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This study evaluates the management audit of the procurement of goods and services for the 4G Base Transceiver Station (BTS) project managed by BAKTI Kominfo, with a primary focus on compliance with applicable regulations, the effectiveness of internal controls, and deviations at various stages of procurement. A qualitative approach was used, with analysis of documents, official news, and investigative audit findings from BPKP. The results indicate that the project procurement did not comply with Presidential Regulation No. 16 of 2018 and BAKTI Director Regulation No. 7 of 2020, with findings including tender manipulation, weak contract verification, and low levels of transparency. The planning process was also unsupported by adequate feasibility studies, while weak internal oversight exacerbated tender rigging and fund disbursements without proper verification. This study emphasizes the need for improvements in internal oversight, strengthening control mechanisms, and the implementation of e-procurement systems to enhance transparency and accountability in public procurement.

The proliferation of online gambling promotional comments on Indonesian social media has become a serious issue requiring fast and accurate automated handling. This study aims to implement a Hybrid Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method to classify online gambling comments and compare its performance with standalone RNN and LSTM models. The research utilized a dataset of 10,230 comments subjected to comprehensive preprocessing stages, including the normalization of non-standard language using a slang dictionary. Testing was conducted across three data-splitting scenarios: 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30. Experimental results demonstrate that the standalone LSTM model achieved the highest average accuracy of 97.45%. However, the Hybrid RNN–LSTM model showed significant superiority in terms of performance stability, yielding the lowest standard deviation (0.0027) and the smallest Coefficient of Variation (0.28%) across all scenarios. These findings indicate that while the LSTM architecture is highly effective at capturing short-text context, the Hybrid approach provides better robustness against fluctuations in data proportions, making it highly relevant for implementation as an automated detection system on social media.

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are highly susceptible to noise and artifacts, which can degrade analysis accuracy, particularly in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) studies. Therefore, effective preprocessing is required to improve signal quality prior to further analysis. This study proposes an integrated EEG preprocessing pipeline that combines a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) band-pass filter (0.5–70 Hz) with notch filtering and detrending, followed by temporal denoising using the Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) with the Daubechies 4 mother wavelet and spatial filtering based on SPHARA. This dual-domain approach is designed to address both temporal and spatial noise in multichannel EEG signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed FIR combined with SWT and SPHARA pipeline consistently outperforms single-domain preprocessing methods, achieving a maximum Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 31.93 dB. The proposed method also produces the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (16.81 µV) and Standard Deviation (SD) (0.75 µV), indicating high signal stability with minimal amplitude distortion. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values remain stable within the range of 29.5–592.3 µV, with a minimum RMSE of 29.5 µV, demonstrating effective noise suppression while preserving signal energy. These results confirm that integrating temporal and spatial preprocessing significantly improves EEG signal quality and supports more reliable EEG analysis for ASD-related studies.

Public services are a state obligation to meet the basic needs of the community and have a strong legal basis through various laws and regulations in Indonesia. However, in practice, the implementation of public services still faces various problems such as slow service processes, unclear procedures, lack of transparency in costs and service times, and maladministration. This study aims to analyze the gap between the normative concept of public services and their implementation in practice and to identify factors that influence the low quality of public services. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research through analysis of various literature, laws and regulations, and data from public service supervisory agencies. The results show that the main problems in public services in Indonesia are related to the weak implementation of service standards, low transparency and accountability, and suboptimal professionalism of the apparatus. In addition, maladministration practices such as prolonged delays and procedural deviations are still common. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government is one effort to improve service quality, although its implementation still faces obstacles in human resources, infrastructure, and bureaucratic culture. Therefore, strengthening public service governance, increasing transparency, and optimizing oversight are necessary to ensure public services are more effective, accountable, and oriented toward the public interest.

