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This study aimed to analyze the implementation of policies prohibiting illegal fishing practices involving the use of explosives, poisons, and electric shock devices in Sanga-Sanga District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Although regulations and extension activities related to the prohibition have been established, illegal fishing practices continue to occur as of 2025. The findings reveal that some fishermen still use poison and electric shock due to economic reasons and the perception that these methods yield greater catches. However, such actions cause losses to other fishermen by reducing the quality of the catch and damaging the aquatic ecosystem. The community is aware of these violations but is reluctant to report them due to fear of threats from the perpetrators. Efforts by fisheries extension officers to establish community-based surveillance groups (Pokmaswas) have not been optimal due to low public participation. Collaboration between provincial fisheries supervisors and the local marine police (Polairud) has resulted in joint patrols that successfully apprehended two perpetrators of illegal fishing, yet law enforcement has not produced a deterrent effect. Moreover, the program to replace destructive fishing gear with environmentally friendly alternatives for fishermen willing to transition has not been realized due to budget constraints. Based on these findings, it is necessary to strengthen integrated surveillance, provide legal protection for whistleblowers, accelerate the implementation of sustainable fishing gear programs, and enhance public awareness of legal and ecological issues.

This study examines the implementation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 7 of 2024 concerning the Management of Lobster, Crab, and Blue Swimming Crab in East Kalimantan. As a strategic policy, the regulation aims to ensure sustainable fisheries management through provisions on minimum catch sizes, restocking mechanisms, traceability systems, and law enforcement against illegal fishing and trade. Using an empirical juridical approach, this research collected primary data through questionnaires distributed to fisheries officers, coastal communities, fishers, and aquaculture business actors in East Kalimantan. The results show that the implementation of Regulation No. 7/2024 is generally categorized as moderately effective, with an average Likert score indicating limited but positive compliance. Respondents acknowledged the importance of sustainability principles embedded in the regulation; however, significant challenges persist, including insufficient formal socialization, weak field monitoring, lack of supporting facilities, and inconsistent coordination among implementing agencies (BARANTIN, PSDKP, and local fisheries officers). Qualitative responses highlight that many stakeholders still lack understanding of technical provisions such as minimum size requirements and restocking obligations. The study concludes that while the regulatory framework is normatively comprehensive and aligned with sustainable fisheries principles, its practical effectiveness remains constrained by institutional and socio-cultural factors. Strengthening community engagement, increasing inter-agency coordination, and enhancing enforcement capacity are crucial to optimizing the policy’s impact on the sustainable management of lobster, crab, and blue swimming crab resources in East Kalimantan.

Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are marine organisms of high ecological and economic value, yet their populations in many tropical regions have declined due to exploitation pressures. This study aimed to analyze the density and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers in the coastal waters of Tuhaha, Saparua Island, Central Maluku Regency. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted using 1 × 1 m quadrat transects along eight transect lines perpendicular to the shoreline. Density was calculated based on the number of individuals per unit area, while distribution patterns were determined using Morisita’s index. Four species of sea cucumbers were identified, namely Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, Bohadschia vitiensis, and Bohadschia marmorata, with a total of 33 individuals and an overall density of 0.19 ind/m². Species H. scabra exhibited the highest density (0.11 ind/m²), whereas H. atra and B. vitiensis had the lowest (0.01 ind/m²). The population distribution was aggregated (Id = 6.11), indicating a strong association with specific microhabitats, particularly muddy-sand substrates. Environmental parameters (temperature 30°C, salinity 30 ‰, pH 6.90) remained within the optimal tolerance range for sea cucumbers. These findings indicate that Tuhaha waters continue to support Holothuroidea populations; however, the aggregated distribution pattern reflects vulnerability to overexploitation. Therefore, ecosystem-based management through habitat conservation, catch restrictions, and the integration of aquaculture and restocking is essential to ensure the sustainability of sea cucumber resources in Central Maluku.

