and inflation significantly influence foreign exchange reserves. Furthermore, foreign exchange reserves have been shown to play a strategic role in strengthening the economic resilience of ASEAN countries and can be used as a reference in formulating monetary and international trade policies.

This study aims to analyze the influence of interest rates, exchange rates, and coffee production on the value of coffee exports in South Sulawesi. The background of this study is based on the condition of South Sulawesi coffee exports which have experienced significant fluctuations in recent years despite coffee production tending to increase. This study uses a quantitative approach with time series data for the period 2009-2023 sourced from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the Directorate General of Plantations, the Food Crops, Horticulture and Plantation Service of South Sulawesi Province. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression through the EViews 12 application with the classical assumption test as a model prerequisite. The results show that partially interest rates have a significant effect on coffee exports, while exchange rates and coffee production do not have a significant effect. Simultaneously, the three independent variables do not have a significant effect on the value of coffee exports. This finding indicates that external factors, especially interest rates, are more dominant in determining the performance of South Sulawesi coffee exports than internal factors of production and exchange rates.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia's economy with a contribution of more than 60 percent to the Gross Domestic Product and the absorption of 97 percent of the national workforce, but their participation in international trade is still low with only 14 percent involved in export activities. This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by MSMEs in accessing the global market and identify adaptation strategies developed by entrepreneurs. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied through in-depth interviews with 18 export-oriented MSME owners and managers in East Java who were selected by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti revealed seven main challenges including limited access to capital, complexity of export regulations, constraints on production capacity and quality consistency, language and cross-cultural communication barriers, lack of international market information, logistics infrastructure problems, and intensive competition. On the other hand, four strategic opportunities were identified, namely increasing demand for sustainable authentic products, accelerating digitalization and e-commerce, utilizing free trade agreements, and ethical consumerism trends. MSMEs develop effective adaptation strategies in the form of strategic collaboration, product differentiation with  premium positioning, the use of digital technology, and a focus on  specific market niches. The research emphasizes that the successful internationalization of MSMEs requires a holistic approach integrating internal capacity building with the support of a conducive external ecosystem.

This study examines the development of a Crude Palm Oil (CPO) price forecasting model using an artificial neural network algorithm, specifically the backpropagation algorithm. As one of Indonesia’s main export commodities, CPO has a significant economic impact and influences the income of oil palm farmers. The CPO price data used in this study were obtained from CIF Rotterdam, covering the period from January 2019 to December 2023. The research methodology consists of several stages, including data collection, preprocessing, model design, and model implementation using Python programming. The training results of the backpropagation algorithm show an error value of 0.537829578 after 1,000 epochs, while the evaluation using Mean Squared Error (MSE) indicates an MSE of 0.022709 during the training process and 0.017604 during the testing process. The model also produces CPO price predictions for the next three months, namely 932.578 for the first month, 949.568 for the second month, and 774.855 for the third month. These findings indicate that the developed model is capable of predicting future CPO prices with adequate accuracy, which can assist companies in making better financial decisions and managing risks associated with CPO price fluctuations.

The increasing number of Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKW) working abroad, particularly through programs organized by BP2MI, has become a significant concern in managing the labor export process. One of the challenges faced is the uncertainty of the number of TKW to be sent each year, which is influenced by various external and internal factors. Therefore, this study aims to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) with a backpropagation algorithm approach to predict the number of TKW that will be processed by BP2MI. This method was chosen due to its ability to recognize patterns and nonlinear relationships between variables that affect the decision-making process for TKW export. In this study, the data used includes factors such as the number of job seekers, government policies, and the condition of the international labor market. The artificial neural network with the backpropagation algorithm is used to train the model based on existing historical data, with the goal of generating accurate predictions regarding the number of TKW to be processed in the coming years. The results of the tests show that the developed model can provide fairly accurate predictions and can serve as a tool for BP2MI in planning and managing the export of TKW more effectively. With the application of this technology, it is expected that the decision-making process related to TKW export can become more efficient and well-predicted.

