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Property business is the activity of buying and selling a plot of land or house involving 2 (two) parties between the seller (business actor) and the buyer (consumer), in its implementation gives birth to legal relationships carried out through agreements. Quality in running a property business, business actors selling their plot of land to consumers are inseparable from the fact that the business actor gets the land previously from the landowner to then sell it to consumers. The method used in this study is Normative Juridical. The legal protection of agreements made by business actors and consumers in the property business is guided by articles 1320 and 1338 of the Civil Code. Breach of promise not to carry out the agreed is a form of default committed by one of the parties to the agreement as regulated by article 1234 of the Civil Code which can be resolved with a "win and win solution" through negotiations so that business actors and consumers are protected. Consumer protection in property business agreements starts from the beginning of the purchase, making the agreement, payment to the sale and purchase deed agreement. Consumers who have signed the agreement means that they have agreed to all the terms and conditions that have been set. All of these agreements, both oral, written, and deed are not authentic. Authentic deeds that are carried out legally, as long as consumers have fulfilled their achievements by making payments in full, not negligently, in accordance with their rights and obligations in Law no. 8 of 1999, consumers are obliged to get legal protection.

This study aims to (1) find out the role of business actors in making misleading promotions according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, and (2) to find out the legal protection for consumers in Kupang City against misleading information provided by business actors through product promotion based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This study uses an empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) The role of business actors in making misleading advertising promotions is depicted in practices such as false advertising, deceptive practices, and fraudulent advertising. Business actors have a role in creating advertisements that do not match reality, providing incorrect information, and manipulating consumers to make purchase decisions without correct information. The impact includes harming consumers, damaging market integrity, and potentially harming the overall business image. Mistakes in this kind of marketing practice not only violate consumer protection laws, but can also shake consumer trust and affect market fairness and integrity, and (2) In the face of misleading information from business actors through product promotion in Kupang City, legal protection for consumers is essential, especially with reference to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This law provides a legal basis to protect consumers from dishonest and harmful advertising practices. By emphasizing principles such as benefits, fairness, balance, security, consumer safety, and legal certainty, the Act creates a foundation for consumer protection.

This research aims to find out about the phenomenon of legal protection for consumers using thrift fashion goods in the Andalas market, Gorontalo City and the factors that hinder consumer protection for users of thrift fashion goods in the Andalas market, Gorontalo City. This research uses empirical legal research methods which are carried out by collecting data through observation and interviews. The results of this research indicate that Consumer Protection is regulated in Law no. 8 of 1999 which is a replacement for Law no. 3 of 1989 concerning Telecommunications. The consumer protection law itself regulates the rights and obligations of consumers, including producers, who act to meet consumer needs and ensure the realization of legal protection for the benefit of others. In essence, consumer protection is the consumer's own right, including the activities and movements of the sales industry which are currently being widely discussed and highlighted, especially the buying and selling of imported second-hand clothing, known as thrifting, namely the activity of shopping for used goods such as clothes and other types, whose prices are very high. cheaper, as well as factors that hinder the provision of this protection and make it not work as it should. In the city of Gorontalo itself, there are problems in providing consumer protection for the sale of imported second-hand clothing, namely; strong desire on the part of sellers and buyers, law enforcement is limited to socialization and appeals without confiscation and sanctions, and lack of public awareness.

The Prita Mulyasari case in 2008 highlighted the challenges of protecting consumers from strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) suits. SLAPPs aim to stop and prevent individuals or non-governmental organisations from exercising their right to voice their opinions publicly. However, specific regulations addressing SLAPP in the realm of consumer protection in Indonesia are still lacking. The Prita Mulyasari case underscores the need for further attention to establish clear and specific rules to protect consumers from SLAPP practices. This research will further examine how the Supreme Court Decision No. 300K/PDT/2010 in the Prita Mulyasari case can serve as a benchmark in upholding consumer rights within the Indonesian legal framework, especially given the absence of a legal umbrella that protects consumers from lawsuits aimed at limiting public participation in the form of SLAPPs by businesses. This research will employ a normative juridical approach, focusing on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The study will analyze data gathered from literature reviews using a qualitative normative data analysis method. The research findings indicate that although the Supreme Court granted Prita Mulyasari’s appeal, the legal reasoning in Decision No. 300K/PDT/2010 did not explicitly address the concept of SLAPP. The Supreme Court’s considerations largely focused on the fulfilment of the elements of tort under Article 1365 of the Civil Code. However, the Supreme Court’s use of Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution to justify Prita Mulyasari's conduct is a crucial step in strengthening the legal position of those who express criticism or complaints, as well as their  status as consumers.

