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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasingly prevalent globally, including in remote areas such as Bajo Indah Village in the Soropia District of Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. This community service project aims to monitor blood sugar levels to prevent the onset of diabetes mellitus and facilitate early detection in the region. Obtaining licenses, collaborating with local officials, and preparing medical supplies constituted the employed techniques. The implementation stage involved outreach, interactive counseling, and blood sugar testing with a portable glucometer. Seventy-five individuals participated in the event on July 7, 2025. The findings indicated that 55 individuals (73.3%) exhibited normal blood sugar levels (≤ 140 mg/dL), while 20 individuals (26.7%) presented elevated levels (140–199 mg/dL). The findings indicate that individuals with elevated or diminished blood sugar levels require increased attention. Continuous education and referrals to healthcare facilities for additional treatment can mitigate complications associated with diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. One of the influencing factors for this condition is lifestyle, particularly dietary patterns and physical activity. Objective: This study aims to describe the dietary patterns and physical activities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Kalisat Regional Hospital (RSD), Jember. Method: The research design used is a case study involving two patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, and analyzed using nursing care stages. Results: The study found that both patients consumed high amounts of simple carbohydrates such as sugar, sweet cakes, and noodles, exceeding the normal daily intake limits. Physical activity was minimal, limited to light household chores like cleaning and short-distance walking. Conclusion: Both patients were diagnosed with ineffective health management. Nursing interventions focused on behavioral health education to improve patients’ knowledge and motivation in managing Diabetes Mellitus independently.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by the pancreas failing to produce insulin hormone adequately. Based on the cause, diabetes mellitus is classified into three types, including type 1 DM, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia can also occur due to food consumed that is not balanced with physical activity carried out so that fat accumulates in the body and causes blood to be unable to enter the body's cells, ultimately increasing blood sugar levels. Signs and symptoms that often appear in Diabetes Mellitus patients are polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (frequent urination due to excessive urine production), polyphagia (quickly feeling hungry even though you eat a lot and want to eat continuously) and weight loss without a clear cause. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus can be controlled by increasing physical activity, following a healthy diet, and getting enough rest. Several studies have proven that bay leaves have the potential as an antidiabetic. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolic compounds and the antidiabetic activity of bay leaf extract using α-amylase enzyme inhibition in vitro. This research method uses laboratory experiments. This study uses α-amylase enzyme inhibition to determine the antidiabetic activity contained in bay leaf extract. The method used is DNSA. The results of this study obtained a yield of bay leaf extract of 30%, water content of simplicia of 6.24%, drying loss of simplicia of 5.3%, ash content test of 5.6%, water content test of extract of 6.34%, drying loss test of extract of 7.03%. Bay leaf extract positively contains secondary metabolite compounds, namely saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The results of IC50 in bay leaf extract of 66.705 ppm are classified as strong antidiabetic. The results of acarbose of 56.818 ppm are classified as strong antidiabetic.

Type II diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, occurring due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. One of the recommended sports exercises is leg exercises. Diabetic foot exercises are a form of physical exercise for Diabetes Mellitus sufferers of all ages to avoid injuries so that blood circulation in the feet can be facilitated. Foot exercises are movements that train the small muscles of the feet and improve blood circulation in various positions such as sitting, standing or lying down. The purpose of this writing is to discuss diabetes foot exercises which can reduce blood sugar levels in people with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The writing method uses a descriptive design with a killing process approach. The written results show a decrease in blood sugar levels after carrying out diabetic foot exercises with results before doing 310 mg/dl and after doing 230 mg/dl.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that is currently a major public health problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of DM continues to increase from year to year, not only in urban areas but also increasingly found in rural areas. One factor contributing to the high number of DM cases is a lack of public awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, as well as the continued presence of many undiagnosed cases, resulting in delayed treatment. Therefore, early detection efforts and health education that can reach the community at the community level are needed. This community service program was designed to conduct random blood sugar screenings while increasing the knowledge of residents of RW 15 Kalibaru regarding the prevention and control of DM. The activity was carried out on August 24, 2025, involving 21 participants, most of whom were from adults to the elderly. The activity method consisted of two main stages: checking blood sugar levels using a glucometer and a health education session on a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, and the importance of regular physical activity. The results of the activity showed that the indicators of success were well achieved. This was indicated by the orderly implementation of the examinations, a high level of participation from residents, and increased awareness of the dangers of DM among participants. From the examination results, most participants had normal blood sugar levels, but several people were found with blood sugar levels above the normal limit who required medical follow-up.

