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Azhari Bakar Bread Factory is an MSME domiciled in Rejowinangun, Kotagede, Yogyakarta. In the production process, this factory can produce 7807 pieces of bread in a month, of the total production that month 57 pieces of bread are defective. To reduce defects, quality control is needed. Quality control aims to produce products in the form of goods or services that comply with the desired and planned standards, as well as improve the quality of products that do not comply with predetermined standards and possibly maintain appropriate quality. This research uses the Six Sigma and Kaizen methods by showing factual data and comparing it with existing theories to find things that need to be added, improved, or maintained. This research found that the sigma process capability calculated for 1 month was 2.97 with a possible damage of 3661.21 for one million production. From these results, it can be said that the company has not implemented quality control completely properly and correctly because it is still far from the target level of 6 sigma, therefore the company needs to carry out quality control on defective products. The factor that causes production defects is the human factor. machines, methods, materials, and environment.

LP is one of the pharmaceutical companies located in Serang, Banten. The production of the company is tablets, capsules, and syrup. Problems that occur at PT. LP is a product defect that occurs in capsule filling, especially in capsule A. The purpose of this study is to determine the defective products that occur in capsule A and to find out the proposed improvements that will be made to reduce product defects in capsule A. The research methods used are Statistical Process Control (SPC)  and Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (F-FMEA). The population and samples used were defective capsule A during the production process from March 2022 to May 2023, with sampling techniques through production data, observation and interviews. And the results of research using a check sheet show that the percentage of defects reaches 6%, based on the pareto chart, the priority of improvement that needs to be done is for the dominant type of defect, namely  the dented capsule reject reaches 90%, and on the control chart there are still control points that are outside the UCL and LCL. FMEA calculations, the RPN value of the capsule is dented on the head of the capsule or capsule body reaches 384, and the FRPN value is 6.76.    

Tofu Prapto MSMEs are tofu producers who often experience quality problems in the tofu they produce. Based on the data obtained, it shows that the amount of tofu production is 8,400 pcs (100%) and product defects of 1,009 pcs (12%) that occur in Tofu Prapto MSMEs during September 2023.This research will be carried out an analysis of quality control of Tofu defective products in Tofu Prapto MSMEs using the Six Sigma method and Re-Layout Design. By implementing the six sigma method and Re-Layout Design, it is expected to identify defects and provide recommendations for improvement to MSMEs Tahu Prapto.The factor causing the highest defect in the type of dirty tofu defect is caused by there are stations that are too close together such as boiling stations too close to the filtering and printing station in the production process so that dust and dirt from burning wood fuel when The boiling process can stick to the filtering and printing process so that there needs to be a distance between work stations from each other. From the sigma calculation, the average DPMO value is 120119,048 with a sigma value of 2.68 from the sigma calculation results, it can be said that the sigma value is still far from the desired sigma value, which is 6.

Quality and Quality in the manufacturing industry in addition to emphasizing the products produced, it is also necessary to pay attention to the quality and quality of the production process. Thus, the final product produced is a product that is free from defects and there is no more waste that must be paid dearly because the product must be discarded or reworked. To maintain and improve the quality of the products produced, it is necessary to have quality control for the company. With quality control, it is expected that the products produced are in accordance with the standards set and deviations that occur can be immediately overcome. The Six Sigma method is a statistical concept that measures a process related to defects or defects. This method is considered as a method that is able to take a comprehensive approach, which will dramatically improve the quality of the resulting product. With the implementation of the Six Sigma method, CV. Bintang Terang Medan is expected to minimize the number of defective products to zero defects.

PT. PG X is part of ID FOOD which focuses on the sugar cane agro-industry sector. SHS sugar is the main product. To ensure production meets consumer standards and expectations, it is necessary to implement quality control during the production process. This involves quality control, improvement and improvement of systems so that the products produced are superior and competitive. In writing this article, the author is interested in exploring the problem of product defects and deviations in the production process, including defective products, as well as efforts to improve and improve product quality. The problem solving method used is the six sigma method. From the research results, it was found that the total production produced during October was 48,611 and 3,283 defective products were found. In the sugar production section, PT X Sugar Factory has a sigma level of 3.7 with a possible damage of 24,635 for one million production (DPMO).