The Indonesian state is a state based on law (rechstaats) not a state based on force or arbitrariness. Therefore, everything related to state activities from an economic, political, social and cultural perspective will be regulated by law. This research uses an empirical juridical research method using qualitative techniques and the approach method used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach using literature studies and interviews. The promulgation of the Job Creation Law and Government Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning the Authorized Capital of Companies and Registration of Establishment, Changes and Dissolution of Companies which have requirements for UMK are currently known, namely that an Individual Company can be established by 1 person. Obstacles: Individual companies must comply with complex regulations related to data privacy, consumer protection and taxes in the digital era. Solution: Have a strong understanding of applicable regulations and ensure internal systems and processes comply with required compliance standards. Regularly update policies and procedures to ensure ongoing compliance.

The era of the digital economy in Indonesia has made buying and selling transactions easier and faster to carry out. By using social media, consumers can channel their opinions, criticism and suggestions regarding the products/services they consume to business actors in various forms. One of them is in the form of a review (overview) of products/services expressed through photos or videos. However, this activity has reaped pros and cons in society, because it is considered that this activity actually tarnishes a good name. This research aims to examine the form of legal protection for the provisions for reviewing products on social media. The sources of legal materials used in this writing are firstly primary legal material sources which have binding force, secondly secondary legal material sources which are legal materials originating from the results of a literature review by reading books, legal journals, and articles that are in accordance with the law. the issue being faced. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods. This research uses a normative research type using a deductive thinking approach. The data that has been analyzed shows that legal protection for the provisions for reviewing products on social media is stated in Law Number 12 of 2005 article 23 paragraph (2) concerning Human Rights, Article 44 paragraph (3) UUPK, and criminal sanctions for perpetrators are stipulated in the UUPK which can be sentenced to prison and a fine.

Economic law is a branch of law focused on regulating and overseeing economic activities, encompassing various fields such as corporate law, international trade, investment, competition, and consumer protection. In the era of globalization, the role of economic law becomes increasingly critical in creating economic stability and justice among nations. This study aims to analyze the role of economic law in regulating global economic activities, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation, and provide policy recommendations to strengthen the application of economic law in various countries. Using a qualitative approach with document analysis methods, this research finds that power imbalances, transparency, corruption, and adaptation to technological changes are the main challenges in the implementation of economic law. However, opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of economic law exist through the strengthening of legal institutions, increased international cooperation, and the adoption of new technologies. The ASEAN case study shows that regional cooperation and free trade agreements can create a more open and competitive economic environment, despite ongoing challenges. This study concludes that economic law plays a crucial role in regulating and overseeing global economic activities and provides policy recommendations to improve its effectiveness.

Article 37 Minister of Health Regulation No. 06 of 2012 regulates the prohibition of the use of medicinal chemicals in traditional medicine, however in the field traditional medicines are still found that contain medicinal chemicals. In the 2022-2023 period in Surakarta, 571 items of traditional medicine were found containing medicinal chemicals. The problem that will be discussed in this research is how to regulate the circulation of traditional medicines containing medicinal chemicals and forms of consumer protection for traditional medicines containing medicinal chemicals in Surakarta. This research is empirical research using a sociological and legislative approach. This research is qualitative in nature where data is collected through interviews which are then analyzed descriptively. From the research results, it was concluded that there are regulations regarding the distribution of traditional medicines, but these regulations have not been effectively implemented in the community. Apart from that, it is known that the POM Center in Surakarta has provided legal protection for consumers of traditional medicines containing medicinal chemicals. The form of protection provided is in the form of pre-market and post market regarding the distribution of traditional medicines, apart from that it also provides sanctions to producers who violate the provisions.

