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The increasing use of conventional medical supplies has led to significant environmental challenges due to waste accumulation and the chemical exposure risks faced by healthcare workers. Despite ongoing efforts to adopt environmentally friendly materials, there is a lack of comprehensive studies that combine Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) with direct monitoring of worker exposure. This study aims to compare the environmental and health impacts of biodegradable versus conventional medical supplies by assessing their life-cycle stages, energy consumption, carbon footprint, and hazardous exposure risks. A novel comparative approach was adopted, integrating LCA to evaluate raw material extraction, production, usage, and disposal processes, alongside monitoring the occupational exposure to chemical residues from medical supplies. The results indicate that biodegradable medical supplies reduce environmental footprint by approximately 40%, lower energy consumption, and generate less waste compared to conventional plastics. Additionally, the study shows that biodegradable materials pose a significantly reduced risk of chemical exposure to healthcare workers, offering a safer alternative. However, biodegradable materials present limitations, such as availability, durability, and higher initial costs, which need to be addressed for widespread implementation. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating sustainable practices in healthcare settings, offering actionable insights for hospital management and regulatory bodies. Future research is recommended to further explore the cost-effectiveness of biodegradable materials, conduct large-scale trials, and investigate alternative material types. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on environmental sustainability and occupational safety in healthcare, providing a valuable framework for future policy and operational decisions.

Urban sustainability presents considerable challenges, especially in the management of energy and wastewater treatment systems. Rapid urbanization intensifies the demand for water and energy, leading to increased pressure on existing infrastructure and resources. Wastewater management is essential for urban water sustainability, as untreated wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks. Moreover, wastewater treatment processes are energy-intensive, complicating the balance between environmental goals and energy consumption. To address these challenges, integrating decentralized renewable energy systems, such as solar, biogas, and wind, with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) offers a promising solution. This integration can reduce reliance on centralized power grids, enhance energy self-sufficiency, and promote sustainability. The application of Circular Economy principles, which emphasize resource recovery and system decentralization, is key to this integration. However, technological, economic, and regulatory barriers exist, limiting widespread adoption. This study explores the feasibility of coupling renewable energy with WWTPs, focusing on energy flow simulations, environmental impacts, and economic evaluations. The results indicate that integrating renewable energy can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower operational costs, and improve the resilience of urban water systems, making it a viable option for sustainable urban development.

The basic materials sector company is one of the sectors that is expected to have bright prospects in the future and is one of the sectors that has a sizable role in contributing raw materials. If we look at the stock prices of several basic materials companies, they have experienced erratic increases and decreases. The high and low stock prices are influenced by how the company's financial performance is. The data used in this research is secondary data, namely in the form of annual reports of companies in the basic materials sector for 2017-2021. This research is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The statistical method used is simple regression analysis, panel data regression method, F test, t test, and analysis of the coefficient of determination. The results showed that environmental costs had a partial positive and significant effect on the financial performance of basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. Environmental performance had a partial positive and significant effect on financial performance in basic materials sector companies listed on the Sharia Stock Index. Indonesia. Then environmental costs and environmental performance have a positive and significant simultaneous effect on financial performance in basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index.

As environmental concerns grow, companies are increasingly adopting green innovation and sustainable business practices to meet both regulatory requirements and consumer demand. This paper investigates the drivers of green innovation in Indonesian manufacturing firms and assesses its impact on environmental performance. Using survey data from 100 firms, the study finds that government incentives and consumer pressure significantly influence companies' sustainability strategies. However, the research also identifies challenges in implementing sustainable practices, particularly related to costs and limited technical knowledge. Policy implications include strengthening incentives for green technology and creating partnerships for knowledge sharing.

Vehicle electrification is becoming a growing trend in the transportation industry due to environmental concerns. Therefore, various global efforts are being made to develop electric-driven ships using environmentally friendly energy sources such as batteries. In the implementation of electric and solar-powered shipbuilding, there is always the potential for delays in completion. This is very detrimental to shipyard owners and even ship owners because it is not to the initial plan. Shipyard owners and shipowners must bear greater or unexpected costs due to delays in work. Other risks also have the potential to arise when electric and solar-powered ships are completed until operation. Delays in the completion of electric and solar-powered shipbuilding can be caused by various things. Through this research, the risk analysis of the development of the electric and solar-powered ship industry is discussed in terms of several aspects, namely market, legal, technical, socio-economic environmental, and financial aspects.