Abstract. UD Cantenan is an industrial company engaged in metal casting, especially made from Aluminum. This company is known to have quality control problems in the manufacture of lip handle products and canal parts. The result of this problem is defective products in the lip handle and canal parts. In this case, of course, the company will spend more to repair the product so that the company experiences losses. Companies need to find ways to reduce the number of defective products. In this study, the Six Sigma method was used with DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve Control) and TRIZ stages to analyze and provide solutions to improve problems that occurred in the company. Based on the research conducted, at the define stage there are 3 types of defects in the lip handle product and canal parts, namely small scratches, small pinholes, and asymmetrical patterns. Then the measure stage obtained the percentage of small scratch defects of 54.47%, small pinholes of 17.3% and asymmetrical patterns of 28.2%. The average DPMO score obtained is 25,720 with a sigma level of 3.45 which shows that UD Cantenan can be categorized as good for industry in Indonesia. Furthermore, at the analysis stage Based on the identification of causal factors using FMEA analysis, it is known that the biggest contributing factor to failure is operator error in the operation of the milling machine. Then at the improve stage, make improvement proposals based on obtaining the highest RPN value from the factors causing disability using the TRIZ method. And the last stage, namely control, is the result of proposed improvements that can be made by the company to solve problems to reduce the number of product defects that occur during the production process.

With the increasing era of globalization today, competition in the industrial sector is becoming increasingly fierce and competitive. With the development of modern technology for the better but on the other hand raises problems for the environment. Every business actor who wants to win the competition must pay full attention to the quality of the products or services produced, at a low cost, the right time and quantity, and safe conditions. This study aims to analyze and reduce waste of packaging waste at PT XYZ, a manufacturing company engaged in the manufacture of medicines and vaccines. In the last 7 months, there were 1,906 pcs of defective packaging out of a total of 204,940 pcs used. The defects were caused by mold, misprinted information, faded colors, and lack of glue on the packaging. The methods used in this research are Pareto diagram and fishbone diagram. Pareto diagrams are used to identify dominant product defects, while fishbone diagrams are used to identify the causes of defects. It is expected that the results of this research can help PT XYZ reduce packaging waste and improve the quality of their products. By reducing packaging waste, PT XYZ can also contribute to reducing negative impacts on the environment.

In a transaction, especially electronic goods cannot be separated from the possibility of defects or damage to goods, thus causing electronic goods manufacturers to provide guarantees (warranties) to consumers. Law Number 8 Article 27 Letter (e) of 1999 discusses consumer protection, which one of the articles is the period for demanding damaged goods is 4 years or in accordance with the contract, not exceeding the maximum period. This study aims to describe the period of return of electronic goods warranty system from the perspective of shafi'I school of thought and the period of return of electronic goods warranty system according to consumer protection law number 8 article 27 letter (e) of 1999. The research method used is a qualitative method through data techniques in the form of, observation, and documentation. The analysis technique uses the content analysis method. The results of the study concluded that: Imam Shafi'i Mazhab argues that the state of khiyar is not more than three days, it is a relief (rukshah).  In transactions, especially electronic products, manufacturers use a warranty system that is in accordance with Law No. 8 Article 27 letter (e). The period to sue for defective goods is 4 years or according to the contract, not exceeding the maximum period.

Quality control is crucial for the company to minimize the existence of defective products. The research focuses on the quality control section. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of quality control occurs at PT Andalan Mandiri Busana, identify the factors that cause defects in garment products, and determine proposed improvements as an effort to suppress defective products. The results showed that there were factors that caused production defects and the biggest cause was broken stitches, and the sigma value obtained was 4.15, which means that the company has carried out pretty good quality control. Based on this research, the recommendations that can be given are in the improve stage, in the form of a table of proposed improvements using the Five M-checklist approach and Kaizen based on fishbone diagrams. The results of this study are expected to be one of the inputs for companies in implementing quality control and can increase the company's sigma level.

PT Romi Violeta Sidoarjo is one of the furniture companies in Indonesia, specializing in rattan and wood products, offering them to the global market. Quality is also a key factor for the company, as good quality is considered an achievement. In the production process, there are inevitably product errors that do not meet specifications or defects, one of which occurs during the finishing process, where there are 8 types of defects. In the data of the quality control department for finishing in the year 2022, there were 246 instances of defects out of a total production of 10,921. This can hinder further production processes, and the company will incur losses due to costs and expenses for repairing defective products. The research is conducted with the aim of determining the level of product quality control, the causes of product defects, and preventive actions or improvement proposals to reduce the defect rate. The method used in this research is Statistical Process Control (SPC), which aims to minimize the defect rate. From the calculations and analysis of the Statistical Process Control (SPC) results for the eight types of defects, the dominant defect type is color variation, which accounts for 67 instances with a percentage of 27.2%. Furthermore, on the control chart calculations, findings were made for the data samples in January, June, August, and September. The cause-and-effect diagram revealed factors such as human, machine, raw materials, methods, and the environment that can contribute to defects. However, the largest cause is human error, as almost 90% of the finishing work is done by humans, often without following the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) set by the company.