The endocrine system is a ductless body control system that produces hormones to regulate various organs and physiological processes. Hormones act as important biological messengers in the human body. One of the most essential hormones is insulin, which plays a key role in blood sugar regulation. Insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin action can cause disruption of blood glucose control, leading to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistently high blood glucose levels caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The purpose of this paper is to apply nursing care to Mr. N, a patient with endocrine system disorders: diabetes mellitus, treated in the Dahlia Ward of Dr. Soeselo Regional Hospital, Tegal Regency. This descriptive case study method was used to explain the nursing process in a structured manner. The main complaint presented by the client was pain in the wound on the left foot. Four nursing diagnoses were identified during the assessment, namely unstable blood glucose levels, acute pain, impaired skin/tissue integrity, and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions were developed and implemented based on the Standar Diagnosis Keperawatan Indonesia (SDKI), Standar Luaran Keperawatan Indonesia (SLKI), and Standar Intervensi Keperawatan Indonesia (SIKI). The case highlights the importance of comprehensive nursing care in diabetes management, with a focus on blood glucose stabilization, pain management, wound care, and patient education. The results of this study are expected to provide additional references for clinical practice and strengthen the role of nurses in preventing complications of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Mellitus is a complication caused by severe disturbances, particularly in the metabolic composition of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body. The level of patient compliance in taking medication is one of the factors that determine the success of diabetes mellitus therapy. Compliance with treatment plays a crucial role in controlling metabolic conditions, especially in diabetes mellitus patients. The impact of non-compliance with medication in type II diabetes mellitus patients will increase uncontrolled blood sugar levels, which can lead to various complications of organ damage. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between medication compliance and blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Harapan Anda Islamic Hospital in Tegal City. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional approach. The sample size was 58 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used univariate and bivariate analysis (chi-square). Characteristics of 58 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus at Harapan Anda Islamic General Hospital, Tegal City, most of them are aged 46-60 years, with female gender, with most of them having junior high school education, some with working status, with a duration of suffering for >5 years, most with moderate medication adherence and most with normal blood sugar levels. There is a relationship between medication adherence and blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Harapan Anda Islamic General Hospital, Tegal City (0.000). It is hoped that it can provide valuable information for diabetes sufferers about the importance of medication adherence to blood sugar levels so that blood sugar levels can be controlled.

Various recent studies have shown that natural active compounds contained in traditional and fermented plants play a crucial role in supporting human health. These compounds include flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, organic acids, probiotics, and other phenolic compounds. Detection of these compounds is usually carried out through specific chemical reactions that allow researchers to more precisely identify the bioactive components. Their biological activities are diverse, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which work to protect the body from cell damage and infection. Natural compounds are considered promising agents for disease prevention and health promotion due to their broad biological activities. The fermentation process has been shown to increase the content of bioactive compounds while lowering the pH of the medium, creating conditions unfavorable for the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, probiotics that develop during fermentation play a role in maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota, strengthening the immune system, and improving digestive health. Fermented products are widely recognized as functional foods because they contain beneficial probiotics and enhanced bioactive compounds. These naturally derived products, rich in secondary metabolites, have also been shown to have significant physiological effects, such as lowering cholesterol levels, controlling blood sugar, and maintaining stable blood pressure. This makes natural ingredients and fermented products not only sources of nutrition but also have great potential for development as functional foods and traditional herbal medicines. This highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches in developing functional foods and herbal medicines. Therefore, research on natural bioactive compounds and the role of fermentation in enhancing their effectiveness is highly relevant to supporting sustainable public health.  