The increase in cooking oil as a staple food is certainly detrimental to consumers, especially consumers from the lower middle class, after the problem of scarcity of cooking oil occurred in Indonesia and various policies to adjust the price of cooking oil carried out by the government, provide evidence that the urgency of the price of cooking oil has an impact on society. This research aims to find out and explain the causes of the increase in cooking oil prices carried out by shop entrepreneurs in West Sabu sub-district, Sabu Raijua Regency. The research method used is that this research is included in empirical legal research, namely a legal research method that attempts to see the law in a real sense or can be said to see, examine how law works in society, which then uses a research approach, a qualitative type of approach. The research results show that legal protection for consumers can be carried out by resolving disputes in court and outside of court. Every consumer who is harmed can sue business actors through institutions tasked with resolving disputes between consumers and business actors or through courts within the general court environment and the government also plays an important role in efforts to protect consumers legally. The form of consumer protection provided is by issuing laws and government regulations, where the implementation of statutory regulations is then carried out by supervising the implementation of these regulationsto be able to socialize it to the public and there is also a need for supervision carried out by the government on business actors.

The growth of e-commerce has brought new challenges for consumer protection, with legal frameworks often lagging behind technological advancements. This article analyzes existing consumer protection laws in the e-commerce sector, identifying significant gaps and enforcement issues. Through case studies and regulatory analysis, the paper highlights the challenges of safeguarding consumer rights in a digital marketplace. The study concludes with recommendations for improving legal frameworks to better protect consumers in online transactions.

In the era of globalization, financial technology (fintech) has enabled society to access financial services quickly and efficiently. However, the emergence of illegal Fintech presents risks to consumers, such as financial losses and privacy breaches. Legal protection for victims of illegal fintech practices is important to ensure the safety and rights of consumers. This study aims to identify the legal consequences of illegal P2PL Fintech and evaluate legal protection for victims in the context of the case study Decision Number 3115 K/PDT/2021. The study uses a normative juridical method by analyzing relevant legal texts, such as laws, regulations, and court decisions. The results show that the legal consequences of illegal Fintech include law enforcement actions, compensation for victims, regulatory prevention efforts, and improved consumer protection. Victims of illegal Fintech practices receive legal protection from existing regulations and law enforcement. Court decisions, such as Decision Study Number 3115 K/PDT/2021, serve as important legal precedents in addressing these illegal practices. Thus, this research provides a better understanding of consumer protection in illegal fintech practices and emphasizes the importance of strict regulations and effective law enforcement in maintaining the integrity of the fintech industry and public trust.

Internet users in Indonesia are increasing, in 2021 the development of Internet use is increasing rapidly as many as 7,000 samples come from Indonesia and all provinces in Indonesia and is growing from 8.9% to 73.7%, equivalent to 196.7 million internet users. Internet use is mostly used for social media such as Instagram. However, not all Instagram users can use Instagram wisely, so many cases of cyber crime still occur in Indonesia. So this research will discuss how law enforcement deals with cybercrime by manufacturers who employ endorsements to promote illegal cosmetics via Instagram. Using normative research methods activities that will examine internal aspects (to solve problems that exist within) positive law. For cases that occur, law enforcement can be applied such as imposing criminal sanctions as explained in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions Article 9 in conjunction with Article 62 paragraph 1 of the Law Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection which reads Business actors who violate the provisions referred to in Article 8, Article 9, Article 9, Article 10, Article 13 paragraph (2), Article 15, Article 17 paragraph (1) letter a , letter b, letter c, letter e, paragraph (2), and article 18 shall be punished with imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years or a fine of up to Rp. 2,000,000,000.00 (two billion rupiah). Suggestions that consumers are obliged to report if a case like this occurs so that the implementation in law enforcement will run smoother and be eradicated quickly, similar cases will no longer exist.  