Environmental accounting, also known as “Green Accounting” or “Evironmental Accounting”, refers to the process by which businesses or companies incorporate environmental costs into their accounting procedures. Environmental costs are the result of actions that have an impact on the quality of the environment, whether financially or not. The aim of this research is to look at the function, application and impact of environmental accounting on environmental and business sustainability. This research method was carried out using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This approach is used to examine and review all research. A total of 52 articles were analyzed in this research. Research Results Environmental accounting has a positive impact on a number of factors related to the sustainability of a business entity, especially company performance through the use of social responsibility as a mediator. Research on environmental accounting Even though Indonesia is a strong country, it still needs improvement because there is not much research there and the topics discussed are limited. The results of this research have consequences for environmental management initiatives and actions that are based on green innovation or environmentally friendly principles and can develop further.

A green economy to achieve sustainable development provides technological innovation and stock market profits in a sustainable social and environmental economy. To accelerate the transition to an environmentally friendly economy, companies need to understand the impact of implementing environmentally friendly policies and activities on the economy. Results show that green economic growth policies produce future aggregate stock market returns are lower, consistent with the perceived reduction in risk argument by investors. As this research increases our understanding of how the transition to a more sustainable green economy can impact the aggregate profitability of financial markets, implementing a green economy is important to implement appropriate measures to support it sensitively without incurring large costs that adversely impact the health of the economy. Increasing the driving force of technological innovation is the need to comply with environmentally friendly transformation in the economy and realize high-quality economic growth in technological innovation that does not provide support for green economic growth, but over time the impact of technological innovation on economic growth will change to positive. This shows that increasing the ability of technological innovation to encourage environmentally friendly economic efficiency.

In environmental conservation, accounting plays a crucial role undertaken by companies and other groups. This encompasses interests for public organizations and local companies by companies and other groups. Additionally, environmental accounting also contributes to enhancing effectiveness and productivity in environmental preservation activities by improving internal decision-making processes, such as pricing, controlling overhead costs, and capital budgeting. Qualitative research is utilized to understand and explore this phenomenon using triangulation methods to gather data from various different sources. The research findings indicate that limiting the use of oil-fueled vehicles in Indonesia could be an effort to control climate change, in line with the Paris Agreement, while renewable energy stands as an alternative to be utilized. The UNFCCC has endeavored to regulate the amount or effects of greenhouse gases to limit global temperature rise, with each country expected to set their national contributions to combat climate change. This effort is responded to through UN conferences and results in global agreements, including the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, which are legally binding to limit global temperature rise.

The Recapitulation Information System, known as SIREKAP, launched by the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia, is an election tool based on the latest technology to receive and manage manual vote counting of general election results which are converted into digital data. The Recapitulation Information System (SIREKAP) is the starting point in the process of transitioning election administration from manual to digital, which will ensure that elections in Indonesia can be held effectively and efficiently in the future, so that elections and democracy will look better. Through SIREKAP, this long process can be shortened, costs can be reduced, disputes can be extended and resolved more quickly, and elections can be conducted in a more environmentally friendly manner. However, this has many challenges and risks that must be taken seriously. SIREKAP is also vulnerable to election data security problems due to system hacking or data manipulation which could endanger the integrity of election results, especially in the 2024 General Election for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates.

This article discusses the importance of reaching mutually beneficial solutions in international conflicts, focusing on negotiation and mediation as key elements. Negotiation allows both parties to resolve each other's differences, while mediation facilitates dialogue and promotes compromise. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and case approach to analyze relevant laws and regulations related to the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime boundary, using the technique of collecting legal materials for literature studies. These disputes also impact social, political, economic, and environmental life, and both countries must accept the consequences of the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime dispute, such as dispute resolution costs, potential conflicts, and environmental impacts. The results of this study show that negotiations aim to achieve mutually beneficial solutions by providing a forum for communication, identifying common interests, constructive negotiations, and dialogue with regional, national, or international organizations such as the United Nations. Meanwhile, mediation plays an important role in reaching mutually beneficial solutions, assisting effective communication, information and education, claims actions, compromises, facilitating the negotiation process, and reaching mutual agreements.    