Increased blood sugar levels due to the body's impaired insulin production are a sign of a chronic metabolic disease known as diabetes mellitus. As seen in Batam, cases of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia are relatively high. This study aims to determine how long type II diabetes mellitus wounds last in Batam City. This study used a cross-sectional approach to conduct quantitative descriptions. This study involved 60 people. The Chi-Square test was used to conduct data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between age and the healing time of diabetes mellitus wounds, with a sig P value of 0.001 <0.05; gender had a significant correlation, with a sig P value of 0.007 <0.05; sugar control had a significant correlation, with a sig P value of 0.001 <0.5; and anemia had a significant correlation, with a sig P value of 0.001 <0.5. The results indicate that there is a relationship between these variables and the healing time of type II diabetes mellitus wounds. It is hoped that this study can be used as literature for further research.

Type II diabetes mellitus (Type II DM) is a chronic disease that requires long-term self-care skills to prevent serious complications. However, many patients have difficulty managing blood sugar levels independently due to a lack of structured and ongoing education. The Student Creativity Program (PKM) aims to improve the self-care skills of Type II DM patients through an educational approach based on the Self-Care Deficit theory from Dorothea Orem. The activity was carried out in Bonto Ramba, the working area of the Tamalanrea Makassar Health Center, involving 35 participants (33 women and 2 men). Interventions were carried out through interactive counseling, demonstrations of diabetic foot wound care, practice simulations, and the distribution of easy-to-understand educational media. Evaluation was carried out using a pre-post test to measure knowledge improvement and an observation sheet to assess the ability of self-care practice. Results showed a significant improvement in participants' self-care knowledge and skills after the intervention. In addition, family involvement in assisting patients has also increased, strengthening the sustainability of self-care behavior. Participants gave positive feedback on the method of delivering material that was contextual and relevant to daily life. The supportive-educational approach used has been proven effective in empowering patients and building awareness of the importance of self-control of health conditions. This program not only contributes to improving the quality of life of Type II DM patients, but also strengthens the role of the family as the main support in the treatment process. In conclusion, structured education based on Orem theory can be used as an intervention model that can be replicated in other areas with high prevalence of DM, as a promotive and preventive strategy in community-based management of chronic diseases.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, pose significant health risks for the elderly in Indonesia, including those in Aneuk Paya Village, Lhoknga District, Aceh Besar. These conditions, if left unmanaged, can lead to severe complications, impacting the quality of life of older adults. This community service project aims to improve elderly individuals' understanding of NCDs, as well as their prevention and management, through educational initiatives carried out at the Integrated Health Post (Posbindu). The activities involved interactive counseling sessions, health assessments including blood pressure monitoring, and measurements of body weight, height, waist circumference, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels. The community service event, conducted on July 22, 2025, revealed a significant improvement in the elderly participants’ knowledge about NCDs. Notably, 83% of the participants gained a better understanding of the prevention of NCDs, while 70% reported improved knowledge regarding blood sugar and blood pressure management. Moreover, there was a noticeable increase in the number of elderly individuals attending regular Posbindu visits, which suggests a growing commitment to managing their health. Health education through Posbindu has proven to be an effective tool in raising awareness and changing health behaviors among the elderly, helping to prevent NCD complications. The project demonstrates the pivotal role of Posbindu not only in promoting NCD prevention but also in providing continuous support to the elderly in managing their health, ultimately enhancing their quality of life. This initiative highlights the importance of local health programs in addressing the growing prevalence of NCDs in elderly populations and emphasizes the need for further community-based health interventions.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is common in the elderly and has a major impact on quality of life, especially through risk complications such as impaired vision, heart disease, kidney failure, and amputation. The elderly are often unaware of the early symptoms of diabetes because complaints are considered part of the aging process, such as fatigue or frequent urination. The Community Service Program (PKM) at Panti Werdha Hana aims to increase awareness of the elderly about the importance of early detection of diabetes through fasting blood sugar screening activities. This activity uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach which includes checking blood sugar levels with the Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) tool and educational counseling on risk factors and prevention of diabetes. The results showed that out of 76 participants, 8 people (10.53%) were identified as having diabetes, 9 people (11.84%) had prediabetes, and the rest had normal blood sugar levels. Early detection through screening has proven to be an important step in preventing diabetes progression and severe complications, as well as supporting the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly through timely interventions and ongoing education.

