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The quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) for infants aged 6–23 months is a key factor in supporting growth and preventing early nutritional problems. However, MP-ASI practices that do not comply with recommendations are still common, especially in areas with limited access to nutrition information and education. One of the promotive-preventive efforts developed in primary health care is the implementation of toddler classes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of toddler classes in improving the nutritional quality of infants receiving MP-ASI in the working area of the Popayato Timur Community Health Center. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 33 infants aged 6–23 months selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through infant anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age (BW/A) and weight for length/height (BW/H), as well as assessing the quality of MP-ASI using quality scores before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and inferentially using paired statistical tests. The results showed an increase in the quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) after the implementation of toddler classes, accompanied by improvements in infant nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age and weight for height, with a statistically significant difference between conditions before and after the intervention. In conclusion, toddler classes are effective in improving the quality of complementary feeding and infant nutritional status, thus potentially being an applicable educational strategy in efforts to improve infant nutrition in primary health care.

Depression is one of the mental health problems that often arise in patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney failure. This condition not only impacts the patient's quality of life, but also affects the treatment process and the burden on the family. However, mental health literacy in the community is still low, so targeted preventive and curative efforts are needed. The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve people's mental health through educational interventions with scientific booklet media that are easy to understand and apply. The activity method is carried out in a participatory manner, including the preparation stage, socialization, educational implementation, and evaluation. Education is provided to the community with a focus on preventing depression through a healthy lifestyle, stress management skills, and early intervention efforts by seeking professional support. Evaluation is carried out through pre-post tests, observations, and group discussions. The results of the activity showed an increase in public knowledge about depression, a change in attitudes to be more open in expressing feelings, as well as practical skills in relaxation, maintaining sleep patterns, and building social support. Participants also better understand the importance of seeking professional help when depressive symptoms are getting worse. The conclusion of this PKM is that the scientific booklet has proven to be effective as a preventive and curative educational intervention medium, and can be an innovative strategy in improving the mental health of people affected by chronic diseases.

Introduction: Dental and oral health problems in school-age children are still a major public health concern. The Little Doctor Program is a school-based health promotion approach that involves the active role of students as agents of change. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Small Doctors in promoting dental health in elementary schools. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest–posttest approach. The subjects of the study were elementary school students who participated in dental health promotion activities by Small Doctors. Interventions include counseling, demonstrations of proper brushing of teeth, and the use of educational media. Data were collected using a questionnaire of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was a significant improvement in students' dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Small Doctor Program is effective as a strategy for promoting dental health in elementary schools and has the potential to support promotional and preventive efforts for children's dental health.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is one of the main instruments of social protection policies in Indonesia that aims to reduce poverty through conditional social assistance. However, in its implementation, this program still faces various problems related to the accuracy of the aid distribution targets, especially in urban areas such as Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta. This study aims to analyze various problems in the distribution of PKH social assistance, assess their impact on the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, and identify strategies that can ensure targeted assistance. The approach used is qualitative descriptive with a case study method, through data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation of PKH companions, Beneficiary Families (KPM), and village officials in Jagakarsa District. The results of the study show that although PKH has provided real benefits for most KPMs, its implementation is still constrained by inaccurate data, limited capacity of companions, low digital literacy, and weak coordination between agencies. On the other hand, targeted distribution of assistance has been proven to increase access to education and health, improve household economic conditions, and encourage behavioral changes towards independence. Therefore, an integrated strategy is needed including strengthening the capacity of social companions, digitizing the distribution system, active community participation, and local culture-based empowerment education to ensure the long-term effectiveness of PKH in reducing poverty rates.

Body shaming and physical discrimination are significant issues affecting adolescents' psychological development. Adolescents who experience negative treatment related to their physical appearance often face low self-esteem, stress, and social isolation. This article discusses the implementation of multicultural counseling as an effective intervention strategy to address these problems. Multicultural counseling emphasizes understanding cultural differences, values, and social norms that influence perceptions of the body and appearance. This approach involves self-reflection techniques, group discussions, role-playing, and personal experience narratives to enhance self-awareness, empathy, and adolescents’ ability to cope with body shaming and physical discrimination. In addition, counselors provide education on social stereotypes, beauty standards, and the importance of inclusion, helping adolescents develop adaptive coping mechanisms. Research findings indicate that multicultural counseling can reduce negative psychological impacts, increase self-acceptance, and promote tolerance toward physical diversity. The implementation of this counseling is essential for creating social environments that support adolescents’ mental and emotional development. This article offers practical contributions for counselors, educators, and psychology practitioners in designing multicultural-based interventions that are sensitive to issues of body shaming and physical discrimination

