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In the context of modernity, characterized by secularization and existential anxiety, traditional models of Christian faith formation often appear disconnected from the lived reality of believers, particularly regarding the doctrines of salvation and eschatology. This study investigates the crucial role of the church in bridging this gap by developing a pedagogical approach that integrally links ecclesial education with eschatological hope. Employing a qualitative descriptive analysis method, this research examines theological literature, contemporary church documents, and case studies of Christian formation programs. The analysis reveals that a robust eschatological perspective oriented towards the hope of salvation, resurrection, and the renewal of all things is not merely a final chapter of doctrine but an essential, transformative framework for all faith education. It shapes Christian identity, ethics, and mission in the present. The study concludes that for faith formation to be salvific and relevant today, the church must intentionally reconfigure its educational praxis. This reconfiguration involves moving from a compartmentalized teaching of "last things" to fostering an eschatological imagination that informs discipleship, worship, and social engagement, thereby presenting salvation as a comprehensive hope actively shaping Christian life in the modern world.

The Theology of Mission in Pluralism, as presented in the Book of Jude, provides an understanding of God's mission (Missio Dei) that is universal and involves the Church's participation in proclaiming the Gospel amidst cultural and religious diversity. This study aims to explore the concept of theological mission found in the Epistle of Jude, particularly in the context of pluralism in culture and religion during the early Church period. Using an exegetical method and literature analysis, this research identifies that Christian mission according to Jude is not only limited to the proclamation of the Gospel but also includes the struggle against false teachings and the strengthening of the faith of the believers. The mission in the Book of Jude emphasizes the importance of showing compassion to those who are uncertain in their faith, as well as the need for decisive action to save people from the fire of judgment. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Church plays a central role as the sphere of mission, where the congregation is called to remain firm in faith and contribute to saving others from misleading teachings. Overall, the theology of mission in pluralism according to Jude teaches the importance of balancing firmness in upholding the truth with gentleness in guiding those who are uncertain.

Youth ministry plays a highly strategic role in the life of the local church, particularly in addressing the challenges of the modern era marked by rapid technological advancement, shifting moral values, and the declining spiritual engagement of young generations. This community service program aims to strengthen spiritual formation that directly enhances the activeness and commitment of youth ministry in the Gereja Kristen Setia Indonesia (GKSI) Air Upas congregation. The study employs a qualitative approach through literature review and limited field observation, focusing on analyzing spiritual needs, interaction patterns, and contextual strategies for effective discipleship. The results indicate that contextual, relational, and continuous spiritual development programs significantly increase motivation, participation, and a sense of responsibility among young people in church ministry. Furthermore, the support of church leaders and the active involvement of spiritual communities are crucial in fostering a Christ-centered service mindset. This program contributes to the development of a participatory and sustainable model of youth spiritual formation that can be applied in other local churches to build a generation of young believers who are spiritually mature, active in ministry, and committed to serving Christ wholeheartedly.

Love plays a central role in Christian moral theology as the fundamental principle guiding human moral decisions and actions. This study aims to examine the meaning, concept, and role of love in moral theology, as well as its practical application in Christian life. Employing a qualitative method with a literature review approach, this research explores theological perspectives, Scriptural foundations, and the moral implications of love within the Christian tradition. The findings show that moral theology is inseparable from the nature of God as Love, and that love is not merely an emotion but a deliberate moral act oriented toward the good of others. Christian love, understood as agape, represents the highest form of selfless and sacrificial love and becomes the normative basis for moral judgment. Love gives meaning and value to human moral actions, shapes ethical principles, and directs believers to live according to God’s will. In moral practice, love enables Christians to act justly, uphold human dignity, and build harmonious relationships with God, others, society, and creation. The study implies the need for strengthening love-based moral formation within the Church and society, especially amid modern challenges and the growing distortion of love among young people. Future research is recommended to expand on interdisciplinary studies and contextual applications of love in various socio-cultural and religious settings.