Chronic diseases in Indonesia remain a serious challenge in improving the quality of life of the community, particularly in terms of prevention and early detection of chronic diseases. This community service activity aims to educate family members of students on preventing and detecting chronic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus and stroke, by adopting a healthy lifestyle, maintaining a balanced diet, reducing excessive consumption of sugar, salt, and fat, and engaging in regular light physical activity daily. Additionally, participants are encouraged to regularly monitor blood pressure and blood sugar levels, manage stress, and ensure adequate rest. The activity was conducted over two weeks through three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The community service activity was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The results of this activity found that there was a 62% increase in knowledge about the prevention and detection of Diabetes Mellitus, a 57% increase in knowledge about the prevention and detection of stroke, and a 54% increase in knowledge about the role of nutrition, healthy lifestyle, and physical activity. Additionally, there was a 54% change in behaviour for the prevention and early detection of Diabetes Mellitus, a 35% change for the prevention and early detection of stroke, 32% for the role of nutrition, activities, and healthy lifestyles among student families affected by Diabetes Mellitus and stroke. This was measured by assessing blood sugar levels and blood pressure before and after the activity, which showed a decrease of 16% in blood pressure and 11% in blood sugar levels. It is hoped that after this activity, participants can apply the knowledge gained in their daily lives and serve as role models for children in fostering a culture of healthy living. Translated with DeepL.com (free version).

Fasting blood sugar screening is a crucial step in the early detection of metabolic risks, including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This examination is useful for identifying at-risk individuals before clinical symptoms appear. Screening activities are carried out using the Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) approach and the Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) tool. The examination was carried out on adult participants, followed by education using leaflets containing information about blood glucose control and the importance of physical activity. A total of 62 participants underwent the examination aged 23–76 years. Most participants were women (74.2%). Fasting blood sugar values ranged from 67.0 to 333.0 mg/dL with a median of 90.0 mg/dL. A total of 75.8% were in the normal category, 16.1% were pre-diabetic, and 8.1% were diabetic. Fasting blood sugar screening revealed a proportion of participants with impaired glucose regulation. These results emphasize the importance of early detection and health education, especially about physical activity which plays a role in increasing insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose levels. The combination of screening and education can be a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is increasingly found in the productive age population and can have a major impact on quality of life, especially due to risk complications such as heart disease, nerve disorders, retinopathy, and kidney damage. Early symptoms are often not recognized because they are considered minor complaints, such as fatigue or frequent urination, so many cases are not diagnosed in the early stages. The Community Service Program (PKM) implemented in Grogol Village aims to increase public awareness of the importance of early detection of diabetes through fasting blood sugar screening activities. This activity uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, including checking glucose levels with the Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) tool, as well as counseling on risk factors and prevention of diabetes. Of the 71 participants involved, 19 people (26.76%) were identified as having diabetes, 8 people (11.27%) had prediabetes, and the rest had blood sugar levels within normal limits. These results indicate that early screening is very important to prevent diabetes progression and severe complications, and is a foundation for building public awareness to maintain metabolic health sustainably.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels continuously. Insulin resistance is the main cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus, so it is very important to control it to maintain blood sugar levels. Traditional ingredients have long been used to treat diabetes. One of the traditional ingredients used is cinnamon which has been proven to have a potential effect on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The content of cinnamon that has an antidiabetic effect is cinnamaldehyde which provides a distinctive taste and aroma. The method used is by analyzing journals that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles were searched for in the search media PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The results of analyzing the articles found were a decrease in blood glucose levels, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and an increase in insulin levels between the blood glucose of the control group of experimental animals and the blood glucose of the group that received cinnamaldehyde intervention. The conclusion of this study is that cinnamaldehyde intervention can reduce blood glucose levels, HbA1C, HOMA-IR and increase insulin levels in the blood.