This study aims to apply the Discovery Learning model in teaching the solar system in grade VI at SDN Patrang 02 Elementary School in Jember Regency. This model was chosen to overcome learning problems that are still teacher-centered and do not provide opportunities for students to think critically and discover concepts independently. Through this approach, it is hoped that students can be more active, creative, and understand the concept of the solar system more deeply through a direct discovery process. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with a participatory strategy. Activities were carried out through the stages of planning, implementation of learning, observation, and reflection with teachers and students. Data were collected through observation of learning activities, interviews with teachers, and documentation during the learning process. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to describe the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning application in improving the quality of learning.The results of the study indicate that the application of Discovery Learning can increase student active participation, critical thinking skills, and understanding of the solar system concept. Teachers also experienced an increase in their ability to design and implement student-centered learning. In addition, this activity encourages the formation of a collaborative learning culture and the growth of teacher leadership in learning innovation in elementary schools.

The implementation of online zakat payments by BAZNAS Jambi Province faced several challenges, including suboptimal use of the Simba application due to system errors. Additionally, there was a lack of public trust in online zakat payments, insufficient public literacy on the matter, and inadequate socialization and education from BAZNAS Jambi regarding the online payment process. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection via interviews. To optimize digital zakat management, BAZNAS Jambi implemented a strategy involving both their website and the SIMBA system, offering two digital payment options: transfers and QRIS codes. They also pursued partnerships with companies and promoted zakat payments through social media platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, Google Ads, Meta Ads, as well as TVRI and RRI television. However, there were challenges, including human resource limitations at BAZNAS Jambi, which resulted in delays when verifying factual data. Additionally, high IT operational costs limited the effectiveness of SIMBA and the website. The coordination issues, including both functional and institutional coordination, were also identified as significant problems. To address these challenges, BAZNAS Jambi has been working on solutions such as community education, socializing zakat management with the public and local government agencies (OPDs), and improving internal coordination.         

The Socialization Program of Self-Token Economy Techniques was carried out at the Muhammadiyah Nuruddin Orphanage with the main goal of increasing the academic motivation of orphanage children through a token-based reward system approach. Children in orphanages often face challenges such as low motivation to learn, lack of incentive systems, lack of confidence, and an unconducive learning environment. To answer these problems, this program prioritizes the Self-Token Economy technique as an educational and applicative intervention strategy. The implementation method consists of the preparation stage, the implementation of socialization, and impact evaluation. The target of the activity was 15 orphanage children who were actively involved in the entire series of programs. This activity also involves strategic partners who play a role in providing facilities, technical assistance, and program sustainability planning. The results showed an increase in participants' academic motivation, characterized by increased participation in learning activities, understanding of the award system, and the emergence of independent learning initiatives. In addition, this program produces outputs in the form of scientific publications as a form of dissemination of knowledge and good practices in developing the academic motivation of orphanage children. In conclusion, the Self-Token Economy technique has proven to be effective as a social intervention approach that can be applied in the orphanage environment to support the achievement of children's education more optimally.

The general problem faced by cooperatives is the low quality of Human Resources (SDM) managerial in managing the entities owned by these members. So the specific objective of this community service is directed at constructing the management's understanding of entrepreneurial-based cooperative management which is derived to answer 3 (three) specific problems, namely: (1) what is meant by cooperative entrepreneurship towards prosperous members?; (2) why is cooperative entrepreneurship important for student cooperative managers towards prosperous members? and (3) how to internalize cooperative entrepreneurship in student cooperative managers towards prosperous members? The method used is Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with participants being the management of the Student Cooperative (Kopma) al-Kautsar UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung. The results of the service show that Kopma members have the same insight in perceiving cooperative entrepreneurship, namely the entrepreneurial spirit of members. Entrepreneurial spirit is a member modality shown by the creativity and independence of members. Meanwhile, the strategy to internalize cooperative entrepreneurship is by translating cooperative values ​​reflected in a responsible attitude implemented in the form of an Annual Members Meeting (RAT).