Public service is a key indicator in evaluating local government performance; however, various service issues continue to generate increasing public complaints. This study aims to analyze trends in public complaints, identify the most frequently reported institutions, and examine the types of maladministration and the status of complaint resolution through the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in South Sulawesi Province during 2023–2025. This study offers novelty by providing an integrated analysis of complaint trends, distribution of reported institutions, types of maladministration, and resolution outcomes based on Ombudsman data at the regional level. This research employs a qualitative approach using document analysis, with public complaint reports as the unit of analysis. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that local governments are the most frequently reported institutions (55.1%), with dominant maladministration types including procedural deviations and prolonged delays. Several complaints were proven to involve maladministration and were resolved through the Ombudsman’s supervisory mechanism. These findings highlight that public complaints serve as an important instrument in enhancing accountability and transparency in public service delivery. Therefore, local governments need to strengthen service standards, improve the capacity of public officials, and develop more effective complaint management systems.

Ineffective spare part inventory planning may lead to supply delays and reduced compliance with lead time supply key performance indicators (KPIs). This study aims to implement the Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) method in spare part inventory planning at PT XYZ and to compare lead time supply performance before and after the implementation of the CPFR method. This research utilizes spare part usage data from January to June 2025, focusing on fast-moving spare parts. Demand forecasting is conducted using an error forecasting approach with the moving average method. Forecast accuracy is evaluated using the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Furthermore, inventory planning is carried out through the calculation of safety stock and reorder point (ROP) as the basis for determining replenishment decisions. The results indicate that the simulated implementation of the CPFR method provides a more structured and anticipative inventory planning process. The comparison of performance before and after the application of CPFR shows an improvement in lead time supply compliance with the established KPIs. Therefore, the CPFR method has the potential to support improved spare part inventory planning performance at PT XYZ.

This study analyzes the juridical issues related to the implementation of criminal sanctions below the statutory minimum, as reflected in Cassation Decision Number 7853/K/Pid.Sus/2024. The focus of this research centers on the tension between the rigid provisions of Article 111 paragraph (1) of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics and the reality of judicial practice, which often deviates from these provisions. This phenomenon raises debates regarding the extent to which the principle of legality can be compromised in pursuit of justice without undermining the pillar of legal certainty within Indonesia’s criminal justice system. Using a normative legal research method with a statutory and case study approach, this study qualitatively analyzes judges’ considerations. The findings indicate that, although the policy of imposing sentences below the minimum carries the risk of creating legal uncertainty, the Supreme Court in this case reinterpreted the principle of legality. Judges tend to prioritize proportionality and substantive justice to avoid purely mechanical punishment. The study concludes that, while judicial discretion represents a concrete expression of judicial independence, such practice requires clearer normative parameters. Without explicit regulation, deviations from the statutory minimum risk widening disparities in judicial decisions. Therefore, standardized sentencing guidelines are necessary to preserve legal integrity while maintaining a sense of justice for defendants.

One of the risk impacts of blasting activities is flyrock. The impact of flyrock can be minimized by evaluate the factors that influence flyrock such as blasting geometry. Flyrock cannot be completely eliminated but flyrock distance can be reduced to prevent damage. This study aims to determine the actual maximum flyrock distance in the field and the factors that influence the flyrock distance. This study was conducted at PT. Sims Jaya Kaltim, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. This research was conducted 31 times and the average throwing distance was 79.8 meters, the actual maximum flyrock throwing distance was 134.3 meters and the minimum throw was 40.5 meters. In the flyrock throw prediction, the Richard & Moore calculation method was used with a face burst mechanism of 121.3 meters and cratering of 232.2 meters and the Ebrahim Ghasemi dimensional analysis method of 104.5 meters. From both methods, the Ebrahim Ghasemi method was found to be closest to the actual flyrock with a standard deviation of 29.49 meters and an error percentage of 2.90%. From the results of the correlation between the blasting parameters and the actual flyrock, it was found that the factors that influence the occurrence of flyrock are powder factors, so an analysis was carried out to obtain a maximum flyrock throwing distance of 90 meters so that the safe radius of the tool is 180 meters, then the maximum powder factor used is 0.14 kg/m3.