PK. Rosella Baru is a company operating in the plastic sack industry. In the production process of plastic sacks, there are several stages, including the production of plastic thread. The company still encounters a significant number of defects in the plastic thread, exceeding 2%, resulting in obstacles in the weaving process of the sacks and suboptimal production output. The research utilizes the Statistical Process Control method to identify solutions for quality control of the plastic thread products at PK. Rosella Baru. Based on the Pareto diagram, the most dominant defect is found in the unevenness of thread rolls, accounting for 43.3% of the defects. The control chart analysis shows that there are samples exceeding the upper control limit (UCL) in samples 1 and 9, and data exceeding the lower control limit (LCL) in samples 3 and 6. The cause and effect diagram identifies five factors: labor, machine, material, method, and environment. The most dominant cause is the lack of training for the workforce and insufficient maintenance of the machines, resulting in defective plastic thread. Therefore, the suggested solution is to perform regular machine maintenance, provide training to the workforce, and pay attention to machine settings and the quality of raw materials used.

PT Kusuma Mulia Plasindo Infitex is a company engaged in the manufacturing sector that produces polypropylene and HD (Hight density Polyethylene) plastic products. The problem that occurred at PT Kusuma Mulia Plasindo Infitex was that the number of defective products on HD plastic products of 98,327 kg contained 4,194 kg of defective products. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause defects and suggestions for improvements to minimize defective products. This study uses the six sigma method which is useful for finding the root causes of problems that are adjusted to the characteristics of the data they have. The 5 stages of six sigma are DMAIC(define, measure, analyze, improve, control) and kaizen is the Five M-Checklist. So from the results of data processing, the value is obtained in the form of DPMO 8393.048 and a sigma value of 2.49. Proposed improvements include providing training in plastic welding, providing additional 5-10 minute breaks and supervision while working. Perform routine machine maintenance every month and cleaning every day. Adding ventilation and blowers in the production room. Carry out the production process according to the existing SOP at the company, especially in mixing materials according to the SOP for raw materials that have been made by the company.

PT. Kali Jaya Putra is a manufacturing company that focuses on the production of wood floors. One of the products produced is solid flooring. In a series of production processes, product defects are still found up to 7.5% of total production, defects that often occur such as cracks, pinholes, roughness, and also twists which certainly affect product quality. The research conducted aims to determine the percentage of defective products, the causes of defects and the resulting impacts or effects, and to provide recommendations for improvements to minimize the percentage of defects in solid flooring products at PT Kali Jaya Putra. The method used is Six Sigma and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). The results of this study are that the most dominating defects are crack (53.75%), followed by pinhole defects (36.77%), twist (8.62%), and roughness (0.85%). The causes of defects in products are caused by several factors such as humans, machines, methods, materials, and the environment. Based on FMEA, it is known that the cause of the defect with the highest RPN is 384, namely operator negligence in material sorting. As for recommendations for improvement that can be given, namely conducting training on the grading of raw materials in the hope of minimizing operator errors in sorting raw materials.

Quality control is one of the obstacles experienced by PT. Wahana Kasih Mulia on CV. KKN. Quality control is an important thing that must be done by companies to minimize defective products. To be able to analyze product defects, researchers use the six sigma model, by formulating the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) stages. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of quality control using the DMAIC method with the Six Sigma model applied to manufacturing companies. The results showed that from the measurement of the number of Omiland brand baby mattress products in the January-October 2021 period, it was found that defective products came from three main causes of disability. The distribution data of the number of product quality characteristics and company performance are at the sigma level of 3.50 with a DPMO value of 27,082.275. This shows that the company has not been able to meet process quality standards. Based on this research, the recommendations for improvement given are that the company needs to provide periodic training to employees, perform maintenance on machines, apply a clearer and more detailed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), conduct tighter supervision of newly arrived raw materials and the company needs to place quality control at every stage of the production process.