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The waste problem is still an environmental issue that requires serious attention, especially regarding the low level of public awareness in sorting organic and inorganic waste at its source. Environmental education needs to be given from an early age to form attitudes and behavior that care for the environment in a sustainable manner. This community service activity aims to increase the understanding and awareness of grade III–IV elementary school children towards sorting organic and inorganic waste through a game-based learning approach. The activity was carried out in the Bojongsari area, Depok, involving 10 children as participants. The methods used include delivering interactive material, waste sorting competitions through the Eco-Race Little game, and making mini posters with environmental themes. The results of the activity showed that around 90% of participants were able to differentiate and sort organic and inorganic waste correctly. Apart from increasing cognitive understanding, this activity also fosters an attitude of cooperation, creativity and concern for the environment. Thus, the Little Eco-Race activity is considered effective as a fun and applicable environmental education model for elementary school age children.

The strengthening of the Secretariat apparatus of the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) is a strategic issue in the governance of legislative administration at the regional level in Indonesia. However, studies on the DPRD Secretariat remain relatively limited and tend to emphasize structural and regulatory aspects, without comprehensively addressing institutional dynamics. This study aims to strengthen the DPRD Secretariat apparatus through an institutionalist perspective, using the Institutional Three Pillars Theory framework proposed by W. Richard Scott. This study is a conceptual paper developed through a narrative literature review approach, examining both classical and contemporary literature in the fields of institutionalism and public administration. The analysis focuses on how the regulatory, normative, and cognitive pillars interact to shape the institutional practices of the DPRD Secretariat as an institution supporting the legislative, budgeting, and oversight functions at the regional level. The study's findings show that the strengthening of the DPRD Secretariat apparatus cannot be understood solely as a consequence of formal regulation, but rather as an institutional process involving a balance between legal rules, professional values and norms, and collective meaning-making regarding the role and institutional identity. This study is not intended to empirically assess performance but offers a conceptual framework that can be used to understand the dynamics of regional legislative administration more holistically. Theoretically, this research contributes to enriching institutionalism studies in public administration by positioning the DPRD Secretariat as a complex and contextual institution. The conceptual framework offered is expected to serve as a reference for future empirical research and conceptual reflection for strengthening legislative administration institutions in Indonesia.

The village is the lowest level of government that directly interacts with the community in providing and delivering public services. This requires the support of competent village officials, who are able to provide transparent and accountable services. Orderly and professional village administration is a crucial foundation for achieving good village governance. However, village administration issues remain a significant challenge that requires serious attention. This Community Service activity aims to improve the capacity of village officials in public service through administrative training in Rinbesihat Village, West Tasifeto District, Belu Regency. This community service activity involved university students and was implemented in several stages: initial coordination with the sub-district and village governments, problem mapping, activity implementation, and evaluation. The results of this community service activity were increased knowledge, which in turn improved the quality of village officials in village administration. With this training, it is hoped that village administration management can become more orderly, effective, and support the achievement of good and accountable village governance.

Limited legal literacy among village officials may contribute to disorderly village administration, inconsistent document formats, weak record-keeping, and poor archive traceability, ultimately affecting public service quality. This Community Service Program (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat/PKM) aimed to strengthen the legal literacy of village officials in Larangan Luar Village, Pamekasan Regency, to improve orderly and accountable village administrative governance. The program applied a hands-on training model combined with mentoring/document clinics and a pretest–posttest evaluation involving village officials (n = 18). Implementation consisted of three core training sessions and two mentoring sessions over four weeks, focusing on document legality, official correspondence standards, numbering and registers, and basic archive management. Results showed an increase in the average legal literacy score from 54.1 (pretest) to 74.6 (posttest), an improvement of 20.5 points. Beyond knowledge gains, document quality and administrative order improved through the adoption of practical administrative tools developed during the program. Key outputs included a concise module (±22 pages), 10 village administrative document templates, one village administrative SOP, and a simple filing system based on document classification and folder numbering. In conclusion, strengthening village officials’ legal literacy through practice-based training and mentoring effectively supports improvements in village administrative governance and is potentially replicable in other villages in Pamekasan with context-specific adjustments.