This research was motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of MA Negeri 1 Serang students. So it is necessary to implement learning media that helps improve students' mathematics learning outcomes. One of the learning media used is Matrix Domino Cards. This research aims to determine the learning outcomes of students who received treatment using domino matrices and students who were not given learning treatment using domino matrices. The research results show that the learning outcomes of students who were treated using matrix domino card media were higher than the learning outcomes of students without using matrix domino card media. The results of statistical tests show that students' interest in learning using domino matrix media in the experimental class obtained an average = 67.78 and standard deviation = 20.88, while learning without using domino matrix media in the experimental class obtained data on the average interest in learning of participants students = 49.72 and standard deviation = 15.48, then after carrying out the t test the results were obtained that tcount > ttable, namely 1.80 > 0.354. Hypothesis testing results obtained were tcount > ttable, so ha was accepted, meaning there was an increase in student learning outcomes using domino matrix learning media in class XI MA Negeri 1 Serang Academic Year 2022/2023.

Stunting is a phenomenon of growth impairment experienced by infants and young children under 5 years of age, particularly toddlers aged 0–59 months. Based on Global Prevalence Data, approximately 21.9% to 22% of toddlers worldwide experience stunting. Several factors that contribute to stunting include breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) practices. This study aims to explore the association between experiences of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and the incidence of stunting among children in the Kampa Community Health Center area. The method used in this study was a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted during the period of January 8–13, 2024, at the Kampa Community Health Center, involving toddlers aged 6–59 months, with a population of 1,576 toddlers. The sample consisted of 68 mothers who had stunted toddlers, measured using a height-for-age (H/A) Z-score of less than -2 standard deviations (SD). The sampling technique applied was total sampling. Data collection was carried out using a microtoise and questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square method. The findings showed a significant relationship between a history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting with a P value of 0.00 < 0.05, as well as a significant relationship between exclusive complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a P value of 0.04 < 0.05. It is recommended that health workers organize counseling classes on lactation and conduct demonstrations on how to prepare complementary foods (MP-ASI), focusing on the use of affordable local food ingredients that are rich in animal protein. In addition, continuous training for community health cadres needs to be carried out to improve early detection through accurate anthropometric measurements, so that toddlers at risk of stunting can be promptly managed.

This study analyzes the stage identity practices of the dangdut music group Sri Mules as a  cultural branding strategy in Pantura dangdut performances. In contrast to common dangdut performance patterns that position the singer as the primary visual focus, Sri Mules adopts a performative approach that foregrounds accompanying musicians as the main visual actors through the use of unconventional costumes and collective stage actions. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study strategy, this research draws on visual documentation of performances circulated on social media during the group’s active phase (2020–2021), complemented by semi-structured interviews and reflective observations. Data were analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman, informed by performance theory (Schechner) and the concept of cultural branding (Holt). The findings indicate that Sri Mules’ stage identity is constructed and reproduced through consistent visual deviation and collective performativity, functioning as a strategy of symbolic differentiation in the Pantura dangdut performance landscape. This study highlights the role of accompanying musicians as active agents in shaping the visual identity of dangdut performances.

This study examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings on firm performance and the moderating role of ESG rating disagreement within the Indonesian capital market. Using a panel dataset of 63 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023 and employing a fixed-effects regression model, the analysis measures firm performance with Tobin’s Q, ESG ratings from Refinitiv Eikon, and ESG rating disagreement as the standard deviation between Refinitiv and Bloomberg scores. The empirical results indicate that ESG ratings do not have a statis-tically significant effect on firm performance, and ESG rating disagreement does not significantly moderate this relationship. These findings suggest that ESG-related information has not yet been fully internalized into firm valuation in Indonesia, with current ESG practices perceived as largely symbolic rather than substantively integrated into corporate strategy. The study concludes that both ESG ratings and rating disagreement fail to serve as effective mechanisms for enhancing firm performance in the Indonesian context, reflecting the early-stage development and compliance-driven nature of ESG adoption in emerging markets.