This study discusses the role of Christian ethics in shaping attitudes towards abortion in Indonesia, which has led to moral, social, and legal debates. The main issues examined are how the biblical view and Christian ethical teachings assess the act of abortion and how the attitude of the church and believers in responding to this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to understand theologically and ethically the position of the Christian faith on abortion, while offering a compassionate pastoral approach to women facing such moral dilemmas. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method, by examining various theological, social, and legal sources to describe in depth the views of Christian ethics on abortion. The results showed that in the view of Christian ethics, human life is a holy gift of God from the womb, so abortion is considered contrary to his will. However, the church and believers are called not only to reject abortion in a normative way, but also to provide mentoring, moral education, and spiritual support for those affected. This study confirms the importance of balance between truth and love in dealing with the issue of abortion as a concrete manifestation of the application of Christian ethics in society.

This study aims to uncover the theological meaning of Jesus' compassion as expressed in Matthew 9:36 through a biblical exegetical approach. This verse demonstrates Jesus' emotional and spiritual response to the plight of the crowd, described as "weary and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd." Using the historical-grammatical exegesis method, this study examines the literary, historical, and linguistic context of the text, particularly the Greek word ἐσπλαγχνίσθη splanchnizomai, which describes compassion born from the depths of the heart. The analysis reveals that Jesus' compassion reflects the core of His messianic mission: God's active involvement in human suffering. This compassion is not merely passive sympathy, but an act that restores, teaches, and shepherds the lost, spiritually and socially. Thus, Matthew 9:36 reveals that Jesus' compassion is the foundation of the Gospel ministry, which emphasizes love, restoration, and God's presence amidst human suffering. Its theological implications emphasize that believers are called to embody Christ's compassion in their lives through loving, empathetic, and caring service to others.

The doctrine of the Church, or ecclesiology, is an essential part of Christian theology that focuses on the understanding, function, and role of the Church as the body of Christ. The Church is not only understood as a physical institution but also as a community of faith that serves to glorify God, minister to others, and proclaim the Gospel. This study explains the importance of church doctrine as the foundation for forming congregational identity, spiritual growth, and as a guide in worship and ministry practices. Furthermore, this paper describes the positive impact of church doctrine on the spiritual development and social life of the congregation, as well as the challenges faced in the context of social, cultural, and technological change. The Church is expected to respond to these challenges through doctrinal education, community strengthening, and a contextual approach so that its teachings remain relevant and can be practically applied in the lives of believers.

The understanding of the doctrine of humanity and sin in Christian theology reveals the essence of human nature and the need for divine redemption. This study aims to examine theological perspectives on human nature and sin, focusing on the relationship between the Imago Dei and the fall of humanity. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review, the research analyzes biblical texts and theological interpretations from various Christian scholars. The results show that humans, created in the image and likeness of God, were originally good and endowed with moral and spiritual capacity. However, through sin, humans experienced separation from God and moral corruption. Nevertheless, God’s grace through Jesus Christ enables the restoration of humanity’s divine image and reconciles the broken relationship with the Creator. The study highlights that understanding these doctrines helps believers realize their dependence on God’s grace, leading to repentance, transformation, and ethical living. The implication encourages Christians to maintain a responsible, spiritual, and moral life as a reflection of the renewed image of God within them.

This paper discusses the concept of the influence of the end times on moral behavior. Eschatology is one of the important doctrines in Christian theology that not only discusses end-time events, such as the Second Coming of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the Last Judgment, but also has a real influence on the moral life of believers. This study aims to analyze how the understanding of the end times affects moral behavior in daily life. Awareness of the coming of Christ and the Last Judgment encourages believers to live in faith, obedience, and love, which are reflected in concrete actions and the formation of character in accordance with Christian values. Various theological views such as premillennialism, amillennialism, and postmillennialism provide different perspectives, yet all emphasize the importance of living with an orientation toward eternity. Amid the challenges of modern times, a proper understanding of eschatology becomes an important foundation so that believers are not trapped in fear or incorrect interpretations, but are instead able to use it as motivation to live morally, faithfully, and with hope. Therefore, the concept of the end times plays a significant role in shaping moral behavior that reflects a living faith and readiness to welcome eternal life.