This study examines the impact of industrial activities in Bontang City, a major center for natural gas processing and fertilizer production, which potentially increases heavy metal contamination in coastal waters. Specifically, the research focuses on the accumulation of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in Anadara granosa, a benthic bivalve selected as a bioindicator due to its capacity to accumulate pollutants. The study aims to analyze Pb and Cu concentrations in Anadara granosa tissues collected from the waters of Selangan Hamlet, Bontang City, as an indicator of local environmental quality. The research was conducted over a six-month period, involving shellfish and water sampling from four observation stations. Heavy metal analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, and the results were evaluated against relevant environmental quality standards, including Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. The findings revealed the presence of Pb and Cu at all sampling stations, with varying concentrations. The highest Pb and Cu levels were recorded at the South Station, while the lowest concentrations were observed at the East and North Stations. Overall, the measured concentrations of both metals significantly exceeded established safety limits, indicating serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. These results confirm Anadara granosa as an effective bioindicator of heavy metal pollution and highlight the urgent need for further studies and mitigation efforts.

Intensive exploitation of fish for caviar production currently threatens the extinction of sturgeon, one of the ancient fish species. Sturgeon egg harvesting is often carried out in inhumane ways, such as dissecting and killing parent fish, causing the natural sturgeon population to decline. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates the international trade of sturgeon and caviar, but weak law enforcement, high market demand, and widespread illegal trade all exacerbate the conservation status of this species. Conversely, caviar aquaculture, often considered an alternative, raises new bioethical issues, including long-term stress on fish, disease spread, decline in animal health, and the risk of hybridization that could threaten the genetic integrity of sturgeon populations. From a bioethical and environmental ethics perspective, it is difficult to justify the consumption of caviar as a luxury commodity at the expense of ecosystem sustainability and animal welfare. Therefore, sturgeon conservation requires a comprehensive approach that includes reducing consumer demand, improving legislation and enforcement, and preserving and restoring sturgeon's natural habitats.

Community service activities in traditional fish ponds on Tibi Island, Tarakan, aim to increase the productivity of fish and shrimp farming using a simple yet effective approach. The methods applied include manual pond maintenance, such as spreading molasses solution (EM-4) to improve water quality, removing pests such as snails and oysters, and routine net maintenance and water drainage. Feed management is carried out every three days to maintain the nutritional balance of fish and shrimp. Although without the use of sophisticated technology, the success of cultivation depends heavily on the experience and thoroughness of the farmers in managing the pond environment. Overall, this activity demonstrates that a simple and structured approach can support sustainable cultivation, increase productivity, and strengthen collaboration between the implementation team and the pond owners. It is hoped that this method can serve as a useful example for other traditional fish farmers in increasing aquaculture yields and supporting more efficient and environmentally friendly farming practices.

This study aims to determine the ideal stocking density of catfish using the triple integral method. This mathematical method is applied to accurately calculate the volume of the cultivation pond and analyze the stocking amount and biomass projection at three different density levels, namely 50, 75, and 100 fish/m³. The calculation of the volume of the pond measuring 27 m x 11 m x 1.5 m produces a value of 445.5 m³. Based on the integral calculation, the optimal stocking amount is 22,275 fish, 33,413 fish, and 44,550 fish for each density, with the final biomass projection reaching 300.7 kg, 451.1 kg, and 600.4 kg, respectively. The analysis shows that the density of 100 fish/m³ produces the highest biomass, but its application must consider technical factors such as water quality, oxygen availability, and food competition. This method provides a solid and practical mathematical foundation for more efficient, scalable, and sustainable aquaculture planning.

This qualitative study, using a phenomenological approach, aims to uncover, study, and deeply understand students' perspectives regarding the curriculum transformation for 21st-century learning they experience in elementary schools. The phenomenological approach was used to explore students' direct experiences as the primary subjects in the learning process, thus gaining a comprehensive understanding of the meaning of curriculum change from their perspectives. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with upper-grade students in elementary schools in Jambi City. The results indicate that the curriculum transformation has a significant impact on students' learning styles, particularly through the implementation of project-based learning that integrates the use of digital technology. This learning model encourages students to be more active, creative, and collaborative in completing learning tasks. Furthermore, student-centered learning makes them the primary actors in the learning process, while teachers act as facilitators. This curriculum transformation also helps develop 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and digital literacy in elementary school students.