This paper discusses efforts to maintain the trust and reputation of the Medical Tourism industry in Indonesia. The industry has grown rapidly in recent years, with many international patients coming to Indonesia for medical treatment. The success of this industry relies heavily on consumers' trust in the quality of medical services and the protection they receive throughout the treatment process. Medical ethics, licensing and consumer protection regulations play a key role in ensuring that international patients receive safe, quality and ethical care in Indonesia. Medical ethics regulations will regulate the behavior of medical professionals and direct the standards of care that must be adhered to. Licensing functions as a mechanism for monitoring and controlling the quality of medical facilities and existing medical practices. Meanwhile, consumer protection is important to ensure that patients' rights are maintained during the treatment process, including the right to accurate information, transparent procedures and fair dispute resolution. In the context of Medical Tourism, reputation plays a central role. A good reputation will attract more international patients and help build long-term relationships with satisfied patients. However, reputation is also susceptible to negative changes due to bad patient experiences or violations of medical ethics. Therefore, efforts to prevent, manage and recover from adverse situations are very important in maintaining the industry's reputation.In the Indonesian context, harmonization between medical ethics regulations, licensing and consumer protection needs to be improved to create an environment that supports the sustainable growth of the Medical Tourism industry. The involvement of all stakeholders, including governments, medical institutions and medical professional associations, is key to achieving this goal. By maintaining service quality, high medical ethics, and effective consumer protection, Medical Tourism Indonesia can continue to develop and maintain a good reputation in the eyes of the international community.    

Medical tourism has become a significant global phenomenon in the last decade. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of medical tourism opportunities and challenges within the Indonesian legal framework. Medical tourism refers to the travel of individuals to other countries to obtain high-quality medical care at a more affordable cost. Indonesia, with its natural resource potential and growing medical facilities, is attracting increasing attention as a medical tourism destination. In this study, we explore the legal framework governing medical tourism in Indonesia and analyze its impact on the opportunities and challenges faced by the sector. We also consider factors such as standards of medical care, cross-sector regulations, consumer protection, and accountability of the medical profession. The research method involved an in-depth literature review of laws and regulations related to medical tourism in Indonesia as well as a comparative study with other countries that have successfully developed this sector. The analysis results show that Indonesia has great potential in developing medical tourism thanks to its natural wealth, cultural diversity and modern medical facilities. However, significant challenges also exist, including harmonization of regulations across sectors, improving standards of medical care, and legal protection for consumers and providers of medical services. Apart from that, the importance of maintaining medical ethics and information transparency in the promotion of medical tourism is also an important focus in the legal framework.  

Medical tourism has become a significant global phenomenon in recent years, including in Indonesia. This article examines the opportunities and challenges associated with the medical tourism industry from a legal perspective in Indonesia. With the rapid growth of the healthcare sector in the country, more and more international tourists are seeking high-quality medical care while enjoying tourism attractions. However, amidst promising opportunities, complex legal challenges also arise. This journal outlines the legal framework that regulates medical tourism in Indonesia and analyzes its impact on various aspects, such as health regulations, patient rights, medical responsibilities, and consumer protection. In addition, this article discusses issues such as medical service standards, accreditation of health facilities, and the qualifications of foreign medical personnel entering Indonesia. In this context, legal aspects related to licensing, residence permits, and legal action against questionable medical practices become an important focus. Although medical tourism offers great economic potential, this article also highlights challenges that must be overcome, such as gaps in regulatory implementation, protection of foreign patients, and legal risks for health facilities and medical practitioners. An in-depth analysis of legal opportunities and challenges in medical tourism in Indonesia can provide insight for policy makers, legal practitioners and relevant stakeholders to develop a balanced and sustainable framework for advancing this sector.      

Customers who enter into insurance agreements online receive legal protection based on Law no. 40 of 2014, Consumer Protection Law, Civil Code, KUHD, and Law no. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Thus, an online insurance policy is recognized as a legally valid electronic document, both in digital and printed form. OJK is responsible for insurance supervision, both online and offline, with a focus on aspects of governance, business ethics and financial health. This supervision includes analysis of reports, examinations and investigations, which are part of the OJK's duties in regulating and supervising the financial services sector in Indonesia.  