This research aims to demonstrate the impact of Environmental Performance and Environmental Costs on Financial Performance and Leverage as Intervening variables in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange throughout the period of 2019-2021.This research falls under the category of quantitative research, utilizing secondary data sourced from financial reports or annual reports released by companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data gathering method employed is the purposive sampling technique, with a selection criterion of 50 companies. This results in a total of 150 data points available for analysis. This study employs descriptive analysis techniques and utilizes the SPSS v26 software for data analysis.      Based on the findings of this study, only three hypotheses were confirmed, while the remaining four were disproven. There is no correlation between Environmental Performance and Leverage, but Environmental Costs do have an impact on Leverage. On the other hand, Environmental Performance does influence Financial Performance, while Environmental Costs do not. Financial performance is not influenced by leverage. The relationship between Environmental Performance and Financial Performance is not influenced by Leverage, and Leverage is not considered an Intervening variable. However, there is a significant influence of Environmental Costs on Financial Performance.

Energy efficiency has become a cornerstone in industrial optimization, reducing operational costs and contributing to sustainability. This paper reviews key innovative approaches in mechanical systems used to enhance energy efficiency within industrial applications. It covers advances in system design, smart technologies, automation, and predictive maintenance. By understanding these techniques, industries can make strides toward greener production processes, lower energy costs, and reduced environmental impact.

This study explores the application of green hydrogen technology for industrial decarbonization, focusing on its techno-economic and environmental feasibility. A quantitative approach was used, incorporating system modeling of a solar-based hydrogen production system combined with electrolyzers. The techno-economic assessment involved calculating the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), estimating capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), and evaluating the system's energy efficiency and hydrogen output. The environmental impact was analyzed using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), comparing the carbon footprint of green hydrogen with fossil-based hydrogen. The results reveal that green hydrogen can reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% compared to fossil hydrogen, primarily due to the use of renewable energy for production. Additionally, the study found significant improvements in energy efficiency as electrolyzer performance and solar capacity increased. The LCOH is expected to decrease steadily as solar panel and electrolyzer prices continue to fall, enhancing the competitiveness of green hydrogen in the energy market. The findings also highlight the potential for heavy industries, such as cement and steel production, to transition from fossil fuels to green hydrogen, contributing to a cleaner industrial energy mix. This transition presents both environmental and economic benefits, with long-term savings from reduced fossil fuel dependency and lower production costs.

Population growth in Indonesia continues to increase every year. If the rate of population growth in Indonesia is currently stagnant. It is estimated that Indonesia's population will double every 5 years. The increase in population has an impact on issues of food security, meeting energy needs, environmental control, and the low level of Indonesia's Human Development Index (HDI). Meanwhile, in the health sector, the increase in population also has an impact on the high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the use of injectable contraceptives for 1 month at the Lahusa South Nias Community Health Center in 2023.The type of research carried out was Descriptive Analytical with a cross sectional approach, the sample in the study was 43 people using a Random Sampling System. The data collected in the research is primary data, namely data obtained directly from respondents. The data analysis used is chi square The results of the cross-tabulation research showed that the majority of mothers' knowledge was good in using contraceptives as many as 12 people (92.3%) with Chi-Square showing a p value of 0.000. So Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is a relationship between the mother's knowledge and the use of injectable contraceptives for 1 month at the Lahusa Health Center, South Nias in 2023. The conclusion is that it is hoped that providing a 1-month injectable contraceptive will make it easier and reduce the costs of carrying out contraception at the Lahusa South Nias Community Health Center in 2023.

This study seeks to create a system for monitoring the environment using the Internet of Things. It aims to help farmers manage their rice fields in a way that is both effective and sustainable. The system will provide farmers with real-time data on soil moisture, air temperature, and rainfall, allowing them to make informed decisions. Sensors will collect this information, which will be analyzed and presented simply through a web or mobile app. Early simulations suggest that this system could boost crop yields by as much as 15% and cut water use and costs by 20%. These findings point to the IoT monitoring system as a practical means to enhance rice farming's efficiency and productivity. Yet, there are hurdles. Issues like poor network infrastructure, high costs of implementation, and the farmers' ability to adapt to this technology need to be overcome for the system to work properly. This study aspires to make a real difference in promoting sustainable farming practices while paving the way for more advanced IoT solutions in the future.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, Environmental Costs, and Company Size on the Financial Performance of mining sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study using the type of quantitative data with the acquisition of secondary data derived from financial statements. Sampling using Purposive Sampling technique with 32 samples in this study. The method used in this study adopts the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to analyze the relationship between CSR disclosure, Environmental Costs and Company Size. The results of this study indicate that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has a positive but insignificant effect on financial performance. While Environmental Costs and Company Size have a negative and significant effect on Financial Performance.