Divorce has become an increasingly prevalent moral and social phenomenon within modern society, including among Christian communities, with profound implications for family structures, spiritual life, and the church’s testimony in the world. This study analyzes divorce from the perspective of Christian ethics, grounded in a theological and moral reflection on Matthew 19:1–12 as the biblical foundation for understanding marriage and faithfulness. The findings reveal that divorce is not merely a legal or social concern but represents a spiritual crisis and a failure to uphold the sacred covenant established by God. Contributing factors such as infidelity, domestic violence, economic pressure, and weak faith formation erode the moral values of love and fidelity. Christian ethics emphasizes love, forgiveness, and moral responsibility as fundamental principles for healing and reconciliation within broken relationships. The church is called to exercise pastoral responsibility through guidance, counseling, and restoration, fostering ethical awareness and marital integrity among believers. Thus, applying Christian ethics to the issue of divorce is essential for nurturing spiritual maturity, strengthening family unity, and preserving the moral witness of the Christian community.  

In supporting the learning process, teachers often use videos on YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok for learning media nowadays. One that can be used for learning media is Augmented Reality. Augmented Reality in the world of education has not been implemented and applied as a supporting medium for interactive education in schools, because no educational institution has implemented it as a mandatory media that functions as a learning tool. Muhammadiyah 12 GKB Gresik Middle School has a Digital Technology Class Program that strives to provide a forum for teachers and students to always actively use technology in learning in class and outside the classroom. With the material Reply for unbelievers, it is hoped that it can be visualized through Augmented Reality. Based on the background above, the author tries to explain the main statement (1) how to design an effective, efficient, and interesting Augmented Reality learning model for 8th grade students of the Quranic material, Surah Al Fajr, reply for unbelievers. (2) what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Augmented Reality learning media design. This study aims to describe the design of the Augmented Reality learning model so that it is effective, efficient, and interesting. As well as describing the advantages and disadvantages of Augmented Reality learning media design so that it can be effective, efficient and interesting for students. The research method used by researchers uses the Research and Development method by adopting the ADDIE development model in the first two steps: Analysis and Design. The results of the needs analysis on the use of Augmented Reality (AR) media in learning replies for non-believers, this is effective, efficient and interesting if used in the learning process for students, and is needed, especially in learning replies for non-believers.

This study aims to explore in depth the role of God in the creation of humanity as depicted in the Book of Genesis and its relevance to contemporary Christian life. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research analyzes the texts of Genesis 1:26–28 and 2:7–8, supported by systematic theological perspectives from scholars such as Louis Berkhof and J. J. Davis. The findings reveal that God’s role is multidimensional: God as the Sovereign Designer, who initiates and perfectly orchestrates the creation process; the Personal Creator, who forms humans from the dust of the ground with purpose and intimacy; the Giver of Life, who breathes the breath of life into humanity; and the Mandate Giver, who delegates authority and responsibility to humans to govern His creation. This understanding has profound theological and ethical implications, particularly for the formation of Christian identity rooted in the image and likeness of God (imago Dei), the strengthening of ecological responsibility toward environmental stewardship, and the cultivation of a transformative spirituality centered on living out God’s will in daily life. Therefore, this study concludes that the doctrine of creation is not merely a historical truth but an existential foundation that guides the faith, morality, and practical life of believers in responding to contemporary spiritual and social challenges.

Believers, both in the time of Jesus and in today’s context, live in situations shaped by social, political, economic, religious, and cultural influences that often give rise to anxiety and doubt about God’s providence. In Luke 12:22–32, Jesus delivers a teaching that prohibits worry and calls His followers to direct their hearts toward the Kingdom of God. For those living under Roman rule, these words were a source of comfort and encouragement to remain steadfast in their faith in God’s power, and for believers today, the same message continues to be relevant as guidance for managing worry with trust and hope. This study seeks to analyze Luke 12:22–32 from the perspective of the theology of God’s providence and to explain its implications for contemporary Christian life. The findings emphasize three key points: first, the passage affirms God as a sovereign, loving Father who cares deeply for His people; second, God’s providence includes both physical and spiritual needs, thus framing faith as an active trust that combines prayer, hope, and concrete action; and third, reflection on God’s providence strengthens believers to face modern anxieties by prioritizing the Kingdom of God, practicing spiritual discipline, and embodying solidarity with others. Although limited in scope as a textual study without cultural or empirical application, this research contributes significantly to understanding God’s providence in Luke 12:22–32 and underlines its relevance for addressing contemporary challenges while encouraging Christians to live out their faith in tangible ways.