The Independent Curriculum aims to provide flexible, student-centered learning that is oriented toward strengthening character through the Pancasila Student Profile. However, a literature review indicates that its implementation in elementary schools still faces various obstacles. Teachers' understanding of differentiated learning, the P5 project, and authentic assessment is uneven, while limited infrastructure and the complexity of developing teaching materials also hamper its implementation. Furthermore, student readiness and a supportive learning environment also influence the curriculum's effectiveness. These findings emphasize the need to improve teacher competency, ensure equitable distribution of facilities, and collaborate among stakeholders for optimal implementation of the Independent Curriculum. Furthermore, the disparity in the quality of implementation across schools is also a major challenge, particularly in remote areas with limited facilities. Therefore, supportive policies and intensive mentoring for teachers are needed to ensure that this curriculum is effective and provides maximum benefits for students, optimizing character development and 21st-century skills. Overall, the success of the Independent Curriculum depends heavily on solid collaboration between all relevant parties, including teachers, schools, parents, and education policymakers.

This study aims to analyze inventory control of catfish seeds at ABC Company by comparing the conventional inventory method represented by the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) approach and the Just In Time (JIT) system in order to improve cost efficiency. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with company management, and documentation of inventory and cost records for the 2024 operational period. The analysis method involved calculating optimal order quantities, ordering frequency, delivery frequency, and total inventory costs using EOQ and JIT formulas, followed by a comparative cost efficiency analysis. The results show that the conventional method resulted in a total inventory cost of Rp 75,050,000 per year with high ordering frequency. In contrast, the implementation of the JIT system reduced inventory costs to Rp 18,762,500 per year, achieving a cost efficiency of 72%. These findings indicate that the JIT system is more cost-efficient than the conventional method; however, its implementation requires careful consideration of supplier capacity, logistics readiness, and biological risks associated with live inventory. This study contributes empirical evidence on the applicability of JIT in the aquaculture sector, which has different characteristics from manufacturing industries.

This study analyzes bottled water consumer traits and the market share of various brands over five years at the University of Udayana using the Markov chain method. Primary data from questionnaires show most consumers are female informatics students in dorms, consuming over 2 liters daily, mostly purchasing from stores. Decisions consider quality and brand, influenced by TV ads over peer recommendations. Market share in period 1: Aqua led with 52%, followed by Le Minerale (28%), Club (13%), Cleo (7%), and others (0%). In period 2, Aqua maintained 52%, Le Minerale rose to 36%, while Club and Cleo declined to 2% and 3%. Period 3 saw Aqua at 49%, Le Minerale at 33%, and Club/Cleo at 2% and 1%. In period 4, Aqua led with 45%, Le Minerale at 31%, and Club/Cleo/others at 2%, 1%, and 7%. Finally, in period 5, Aqua remained at 41%, Le Minerale fell to 28%, while others decreased to 6%, and Club/Cleo remained at 2% and 1%.

Zinc (Zn) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants found in industrial wastewater and solid residues such as slag, electroplating waste, and metal ash. At excessive concentrations, Zn can cause environmental disturbances, including toxicity to aquatic organisms, disruption of microbial activity, and groundwater contamination. Long-term exposure may also lead to bioaccumulation and potential health risks to humans. This article presents a comprehensive literature review that discusses the chemical properties of Zn, its environmental behavior, and the development of recent treatment technologies within the last five years. Several techniques, including adsorption using modified or composite materials, biosorption utilizing microalgae and agricultural biomass, as well as solidification–stabilization with amendment agents such as biochar or iron-sulfide compounds, are evaluated and compared. The literature indicates that no single treatment method is universally effective for all waste types; therefore, hybrid or integrated treatment systems are considered more efficient and sustainable. Based on the reviewed evidence, this study proposes an engineering concept that emphasizes environmental safety, cost-effectiveness, and industrial applicability.