This study focuses on the production of herbal tea made from avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) and explores its potential as a health-promoting beverage. Avocado leaves are known to contain various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive properties. The production process involves selecting healthy leaves, washing, drying using a low-temperature oven (50–60°C), and grinding the dried leaves into powder. The final tea product was tested organoleptically to assess its taste, aroma, and color, and phytochemically to confirm the presence of bioactive compounds. The organoleptic test results showed that the tea has an acceptable flavor and aroma, while phytochemical tests confirmed the presence of beneficial compounds. Consumption of avocado leaf tea demonstrates potential as a functional beverage that may contribute to lowering blood pressure and blood sugar levels, as well as providing a calming effect. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the development of value-added herbal products derived from local raw materials. Such products could support efforts to improve public health and encourage the diversification of functional beverages within the community, providing both health and economic benefits for local populations.

Consumption of sweetened beverages contributes to increased blood glucose levels that lead to the risk of pre-diabetes and type II diabetes mellitus. Fasting blood sugar examination is an early screening tool to detect hidden metabolic disorders and educate the public about the importance of controlling sugar consumption. The examination was conducted through capillary blood sampling and point-of-care testing (POCT) analysis of 91 adult participants. Education was delivered in the form of a leaflet emphasizing the impact of sweetened beverage consumption on glucose regulation and the risk of insulin resistance. The results were classified into three categories: normal, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. The majority of participants (86.8%) were in the normoglycemic category. As many as 9.9% were classified as pre-diabetes and 3.3% were in the diabetes category. The average fasting blood sugar of the participants was 89.5 ± 20.1 mg/dL. These results emphasize the need for counseling regarding limiting the consumption of sweetened beverages to maintain stable blood glucose. Fasting blood sugar examination accompanied by education about sweetened beverages contributes to early detection of the risk of glucose disorders. Interventions based on examination results have the potential to increase awareness of fluid consumption patterns and encourage healthier lifestyle changes.   Keywords: Fasting Blood Sugar, Sugary Drinks, Pre-Diabetes, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition Education

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease characterized by increased blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance. Many studies have examined the synergistic effect of nutraceutical supplementation to increase the effectiveness of drug therapy, one of which is resveratrol. However, studies that identify the effect of resveratrol on reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus still have many inconsistencies in the reported results. The significance of these effects is based on the dose and timing of the particular intervention. Therefore, a literature review of several studies was carried out to assess the impact of resveratrol in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus through the HbA1c parameter and to explain the appropriate dose and duration of intervention. Articles included in the inclusion criteria are available in English and published within the last 10 years (2014-2024) in electronic databases such as PubMed-Medline, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. A literature review was conducted on experimental studies with type 2 diabetes patient subjects. The results of the literature review show that the recommended dose and duration that have the greatest significance in reducing HbA1c are at a dose of 200–500 mg/day for 6 months or >500 mg/day within 3 months. These results provide evidence that the adjusted dose and duration of resveratrol supplementation are very beneficial for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease whose prevalence continues to increase due to changes in lifestyle and lack of physical activity, especially in the productive age population. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can cause various serious complications such as nerve, kidney, vision disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Early detection of blood sugar levels is very important to identify risks early and prevent disease progression. The Community Service Program (PKM) implemented at the Asisi Church, Tebet District, aims to increase public awareness of the importance of early detection of diabetes through blood sugar screening activities. This activity uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, including capillary blood tests with Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) tools and education about risk factors, symptoms, and prevention of diabetes. Of the 68 participants involved, it was found that 10 people (14.7%) had diabetes, 13 people (19.12%) had prediabetes, and 45 people (66.18%) had normal blood sugar levels. These results emphasize the importance of early detection to prevent long-term complications and encourage people to maintain metabolic health in order to improve quality of life sustainably.