PT. XYZ faces administrative challenges in implementing the Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS), which has been managed manually from risk assessment and pre-qualification to contractor selection resulting in validation delays, document duplication, and limited monitoring. This study aims to: (1) identify the constraints of the manual CSMS at PT. XYZ; (2) design an electronic-CSMS (e-CSMS) application tailored to internal user needs; (3) analyze the contribution of e-CSMS to document management effectiveness; and (4) evaluate the design's alignment with the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) principles as per Government Regulation No. 50 of 2012. The method employed is Research and Development (preliminary stage) using a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and document studies. The design results include: (i) a unified digital form integrating procurement data input, risk assessment entries (severity and probability), and document upload and assessment for pre-qualification/selection in a single workflow; (ii) a monitoring dashboard with filtering and export functions; and (iii) internal access settings within PT. XYZ's HSSE portal. Functionally, this design addresses the main bottlenecks of the manual process by creating a more concise, structured, and documented verification workflow, thereby making document management more efficient and traceable. In terms of compliance, e-CSMS supports the implementation of SMK3 elements in the administrative domain of policy establishment, planning, and execution of OHS plans through consistent recording and verification mechanisms. Development recommendations include expansion to field implementation phases, automation of risk-level calculations, and an option for preliminary data entry by contractors with final verification remaining with the internal team.

This study aims to analyze the reaction of the Indonesian capital market to the announcement of Donald Trump’s import tariff policy using an event study approach. Market reactions are measured through abnormal return and trading volume activity of exporting companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with an event window of three trading days before and three trading days after the initial tariff announcement on April 2, 2025 and the revised tariff announcement on July 15, 2025. This study employs secondary data in the form of daily stock prices and trading volumes, analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results indicate that the Indonesian capital market reacts to the announcement of Donald Trump’s import tariff policy, as reflected by differences in abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after the announcements, thereby supporting signaling theory and the semi-strong form of market efficiency.

Nickel has become a strategic mineral in the global industrial value chain, particularly for stainless steel production and electric vehicle battery manufacturing. As one of the world’s largest nickel producers, Indonesia has implemented a downstream industrialization policy aimed at increasing value added and strengthening export performance. This study analyzes the effects of international nickel prices, destination countries’ GDP per capita, exchange rates, and the downstreaming policy on the value of Indonesia’s nickel exports (HS 75) over the period 2010–2023. The study employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression with secondary data covering five major export destination countries, namely China, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore. Based on the Chow and Hausman tests, the Fixed Effects Model is selected as the most appropriate estimation technique, indicating the presence of country-specific heterogeneity among importing countries. The results show that destination countries’ GDP per capita and international nickel prices have a positive and statistically significant effect on Indonesia’s nickel export value. The downstreaming policy dummy variable also exhibits a positive and significant impact, suggesting that the nickel ore export ban implemented since 2020 has effectively shifted export composition toward higher value-added processed nickel products. In contrast, exchange rates are found to have no significant effect on export performance. Overall, the findings provide empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of Indonesia’s downstream industrialization policy and highlight the importance of global demand conditions in driving the performance of processed nickel exports.

Unemployment is a socio-economic problem that can threaten the stability of the Indonesian economy. This study analyzes the effect of minimum wages, exports, foreign investment, and the human development index (HDI) on the unemployment raefrom 1990 to 2023. Using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression estimation method, to correct bias in the estimation, the Newey-West HAC standard errors approach is used. Minimum wages and foreign investment have a significant negative effect on the open unemployment rate, confirming that wage increases can boost productivity, foreign investment creates direct jobs through the construction of production facilities and economic multiplier effects in supporting sectors. The most surprising finding of the HDI which has a positive effect and exports which are proven to be insignificant on the unemployment rate, this shows that human capital formation is not in line with existing job opportunities due to rapid technological changes, as well as export-increasing policies which focus more on capital intensity. The study provides important implications for policymakers, maintaining and optimizing minimum wage increases and foreign investment in a measurable manner because they have proven effective in reducing unemployment rates. Reorienting export strategies policy from capital-intensive to labor-intensive, increasing the human development index adjusted to technological developments, especially in the business and industrial world.