Operational quality in the oil and gas sector strongly depends on the accuracy of monitoring instruments, such as oxygen analyzers. This study aims to validate the performance of an oxygen analyzer using the Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) procedure conducted by PT JGC Indonesia. The testing methodology involves the use of reference gases at different concentration levels, including nitrogen as the zero gas, to evaluate the linearity and consistency of the analyzer output within the 4-20 mA signal range. In addition, the tests are performed to verify the conformity of the instrument response with the datasheet specifications and applicable FAT procedures. The results show that the analyzer provides accurate measurement data with low deviation and a responsive alarm system under critical conditions. These findings confirm that the instrument meets the required technical standards. Based on the validation results, the oxygen analyzer is considered ready for installation and suitable for operation to support process safety in oil and gas facilities. This achievement confirms that a rigorous validation process is key to ensuring peace and operational safety in the oil and gas industry.

Decision-making under uncertainty is a major challenge in management, economics, and public policy, where outcomes cannot be accurately predicted due to limited information and environmental dynamics. This article conducts a systematic literature review of risk and probability approaches to decision-making under uncertainty, focusing on rational theory synthesis (such as expected utility theory, decision tree analysis, and Bayesian decision theory) and behavioral perspectives (prospect theory and heuristics). The review covers reputable literature from the last ten years to the present. The results show that the probabilistic approach provides a strong and adaptive rational framework, but has significant limitations due to cognitive biases such as loss aversion, overconfidence, and ambiguity aversion, which cause deviations from normative rationality. The integration of rational approaches with behavioral elements, through hybrid models, has proven to be more comprehensive and realistic for dealing with true uncertainty (Knightian uncertainty). These findings emphasize the need for a multidimensional decision-making paradigm in organizational and policy practices.

The illegal acquisition of land certificates is a serious problem in Indonesia's land law system because it has the potential to eliminate legal certainty regarding land rights. Certificates that are supposed to serve as strong proof of rights can still be obtained thru unauthorized possession, manipulation of legal data, or deviations from administrative procedures. This research aims to analyze the acquisition of illegal land certificates from a land law perspective and its legal implications for legal certainty. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, examining Law Number 5 of 1960, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997, and Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021. The research results indicate that land certificates obtained illegally contain legal defects and can be revoked, and also have administrative, civil, and criminal legal implications that directly disrupt legal certainty regarding land rights. Therefore, consistent law enforcement and strengthening the land registration system are needed to ensure legal protection and certainty of land rights in Indonesia.

The problem lies in the load lock from the wheel arm, the BLDC motor whose distance cannot be adjusted, and the flywheel whose movement is less smooth than the original design. The purpose of refining the design is to obtain smooth movement and the position of the load lock from the wheel arm, the BLDC motor that can be adjusted to be ergonomic and optimal. The method of refining the design and manufacture of the rear shock breaker spring type electric bicycle through the stages of working load analysis, the need for the distance of the load setting position and the BLDC motor, calculating the construction strength, manufacturing components, assembling components, and evaluating the results of the shock breaker manufacture. The results of refining the design and manufacture of the rear shock breaker spring type electric bicycle show that the movement of the load lock position from the wheel arm and the BLDC motor is smooth, the flywheel must be balanced, the dimensions of the shock breaker device are 120 cm long, 49.5 cm wide, 155 cm high, 120 rpm rotation speed, 2 cm shock breaker movement distance, and 1.5 cm sideways movement deviation which implies being able to provide adequate damping for electric bicycle riders well.