In the Candi Village community, there is still a phenomenon of a lack of awareness in understanding, exploring, and experiencing the historical values contained in Gedong Songo Temple. This condition has implications for the less than optimal use of historical sites as educational facilities and media for forming local cultural identity. Efforts to increase historical awareness are considered more effective if instilled from an early age through a contextual and applied educational approach. This study focused on students of SDN Candi 03, most of whom come from four hamlets around the area, namely Talun, Nglarangan, Ngipik, and Ndarum. The community service program designed aims to provide solutions to the partner's priority problem, namely low historical awareness among students, through the application of educational tourism and Project Based Learning (PjBL) methods. Educational tourism is positioned as a learning strategy that integrates recreational and educational aspects, allowing students to gain firsthand experience in interpreting historical sites. Meanwhile, PjBL is oriented towards project-based activities that encourage active student involvement in exploring real-world problems and producing creative products or solutions. The program is divided into three main stages: preparation, activity implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The results of these activities are expected to increase students' knowledge, awareness, and concern for local cultural heritage, while fostering a sense of responsibility in preserving Gedong Songo Temple. Thus, educational tourism and PjBL-based education can be a relevant alternative model for fostering historical awareness among the younger generation in areas surrounding historical sites.

In the final phase of their studies, students often experience intense psychological pressure, especially when writing their final thesis. If this academic stress is not managed optimally, it can cause mental health problems, reduce internal motivation, and lead to despair in the context of education. Hardiness personality is one of the psychological characteristics that is believed to play a crucial role in dealing with such situations. Hardiness encompasses the dimensions of control, commitment, and the ability to see challenges as opportunities, thereby encouraging individuals to persevere in the face of external pressures. This study focuses on the relationship between hardiness personality and the level of stress experienced by final-year students of the Diploma Three Nursing Study Program at Abulyatama University while writing scientific papers. This study used a correlational quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, involving 63 students selected through proportional random sampling. The Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS) was used to measure hardiness, while the Student-Life Stress Inventory (SSI) was used to assess stress levels. Data collection took place from April 26 to May 8, 2025. To obtain valid results, data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The research findings show a significant negative correlation between hardiness personality and stress levels in the process of writing scientific papers (p=0.004; p<0.05). Students who show high levels of hardiness tend to experience lower stress during the preparation of scientific papers, while those with low hardiness are more vulnerable to high academic pressure. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increasing hardiness in students is very important as a strategy for dealing with academic demands, especially in writing scientific papers. Thus, students are expected to be able to strengthen their self-control, commitment to the learning process, and positive perspective towards various challenges.

This research aims to study and offer solutions to the problem of fruit flies that attack citrus plantations in Gadingkulon Village through the Integrated Pest Control (PHT) approach. Fruit fly attacks have caused significant losses to citrus farmers, so an effective and sustainable control strategy is needed. PHT is implemented by integrating mechanical methods in the form of garden sanitation and yellow trap installation, as well as renewable technology approaches to suppress the population and life cycle of fruit flies. This activity is carried out through the stages of socialization, training, and group discussion forums (FGD) which involve the active participation of farmers as subjects as well as agents of change. This participatory approach aims to improve farmers' understanding and skills in implementing PHT techniques independently and consistently. The results of the activity showed that the combination of mechanical and educational methods was able to significantly reduce the intensity of fruit fly attacks. In addition, the benefits of this program can be reviewed from the economic aspect, in the form of increasing crop yields and farmers' income, as well as the ecological aspect, in the form of reducing the use of chemical pesticides that have a negative impact on the environment. Thus, the implementation of PHT in Gadingkulon Village shows great potential to be replicated in other areas that face similar problems, in order to support sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural development.

Child marriage remains a serious problem in Indonesia despite the revision of the Marriage Law, which raised the minimum age for marriage to 19 for both men and women through Law No. 16 of 2019. This practice remains widespread, especially in rural areas with a high prevalence due to economic and cultural factors, the existence of marriage dispensation mechanisms, and low legal literacy. The phenomenon of child marriage has multidimensional impacts, including reproductive health risks, high school dropout rates, low quality human resources, economic vulnerability, and psychological problems that can ultimately lead to high divorce rates and intergenerational structural poverty. Through Community Service Activities (PKM), prevention efforts are carried out by providing legal education and outreach regarding the risks of early marriage. Methods used include lectures, presentations, modeling, role plays, and small group discussions involving teenagers, parents, traditional leaders, and religious leaders. The results of the activities showed a significant increase in legal understanding, where 85% of participants were aware of the minimum age for marriage according to the latest regulations. Furthermore, there was increased awareness of the negative impacts of child marriage and a growing commitment from community leaders to continue ongoing outreach. The conclusion of this activity confirmed that marriage law education is an effective strategy in raising public awareness. However, preventing child marriage cannot rely solely on legal outreach; it needs to be strengthened through cross-sector collaboration, integration of materials into the school curriculum, family economic empowerment, and strengthening the role of religious and traditional leaders in shaping social opinion. Therefore, efforts to prevent early marriage require a more holistic, participatory, and sustainable strategy to protect children's rights and realize the development of a quality future generation.