The covenant between God and Abraham serves as proof that God is a faithful God who never abandons His people, whether in times of joy or sorrow. This covenant is also one of the fundamental covenants in the Old Testament, with significant theological and historical implications. This article, we’re discusses and analyzes God’s covenant with Abraham and its implications for Christian faith today, based on Genesis 12:1-9. Through this covenant, God promises three main things to Abraham: numerous descendants, the promised land, and blessings for all nations. Futhermore, this covenant serves as the foundation of Israel’s identity and finds its fulfillment in Jesus Christ, as foretold in Genesis 3:15, namely the offspring that will be born a woman. This study serves as evidence and a model for Christians regarding Abraham’s obedience and steadfast faith, emphasizing that salvation in Jesus Christ is one of God’s fulfilled promises to Abraham. Thus, understanding this covenant strengthens the conviction that God remains faithful to His promises and that faith in Him is the foundation of true spiritual life for believers.

Honesty (ṣidq) is a core value in Islamic teachings that not only shapes individual behavior but also plays a vital role in establishing a just, trustworthy, and moral society. In various authentic hadiths, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ emphasized that honesty leads to righteousness (al-birr), and righteousness leads to Paradise. Conversely, lying leads to wickedness and Hell, and is one of the signs of hypocrisy. This study aims to explore the significance of honesty in Islam based on the Prophet’s hadiths and the explanations of classical scholars. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach. Primary data sources include authentic hadith compilations such as Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, while secondary data are drawn from relevant scholarly literature. The analysis applies a thematic approach by grouping hadiths on honesty into sub-themes and interpreting their contexts and meanings. The findings show that honesty must be cultivated continuously, is a sign of true faith, and a condition for attaining divine blessings in all aspects of life, including economic transactions (mu‘āmalāt). Scholars such as Imam al-Nawawī, Ibn Rajab, and Ibn Ḥajar unanimously affirm that honesty is the root of all virtue and a source of spiritual light. Thus, honesty in Islam is not merely a social ethic but a spiritual path to divine pleasure and salvation in both this world and the hereafter. The analysis follows a thematic approach, categorizing the hadiths related to honesty into sub-themes and interpreting their contexts and deeper meanings. The findings emphasize that honesty is an essential part of true faith, continuously cultivated by believers, and a necessary condition for receiving divine blessings in all areas of life, including economic transactions (mu‘āmalāt). Scholars like Imam al-Nawawī, Ibn Rajab, and Ibn Ḥajar unanimously assert that honesty is the foundation of all virtues and a source of spiritual enlightenment. Therefore, in Islam, honesty is more than just a social ethic; it is a spiritual path that leads to divine pleasure and salvation in this life and the hereafter. This study underscores the central role of honesty in both personal morality and broader social harmony within Islamic teachings.

the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, marking God's intervention in the history of His people and the beginning of a new grain harvest. On the other hand, Easter marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ, a symbol of victory over sin and death, and the culmination of salvation provided through His sacrifice on the cross. In this context, the Eucharist becomes an important sacrament symbolizing the body and Passover and Easter have deep meanings in their respective religious traditions. Passover (Pesach) celebrates blood of Christ. The bread, as a symbol of His broken body, and the cup, as a symbol of His shed blood, remind Christians of God's infinite sacrifice and love. However, in the early days of Christianity, the practice of the Eucharist was often misunderstood, leading to accusations of cannibalism against Christians. This misunderstanding arose because the terms "body" and "blood" were interpreted literally by outsiders. To counter these accusations, Christian apologists, such as Justin Martyr and Tertullian, attempted to provide a theological explanation for the symbolism, emphasizing that the Eucharist was a spiritual and not a physical act. Thus, both Easter and the Eucharist reflect the profound themes of liberation and hope, as well as the importance of a correct understanding of the symbolism of Christian teaching to avoid harmful misunderstandings. This shows that a proper understanding of religious traditions can strengthen faith and strengthen relationships among believers.