The global environmental crisis caused by plastic pollution has intensified in recent years, particularly in aquatic ecosystems such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, creating an urgent need for effective and sustainable solutions. This article explores the potential role of aquatic bacteria in degrading plastic polymers by reviewing the biological and molecular mechanisms these microorganisms use to break down complex synthetic materials. Special attention is given to key genes and enzymes involved in plastic degradation, including PETase and MHETase, which play a critical role in the decomposition of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In addition, the article highlights advanced gene expression and analysis techniques, such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to better understand bacterial activity and degradation dynamics in natural environments. The main problem addressed is the continuous and unsustainable production and consumption of plastics, which has resulted in extensive pollution of freshwater and marine systems, while conventional waste treatment methods remain largely ineffective. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive scientific review of biotechnological approaches used to analyze and utilize aquatic bacteria for plastic degradation, focusing on molecular aspects and environmental applications. Using a literature review method, studies published between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed to evaluate effective bacterial models, technological challenges, and future prospects. The findings indicate that aquatic bacteria offer promising potential as biological tools for mitigating plastic pollution through sustainable environmental strategies.

The main problem in empowering fish farming communities in Dawuhan Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency is how to empower communities through the Peti Koin Bermantra Program in Dawuhan Village, Malang Regency, such as low managerial capacity, weather constraints, high feed prices, and limited market access, which have an impact on the suboptimal economic improvement of the community. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Peti Koin Bermantra Program in empowering fish farming communities to improve their economic welfare. The study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, as well as the community empowerment theory of Hashemi, Schuler, and Riley (1996). The results show that the Peti Koin Bermantra Program contributes positively to improving community welfare through eight empowerment indicators, such as increased mobility, small-scale purchasing power, ability to make larger purchases, involvement in major decisions, freedom, political and legal awareness, participation in public protests and political campaigns, economic security, and contribution to family support. The success of the program was supported by collaboration between facilitators, the East Java Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service, and the Malang Regency Fisheries Service, although there were still obstacles in terms of capital, group management, and product innovation. To support the sustainability of the program,

Plant growth regulators are organic or synthetic compounds that function to regulate and stimulate plant growth, both in the vegetative and generative phases. The administration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is an effort to provide hormones to plants for optimal growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and yield of expired corn (Zea mays L.) plants after the administration of various plant growth regulators. The research using a randomized block design consisted of 10 treatments where treatment A = new seeds + Aquades, B = new seeds + 500 cc / L ZPT bean sprout extract, C = new seeds + 500cc / L ZPT young coconut water, D = new seeds + 0.2 cc / L Auxin, E = new seeds + 0.2 cc / L Gibberellin, F = expired seeds + Aquades, G = expired seeds + 500 cc / L ZPT bean sprout extract, H = expired seeds + 500 cc / L young coconut water, I = expired seeds + 0.2 cc / L Auxin, J = expired seeds + 0.2 cc / l Gibberellin. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, until 30 experimental units were obtained. Based on the results of the study, the highest plants were found in treatment I = expired seeds + 0.2 cc / L auxin at plant age 6 MST with an average of 257,667. The observation of the highest number of leaves was found in treatment I = expired seeds + 0.2 cc / L auxin at plant age 6 MST with an average of 14,530 strands, the best stem diameter was in treatment F = expired seeds + Aquades, at plant age 5 MST with an average stem diameter of 28,733, observations on the weight of the cob with husk and the best weight of the cob without husk were found in treatment F = expired seeds + Aquades with an average of 287,200 grams, and 251,533 grams, observations on the length of the best cob in treatment F = expired seeds + Aquades with an average length of 19,900 cm.

This study aims to analyze the narrative dissonance in the corporate communication of the Aqua brand, especially in the context of the crisis of meaning that arises between claims of natural purity and technical findings related to the use of borewells in the production process. Using a qualitative approach through content and narrative analysis, the study integrates two main theoretical frameworks: the Narrative Paradigm (Fisher, 1984) and Image Repair Theory (Benoit, 1995). The analysis focused on how companies are building, maintaining, and renegotiating their corporate narrative amid public pressure and consumer expectations. The results show that the legitimacy crisis arises due to the symbolic mismatch between the narrative of "purity" communicated and the operational reality revealed to the public. This tension triggered a strategic response from the company in the form of public clarification, transparency of the production process, and repositioning of messages to restore consumer image and trust. This study confirms the importance of narrative coherence and reflexivity in corporate communications, especially in an era of digital openness that demands accountability and consistency between symbolic messages and tangible practices. These findings contribute to the study of crisis communication and brand image restoration strategies, as well as a reference for companies in designing ethical, transparent, and sustainable communication to maintain legitimacy and credibility in the eyes of the public.