Child marriage remains a serious problem in Indonesia despite the revision of the Marriage Law, which raised the minimum age for marriage to 19 for both men and women through Law No. 16 of 2019. This practice remains widespread, especially in rural areas with a high prevalence due to economic and cultural factors, the existence of marriage dispensation mechanisms, and low legal literacy. The phenomenon of child marriage has multidimensional impacts, including reproductive health risks, high school dropout rates, low quality human resources, economic vulnerability, and psychological problems that can ultimately lead to high divorce rates and intergenerational structural poverty. Through Community Service Activities (PKM), prevention efforts are carried out by providing legal education and outreach regarding the risks of early marriage. Methods used include lectures, presentations, modeling, role plays, and small group discussions involving teenagers, parents, traditional leaders, and religious leaders. The results of the activities showed a significant increase in legal understanding, where 85% of participants were aware of the minimum age for marriage according to the latest regulations. Furthermore, there was increased awareness of the negative impacts of child marriage and a growing commitment from community leaders to continue ongoing outreach. The conclusion of this activity confirmed that marriage law education is an effective strategy in raising public awareness. However, preventing child marriage cannot rely solely on legal outreach; it needs to be strengthened through cross-sector collaboration, integration of materials into the school curriculum, family economic empowerment, and strengthening the role of religious and traditional leaders in shaping social opinion. Therefore, efforts to prevent early marriage require a more holistic, participatory, and sustainable strategy to protect children's rights and realize the development of a quality future generation.

This research is based on problems in the strategy of the environment and hygiene agency in waste management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency, including: 1). There are limitations of supporting facilities and infrastructure in waste management in coastal areas. 2). Low sense of responsibility and participation of the community and tourists in protecting the coastal environment from garbage. 3). A directed and sustainable waste management strategy in coastal areas has not been prepared by the Pangandaran Regency Environment and Hygiene Office. The purpose of this study is to find out the strategy of the environment and hygiene agency in waste management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative research approach. This study uses Primary Data and Secondary Data. The primary data in this study is the result of interviews with 8 informants consisting of 1 head of service, 1 head of field, 2 cleaners, and 4 community leaders from coastal areas. Secondary data in this study are documents that have relevance to the research. The data collection technique in this study consists of interviews, observations and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this study consist of data reduction, data display and conclusion or verification. The results of the study show that the strategy of the environment and hygiene agency in waste management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency has not run optimally. The obstacles are due to the ineffectiveness of the recycling program, the lack of public awareness, the absence of the application of technology and management strategies that have not involved the participation of other stakeholders, and the weak role of coordination among stakeholders. DLHK's efforts to overcome obstacles by education, policy issuance, and provision of basic waste management facilities.

Drug abuse among adolescents is a serious problem that requires a comprehensive prevention strategy. One key element in this effort is family education, which plays a frontline role in protecting adolescents from the negative influence of drugs. Through consistent education, supervision, and emotional support, families can build a foundation for positive behavior and mental resilience in adolescents. Effective family education includes open communication between parents and children, teaching moral and religious values, and creating a safe, harmonious, and warm home environment. Healthy communication allows adolescents to feel comfortable discussing problems or pressures they face, thereby minimizing the risk of falling into drug abuse. In addition to the role of the family, psychological approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) have proven effective in strengthening adolescents' resilience to social pressures and the temptation of drugs. CBT focuses on helping individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns and risky behaviors that trigger abuse. With CBT techniques, adolescents can learn stress management skills, improve decision-making skills, and develop healthier, adaptive behaviors. The integration of family education and CBT therapy results in a more holistic prevention approach. Families provide a foundation of morals, values, and emotional support, while CBT strengthens adolescents' psychological abilities to face life's challenges. This synergy can increase resilience, reduce vulnerability to negative influences, and equip adolescents with effective strategies for resisting drugs. By optimizing the role of the family and combining it with psychological interventions, it is hoped that a healthy, productive young generation will emerge, free from the threat of drugs, enabling them to contribute positively to society and the future of the nation.