Renewable energy microgrids integrated with smart control systems are emerging as a sustainable solution for electrifying rural industrial zones, offering substantial improvements in energy efficiency and reductions in carbon emissions. This study explores the implementation of hybrid renewable energy systems, combining solar and wind energy, and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to optimize energy consumption in real-time. The findings highlight that the combination of solar and wind energy in microgrids leads to up to a 30% increase in energy efficiency, with a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, reaching up to 50% compared to traditional grid systems. IoT sensors play a crucial role in load forecasting, optimization, and system stability, enabling real-time monitoring and proactive adjustments to energy distribution. Additionally, the implementation of these systems in rural industrial zones not only provides reliable, clean energy but also reduces reliance on fossil fuels, making them economically viable and environmentally sustainable. However, challenges such as high initial investment costs, integration complexities, and the need for skilled technicians remain. Despite these barriers, the long-term benefits of reduced energy costs, improved energy security, and lower carbon footprints make renewable energy microgrids a promising solution. The study suggests that these systems can be scaled to other rural regions facing similar challenges in energy access and carbon emissions, offering a path to sustainable development. Further research is recommended to explore alternative renewable energy combinations and advancements in IoT applications to improve system scalability and efficiency.

This research explores the potential of local bio-composites made from bamboo and coconut fiber as sustainable building materials in Indonesia. The construction sector in Indonesia faces significant environmental challenges, particularly the high carbon emissions associated with conventional materials like concrete and steel. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the environmental and economic benefits of substituting these traditional materials with bio-composites, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and energy optimization simulations. The LCA methodology evaluates the environmental impact of bio-composites across their entire life cycle, comparing them with conventional materials in terms of carbon emissions, energy consumption, and waste. Energy optimization simulations focus on assessing the thermal performance and overall building efficiency when using bio-composites in construction. The main findings suggest that bio-composites exhibit a significantly lower carbon footprint and better thermal insulation properties than concrete and steel, contributing to reduced energy consumption in buildings. Additionally, the use of locally sourced materials like bamboo and coconut fiber offers economic advantages, such as lower transportation costs and support for local economies. The research concludes that bio-composites can serve as viable alternatives to traditional materials, providing both environmental and economic benefits. For successful adoption, the research recommends policy support, technological advancements, and educational initiatives to promote the use of bio-composites in Indonesia’s construction industry.

The integration of Green Internet of Things (Green IoT) systems in agriculture presents a promising solution for addressing critical challenges in water and energy usage. This study investigates the impact of real-time monitoring and data-driven irrigation control on resource optimization in precision agriculture. By incorporating soil moisture sensors, solar-powered IoT devices, and data analytics, the system aims to reduce water and energy consumption, enhancing sustainability in farming practices. The research finds that the Green IoT system can reduce water usage by up to 40% compared to traditional methods, while energy consumption is decreased by approximately 25% through the use of solar energy. The study also explores the advantages of implementing IoT-enabled systems, which ensure precise water delivery, preventing over-watering and under-watering, thereby improving crop yields and reducing waste. Despite these positive outcomes, the research identifies key challenges such as high initial costs, limited infrastructure in rural areas, and concerns related to data security. These barriers hinder the widespread adoption of Green IoT systems, especially in developing agricultural regions. Nonetheless, the findings highlight the potential of Green IoT to foster sustainable agricultural practices by promoting efficient resource use and reducing environmental impact. The study suggests that further research should explore the long-term economic implications of Green IoT adoption and investigate ways to overcome technical and financial challenges. Additionally, expanding the scope of Green IoT to other agricultural sectors, such as livestock farming, could enhance its applicability and overall impact on agricultural sustainability.

This paper presents an optimization approach for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind-battery energy system tailored for remote areas in Indonesia. Due to the archipelagic nature of the country, many remote areas lack access to the national power grid, making renewable energy solutions crucial. This study utilizes a genetic algorithm to optimize system configurations, balancing energy production, storage requirements, and cost efficiency. Results indicate that the proposed hybrid system can meet local demand with high reliability and at lower costs compared to diesel generators. The study also addresses environmental and social impacts, proposing sustainable energy strategies for Indonesia's underserved regions.