The Mapan Satria Program represents the Kediri City Government's commitment, through the Department of Transportation, to enhance public service quality in the bus transportation sector under the name Bus Satria; however, operational obstacles such as schedule unreliability and insufficient public information persist. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Mapan Satria Program managed by the Kediri City Department of Transportation commencing in 2023. Program effectiveness was analyzed based on Annas's (2017) seven indicators using a qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis indicates that the Mapan Satria Program (Moda Angkutan Pelayanan Aman dan Nyaman Sarana Transportasi Kediri Bahagia) has not yet operated effectively. While aspects such as timeliness, work mechanisms, inter-agency cooperation, fund disbursement, and monitoring and evaluation have been implemented in accordance with regulations, others remain suboptimal, including limited human resources, service deviations, inadequate information updates, and low public utilization. Therefore, the author recommends optimizing the program by expanding socialization to the wider community, providing clear schedule information at bus stops to facilitate passengers, strengthening the operational monitoring and evaluation system, and imposing strict sanctions for deviations.

Indonesia, as a country with the highest seismicity in the world, requires an accurate earthquake prediction system through the use of the BMKG earthquake catalogue. This research aims to implement ETL-based data pipeline engineering to process 92,887 earthquake catalog entries for the 2008-2023 period into ready-to-use daily time series for the LSTM seismicity forecasting model. The ETL process includes raw data extraction, cleaning of 97% missing values columns on focal mechanism parameters, datetime conversion, daily resampling producing 5,200 entries with earthquake count, total magnitude, and average magnitude features, as well as Min-Max Scaler normalization for LSTM compatibility. The dataset was processed using Google Colab with a stacked LSTM architecture of two layers of 50 and 25 units, dropout 0.2, Adam optimizer, and a sequence window of 30 days to predict the daily earthquake count. The model trained for 100 epochs shows the ability to capture stable seismic activity trends with a consistent decrease in MSE loss, although it shows deviations in extreme spikes due to aftershock sequences. The ETL pipeline proved crucial in ensuring temporal consistency, 100% data completeness, and relevant physics representation, resulting in a reproducible end-to-end framework for disaster mitigation.

The protection of suspects’ rights during the investigation phase is a fundamental component of a fair and effective criminal justice system. This study examines the implementation of the principle of due process of law in Indonesia and its implications for safeguarding human rights in criminal investigations. Utilizing a normative legal research approach, supported by statutory and conceptual analysis, the research evaluates both the legal framework and practical application of suspects’ rights under the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), the 1945 Constitution, and international human rights instruments such as the ICCPR. Findings indicate that while Indonesia has established comprehensive regulations to protect suspects, the practical implementation remains inconsistent due to structural, cultural, and procedural challenges. Deviations such as limited access to legal counsel, incomplete documentation of interrogations, and occasional coercive practices undermine adherence to due process standards. The study highlights the critical need for regulatory improvements, capacity building for investigators, and strengthened supervision mechanisms to ensure full protection of suspects’ rights. Enhancing the conformity of investigative practices with due process principles is essential not only for safeguarding individual rights but also for maintaining public trust and the integrity of the Indonesian criminal justice system.

This study aims to analyze the differences in motorcycle traffic flow (Q) during the morning and afternoon peak hours as an indicator of roadway operational performance, referring to the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) 2014, with a case study on Mawar Street–Wijaya Kusuma Street, Jember Regency. The research data were obtained from 12 observation points through traffic surveys that recorded motorcycle traffic flow in vehicles per hour (veh/h). The analytical methods used include descriptive statistical analysis, normality testing, and paired sample t-test. The results show that the average motorcycle traffic flow during the morning peak hour is 115.58 veh/h with a standard deviation of 62.97, while during the afternoon peak hour it is 63.25 veh/h with a standard deviation of 28.57. The paired sample t-test yields a significance value of 0.015 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between morning and afternoon traffic flows. These findings suggest that the level of roadway capacity utilization is higher during the morning peak hour, which is closely associated with dominant routine travel activities such as commuting to work and school. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for evaluating roadway operational performance and to support traffic management and traffic engineering planning aimed at improving road network performance and reducing congestion.