In the calling of believers, the meaning of spiritual life refers to a strong relationship between a person and their faith, which influences their actions, values, and life goals. Spiritual life is not just about personal piety; it is also an essential part of a believer’s mission, ministry, and relationship with God. It is a journey of transformation that encourages believers to align their lives with divine will and to actively participate in the wider community of faith. This calling encourages believers to pursue their purpose, encouraging moral progress, spiritual maturity, and a sense of responsibility toward others. By living a spiritual life, a person can gain a better understanding of the believer’s place in this world and how they can live according to God’s design.

The tradition of communicating with ancestral spirits remains a spiritual practice upheld by various indigenous communities in Indonesia. This tradition is considered a form of respect toward ancestors who are believed to maintain a spiritual connection with their descendants. This article aims to trace the historical roots and cultural meanings of communication with ancestral spirits and reflect on its implications for the Christian faith. Using a qualitative approach and literature review of spiritual practices among several ethnic groups, it was found that such communication is often rooted in relational values, reverence, and the search for life’s meaning. However, Christian reflection calls believers to distinguish between cultural honor and beliefs that may contradict faith in the living God. This article offers a dialogical and contextual approach to wisely and theologically understand and respond to this phenomenon.

Indonesia's diversity is a necessity to be denied, the deep-rooted Plurality must be maintained. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and Pancasila as the breath and pulse of the nation must be lived and live for the nation. Diversity as a gift of God is an extraordinary potential, but it is necessary to be aware of the potential for conflict, tearing the weaving of the golden thread of plurality. The Holy Father's apostolic trip to the UAE gave birth to a brotherhood document, an invitation to cooperation and interfaith dialogue with Imam Al Azhar Ahmad el-Tayeb. Similarly, what happened in Our Lady of Cirebon Parish as a research locus. According to the doctrinal teaching, the Church voices the placement of others as brothers. This qualitative method research aims to explore the relevance of Abu Dhabi documents to the services of Interfaith Relations and Parish Beliefs, the practice of religious moderation of the people, inhibiting factors, supporting factors, efforts to encourage supporting factors, and suppressing inhibiting factors. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with fourteen informants consisting of Catholics, representatives of each religion in Cirebon, representatives of Sundanese Wiwitan believers, and cultural experts using purposive sampling, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the data show that twelve focuses of the Abu Dhabi document brotherhood have been applied in the service of the Sie Interfaith Relations and Parish Beliefs but have not been maximized and continue to be sought to be intact. Fanaticism, lack of team cohesiveness, and fear of the people are inhibiting factors. The Church has supported since the Second Vatican Council echoed interfaith cooperation. The Pastoral Focus of the Diocese of Bandung is a supporter in this study. So the effort is to initiate activities with fraternal nuances, and the role of the parish pastor in his pastoral mutual aid is to introduce documents to the grassroots. The answer to this study proves that the people of Cirebon can live harmoniously side by side with different ones. In line with the manuscript of Serat Carub Kandha through a philological approach, as a collective memory of the ancestral heritage in building a harmonious Cirebon.    

This journal explores the role of the Church Unity Body in strengthening the unity of Christian faith. The Church, as the body of Christ composed of various members from diverse backgrounds and traditions, is called to unite in one faith, one teaching, and one way of life aligned with the teachings of Christ. This unity is crucial for maintaining harmony within the community of believers and for addressing social and theological challenges in the modern world.The role of the Church Unity Body is evident through Bible teaching based on enduring truth, participation in sacraments such as Holy Communion and Baptism, as well as collaboration among churches in social service and mission. In this context, the church functions not only as a place of worship but also as a community that supports spiritual growth and the well-being of its members. The unity of Christian faith requires mutual respect, forgiveness, and humility among church members. By strengthening this unity, the church can provide a clearer testimony to the world, demonstrating that in Christ, differences can be reconciled in love that transcends all. This article also highlights the importance of the church’s role in building a unity of faith that goes beyond denominational boundaries, within the framework of ecumenism, to realize the wholeness of the body of Christ and bring about transformation in the world.