This study aims to analyze the legal protection for notary service users based on the Consumer Protection Act (UUPK) and Islamic perspectives. Notaries, as public officials authorized to create authentic deeds, play a crucial role in providing legal certainty to the public. However, notaries' obligations to provide clear and specific legal guidance have not been fully implemented, resulting in inadequate legal protection for service users. Within the context of UUPK, consumers have the right to receive true, clear, and honest information, as well as the right to advocacy and protection. The Islamic perspective also emphasizes the importance of justice, transparency, and consumer rights protection, including the obligation of service providers to provide accurate information and avoid harmful practices. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected from various legal sources, books, journals, and relevant encyclopedias. The analysis indicates that notaries need to enhance transparency and the quality of legal guidance to ensure that consumer rights are well protected. n conclusion, notaries must provide specific, clear, and thorough legal guidance to achieve effective legal protection for their service users. This aligns with the objectives of UUPK and the principles of consumer protection in Islam, aiming to create benefits for society.

The development of information technology has encouraged the rapid growth of online buying and selling (e-commerce) activities. However, along with the increase in digital transactions, fraud in e-commerce is increasingly prevalent. This research aims to examine the importance of legal protection for victims of fraud in online transactions and examine the effectiveness of applicable laws and regulations in providing justice and legal certainty. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with an analysis of laws and regulations, legal literature, and case studies. The results of the study show that despite the existence of legal instruments such as the Criminal Code, the ITE Law, and the Consumer Protection Law, the implementation of protection for victims still faces various obstacles, such as the difficulty of tracking perpetrators and weak law enforcement. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, increase public legal literacy, and optimize the role of law enforcement officials in providing maximum protection to victims of fraud in e-commerce. This research recommends synergy between regulation, technology, and education as an effective legal protection solution in the digital era.

This research was conducted at the Baun weekly market. The background to this research is markets that should provide quality, clean and halal food, however carrying out trade in animal meat that does not comply with sales standards. The problem studied is animal husbandry procedures in selecting livestock for farming slaughter at the baun market and the role of supervisor and responsibilities of the district livestock service Kupang, the role of breeders in terms of consumer protection regarding the sale of animal meat (Cow and Pork) at the baun market. This research uses empirical methods or methods with data obtained from direct interviews in the field. 1) Procedures for cattle breeders and pigs to be slaughtered according to procedures and supervised directly by the livestock service Kupang Regency and the quality of the meat produced is safe and high quality at the Baun market. 2) Supervision of animals and animal meat (beef and pork) is carried out by veterinarians, breeders, Kupang district livestock service, BPOM, health service, (LPPOM MUI), (BPKN), (LSPK), market foremen, and sub-district/district governments.

The use of cryptocurrency assets in Indonesia is still prohibited as a means of payment but as an investment instrument it can be included as a commodity that can be traded on a term exchange as regulated in the regulation of Law No. 10 of 2011 concerning amendments to Law No. 32 of 1997. The positive impact of cryptocurrencies in consumer protection such as cryptocurrency financial access can provide access to the traditional banking system, thereby increasing financial inclusion. There are also negative impacts to consider in consumer protection: security risks associated with theft or hacking of cryptocurrency exchange platforms and digital wallets can threaten the security of consumer funds. This study aims to analyze about consumer protection of cryptocurrencies in the digital age. This research uses normative research methods and uses qualitative data types. The results of this study show that consumer protection in cryptocurrency in the digital era, among others, preventively, in cryptocurrency trading transactions as assets is also strengthened by the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 9 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 5 of 2019 concerning Textile Arrangements for the Implementation of the Physical Market of Cryptocurrency Assets on Futures Exchanges. Meanwhile, if repressively to protect what is given after a dispute arises in the form of sanctions, fines, imprisonment, and penalties imposed a dispute occurs, regulated in Article 22 of PerBappeti Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Market of Cryptocurrency Assets on the Futures Exchange, that dispute resolution is carried out by deliberation to reach consensus if it does not reach consensus the parties can resolve through the Futures Trading Arbitration Agency Commodity (BAKTI) and the State Court as stated in the agreement between the parties. Bank Indonesia reaffirms the ban on the use of virtual currencies in cryptocurrency, both in the form of selling, buying, and trading with these currencies.