Pakpak Bharat Gambir Tea MSMEs are products extracted from the young leaves of the Gambir plant. Not many people know about Gambir tea and its benefits or functions. Gambir tea products can only be found in online marketplaces, such as Tokopedia, Shopee, Lazada, Mbizmarket.co.id, and Indotrading, where Gambir tea producers are registered with the Pakpak Bharat Regency. One local exporter, Agro Lestari, sells "Gambier Leaf Tea" packaged in boxes with aluminum foil with 25 sachets. Offline sales in Pakpak Bharat Regency are still lacking, both in traditional markets, modern markets such as Indomaret, shops or stalls. Pakpak Bharat Gambir Tea, especially Gambir Sondel leaf tea, has been marketed to several regions in Indonesia, through wholesalers, trading partners and online resellers and social media such as TikTok, Facebook and Instagram, but the content does not provide an explanation of what Gambir tea is, its benefits or functions. The problem is:(1)What types of marketing strategies are effective? (2)How to design online and offline marketing? Objectives:(1)Help the process of understanding effective marketing strategies. (2)Help how to design online and offline marketing. The implementation of the lecture method is accompanied by questions and answers, demonstrations and practice. Gambir Pakpak Bharat tea UMKM carries out effective marketing strategies through market segmentation, targeted markets and fulfilled according to needs. The distribution system is through direct sales at outlets, delivery applications integrated with third-party applications such as GoFood or GrabFood, and online marketplaces as well as marketing communications using social media. and collaborating with local influencers

Cocoa fruit is one of the crops with a long history in Indonesia. Cocoa powder and chocolate are among the export commodities processed from cocoa fruit. Currently, cocoa product exports fluctuate annually. The challenges faced in cocoa product exports are diverse. This study aims to analyze the performance of cocoa product exports in the global market. The data used in this study was obtained from UN Comtrade and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2006 to 2024. The methods used in this study include Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Export Competitiveness Index (ECI). The results show that the export performance of cocoa powder is relatively good, while that of chocolate is not so good. This is based on the RSCA and ECI values of cocoa powder, which are better than those of chocolate. The average RSCA value of cocoa powder is 0.62, while the average RSCA value of chocolate is -0.93. The average ECI value for cocoa powder is 0.95 and the average ECI value for chocolate is 0.97. One of the factors contributing to the good export performance of cocoa powder is that the export value of cocoa powder is higher than that of chocolate. Strict safety standards in export destination countries also pose a barrier to chocolate exports

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between the change in economic growth and the indicators of sustainable human development in Iraq between 2004 and 2023. The paper provides an example of what can happen when there is overdependence on oil and a lack of investment in the key areas of the economy, such as education and healthcare, which lead to negative outcomes in the human development indicators in Iraq. The paper uses highly sophisticated analytical and econometric tools to examine the relationship between GDP growth, per capita income, government spending, oil exports, and inflation and their effects on human development in Iraq. The findings show that there is a positive but weak relationship between economic growth and indicators of human development in Iraq. This underscores the need that appropriate policy recommendations be made aimed at diversifying the Iraqi economy and also investing more in human capital to facilitate sustainable economic growth and improvement in the quality of life of the Iraqi people.

Flooding is one of the most recurrent natural disasters in Central Java Province, particularly during the rainy season. Diverse geographical characteristics, high rainfall intensity, and rapid urban development contribute to the region’s high vulnerability to flood hazards. According to the Central Java Statistics Agency, a total of 414 flood events and 407,784 affected victims were recorded between 2019 and 2021. This study aims to develop a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) capable of mapping the spatial distribution and impact levels of floods across Central Java. The methodology includes collecting flood event data from the Central Java Statistics Agency, processing spatial data such as administrative boundary shapefiles, performing attribute integration between spatial and non-spatial datasets, and creating thematic maps using QGIS. The visualization outputs were exported into an interactive web format using the qgis2web plugin and subsequently integrated into a website developed with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The results show that the GIS system successfully visualizes flood-prone areas, identifies regions with high flood intensity, and enables users to explore detailed information through interactive digital maps. Additional website features—such as historical flood data, statistical summaries, and descriptive impact indicators—enhance the system's usefulness for disaster analysis. This study demonstrates the crucial role of GIS in supporting disaster mitigation, spatial planning, and policy evaluation related to flood management. Future research is recommended to incorporate more recent datasets and additional non-spatial variables such as rainfall intensity and floodwater depth to improve the system’s analytical accuracy and comprehensiveness.