This research is motivated by the suboptimal strategy of the Pangandaran Regency Tourism and Culture Office in supporting sustainable tourism development. Several problems identified include the lack of optimal management of facilities and infrastructure, such as waste management, and inadequate transportation facilities. Furthermore, tourism promotion has not been carried out in a sustainable and measurable manner, compounded by the absence of a Regional Promotion Agency. Human resources (HR) in the tourism sector also still lack a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sustainable tourism, which is a major challenge in implementing this policy effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies implemented by the Pangandaran Regency Tourism and Culture Office in developing sustainable tourism. The method used was descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of government elements, communities, and tourism business actors. The results showed that the strategies implemented by the Pangandaran Regency Tourism and Culture Office encompass four dimensions of strategic management: environmental monitoring, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and evaluation and control. However, the strategies that have been implemented have not been optimal. Several efforts have been made, including increased training based on local potential, technology education, the formation of promotional groups, and regular activity evaluations. However, major challenges remain: strengthening coordination between various stakeholders and improving natural resource management and more environmentally friendly supporting facilities. This study illustrates the need for strategic and policy adjustments to optimize sustainable tourism development in Pangandaran Regency, with a focus on increasing understanding and involvement of the community and businesses, as well as optimizing infrastructure and promoting more planned and measurable initiatives.

This community service program is designed to address the need for digitalization in administrative management and improve digital literacy in schools. The main focus of the activity is training on the use of Google Workspace as an integrated knowledge management system to improve work efficiency and collaboration among staff. Problems faced by schools include the continued use of manual administrative systems and a low understanding of how to use digital platforms. The training was conducted as a workshop with a learning-by-doing approach, allowing participants to learn directly and contextually. The training material covered the operation of various Google Workspace features, such as Google Forms, Sheets, Calendar, Docs, Drive, and Meet. This activity was designed so that participants not only understand the function of each application but also are able to integrate them into daily administrative activities. The training evaluation was conducted through pre- and post-tests, which showed a significant increase in participants' technical understanding. In addition to improving digital competency, this training also encouraged a shift in work culture towards a more collaborative, efficient, and data-driven one. The program's success demonstrates that digital transformation in educational environments can be achieved through an educational, participatory approach tailored to local needs. With positive results, this activity has the potential to be replicated in other educational institutions as a sustainable strategy for cloud-based administrative management. This training is proof that adopting digital technology in schools can strengthen administrative governance comprehensively and sustainably.

The objective of this mentoring activity is to increase the capacity of swimming pool managers, particularly in strengthening management and sustainable management strategies. With this increased capacity, it is hoped that Tirta Arum Swimming Pool can develop into a valuable village asset, both economically and socially. The swimming pool will not only provide a source of income for the village but also serve as a means of recreation, education, and social interaction for the surrounding community. The method used in this mentoring activity is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), an approach that emphasizes active community participation in every stage of the planning process, decision-making, and program implementation. PRA enables village communities, including Tirta Arum Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) managers, to analyze their environmental conditions, identify problems, and design contextual and sustainable solutions. This approach is implemented through structured mentoring, education, and training activities. Direct community involvement aims to foster a sense of ownership and responsibility for swimming pool management. In addition, with training tailored to local needs, managers are expected to be able to apply effective management principles, from planning and financial management to customer service and promotional strategies. Thus, the results of this activity are not only temporary improvements, but also long-term empowerment that contributes to the independence and business aspirations of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). Through the PRA method, this activity not only provides an immediate solution to swimming pool management problems but also increases the independence of the community and managers in developing and operating the business sustainably. This increased community participation is expected to foster a sense of ownership (a sense of belonging) towards the swimming pool as a shared property.

This study discusses the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to improve critical thinking in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMP Negeri 1 Bantarsari. The focus of this research is on the planning and implementation of the PBL model to improve students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe in depth how the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model can contribute to improving students' critical thinking skills in the context of PAI learning. This type of research is a field research with a qualitative approach and is presented descriptively. The data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. This research was conducted directly in the school environment so as to produce actual and contextual empirical data. The results of the study show that teachers have designed learning well through the preparation of teaching modules as guidelines. The implementation of learning is carried out in three main stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. At the implementation stage, the PBL model is applied through five steps: (1) orientation to the problem, (2) organizing students to learn, (3) individual and group investigations, (4) presentation of discussion results, and (5) reflection on learning outcomes. Evaluation is carried out on an ongoing basis both during the learning process and at the end of the activity. The application of this Problem Based Learning model has proven to be effective in increasing students' critical thinking. Students show improved ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems relevant to PAI material. In addition, students also become more active, independent, and used to expressing opinions in group discussions. Interaction between students increases positively, creating a collaborative and participatory learning environment. This indicates that the use of the PBL model can be the right strategy in developing students' critical thinking skills at the junior secondary education level.