This community service article presents the implementation of the GELORA outreach and training program conducted in Sebanen Village, Jember, Indonesia, focusing on the promotion of low-cost and eco-friendly fermented feeds formulated from locally available agricultural residues such as papaya leaves, rice bran, molasses, and EM4. The program aimed to strengthen the capacity of smallholder catfish farmers and the village enterprise (BUMDes) through a series of integrated activities including a rapid needs assessment, hands-on training sessions, technical mentoring, and knowledge dissemination. As a result, participants demonstrated improved technical skills in household-scale feed formulation and fermentation, a stronger understanding of sustainable and circular economy principles, and an increased willingness to adopt environmentally friendly aquaculture practices. Moreover, follow-up mentoring groups were established to ensure program continuity and local innovation. This participatory model effectively combines community engagement with scientific evidence in aquaculture nutrition and is suitable for replication in other rural aquaculture development contexts.

The Indonesian government has been actively combating illegal fishing practices at sea because they harm the country and reduce fish populations. However, attention to freshwater fisheries, especially endemic fish, is still limited. In fact, endemic fish play an important role in aquatic ecosystems and local culture. Fish resource conservation aims to protect, preserve, and utilize fish and their ecosystems and genetic diversity so that their existence and availability remain sustainable. The diversity of freshwater fish in Indonesia faces serious threats from human activities. The main factor is the introduction of new species that grow uncontrollably, becoming pests and harming ecosystems and communities. In addition, overfishing and declining habitat quality further exacerbate the situation. These threats pose a risk of extinction for endemic fish. Therefore, conservation efforts need to be strengthened to maintain ecosystem balance and support the livelihoods of communities that depend on fish farming. Legal protection is an important aspect in addressing this issue. Law No. 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries and Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Living Natural Resources and Ecosystems have provided a legal basis for fish resource management. However, their implementation and enforcement remain weak. This study uses a normative juridical approach with secondary legal materials, emphasizing the importance of improving the legal framework and more effective governance. Measurable, transparent, and sustainable conservation measures are needed to ensure the optimal utilization of fish resources. Thus, the sustainability of freshwater ecosystems and the welfare of communities that depend on endemic fish can be guaranteed.

This study aims to analyze the empowerment of floating net cage farmers in Pematang Jering Village and identify the obstacles and strategies implemented by the Village Government in optimizing this empowerment. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Research informants included the Village Head, cage farmers, fisheries extension workers, and the Fisheries Service. The results showed that empowerment had covered five indicators of success according to Edi Suharto: economic capacity, active participation, independence, increased knowledge and skills, and social networks. However, the economic capacity and independence of farmers were not yet optimal due to challenges such as high feed prices and limited access to capital. Community participation was high, as reflected in active involvement in village deliberations, training, and group cooperation. The empowerment strategies implemented included capital facilitation, strengthening farmer groups, business management training, and collaboration between the village government, extension workers, and the fisheries service. This study concludes that synergy among local actors is very important in strengthening farmer empowerment, but further strategic steps are needed to increase the independence and sustainability of aquaculture businesses in villages.

Field Work Practice (PKL) at Tambak Mina Bangkit Bersama (MIBAMA), Karangrejo, Banyuwangi, was conducted from June 26 to August 3, 2024, with the aim of understanding the process of growing Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp in HDPE ponds. Vaname shrimp farming involves pond preparation, seedling stocking, feed management, and water quality monitoring to optimize shrimp growth. Growth monitoring was carried out through sampling, resulting in an Average Daily Growth (ADG) value ranging from 0.41 to 0.71 grams per day. Water quality measurements showed that temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels were still within safe ranges, although several parameters such as salinity, TDS, and ORP required special attention. Partial and total harvesting resulted in an accumulated production of 5.1 tons in this cycle. The use of HDPE ponds proved effective in maintaining the aquaculture environment and supporting production intensification. This study emphasizes the importance of proper water and feed quality management to enhance shrimp productivity and health, while also providing recommendations for continuous monitoring to address stress factors in shrimp during cultivation.