This study examines the development of scientific publications on the topic of competency development and performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in Indonesia in the period 2014–2024 using a bibliometric analysis approach. The researcher uses data from scientific articles that have been published and meet the research criteria. Data was obtained from the Google Scholar database with the help of the Publish or Perish application, then analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer to identify publication patterns, research trends, and linkages between topics. From the entire series of article processing processes, 339 scientific publications were identified with a total of 3,460 citations. The results of the analysis show a significant increase in the number of publications, from one publication in 2014 to 103 publications in 2024. The keyword analysis grouped the articles into six main clusters, with the topic "ASN" as the most dominant theme discussed. These findings show increasing academic attention to the development of ASN competencies and performance as an important part of bureaucratic reform, increasing the professionalism of the apparatus, and efforts to improve the quality of public services in Indonesia.

The capacity of village officials to understand village legislative procedures is a key factor in realizing accountable and law-based village governance. However, conditions in Tanjung Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency indicate that village officials' understanding of the village regulation drafting process is still limited, and there are no regulations regarding the management of village tourism potential. This community service activity aims to improve the legislative capacity of village officials through technical assistance in drafting Village Regulations (Perdes). The method used was a participatory approach through field observations, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), village legal education, and assistance in drafting simple academic papers and Perdes drafts. The activity results indicate an increased understanding of legislative mechanisms among village officials and the development of a draft Village Regulation on Village Tourism Management, which has been submitted to the Tanjung Village Government as one of the main outputs. Furthermore, this activity contributed to the formation of a local legal culture and increased village government participation in the legislative process. This mentoring model can be replicated in other villages as a strategy to strengthen village governance based on regulations and local needs

This research aims to analyze the role of the Special Job Exchange (BKK) in increasing the absorption of Palembang City State Vocational School alumni in the world of work. BKK is one of the units that supports the labor absorption process by connecting the world of education and the world of industry. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving primary data through in-depth interviews with BKK, alumni and collaborating companies. The research results show that BKK has a significant role in facilitating Palembang City State Vocational School alumni in obtaining employment opportunities. Apart from that, BKK also provides training and information regarding job vacancies that are relevant to the skills possessed by alumni. However, several challenges are still faced, such as a lack of certain skills needed by companies and limited collaboration networks with the industrial world. This research recommends the need to improve the quality of training and expand the cooperation network between vocational schools and the industrial world to increase the effectiveness of BKK in accelerating workforce absorption.  

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Digital portfolios are a crucial tool for professionally showcasing abilities and learning objectives. Nevertheless, the projects and certificates of participants in the Independent Study program at VINIX7 are still kept apart and are not controlled by an integrated system. This requirement is the basis for the research's design and development of a website-based digital portfolio system that will serve as participants' key platform. Requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing are all steps in the Waterfall approach of system development. The Laravel framework was used to create the VinixPort website, which is backed by a MySQL database. The system has tools for managing portfolio material, talent evaluation, user registration and login, and data presentation via analytics. The study's findings show that the VinixPort website was created successfully and that all of the system's primary features work as intended. This service helps users create organized digital portfolios that are readily available and prepared for both professional and academic use.

In social life, buying and selling are fundamental mechanisms for transferring rights, beginning with an agreement. According to Articles 1313 and 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code, agreements are legally binding acts with the force of law for the parties involved. One high-value transaction is the sale and purchase of apartment units, which involves developers as sellers. In practice, developers often fail to deliver units within the agreed timeframe. This study examines (1) the developer’s responsibility toward buyers when units are not delivered and (2) the legal protection available for buyers under such circumstances. The research applies Hans Kelsen’s Theory of Responsibility and Satjipto Rahardjo’s Theory of Legal Protection, using a normative juridical method based on library research. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed through statutory, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches, employing grammatical and systematic interpretation, legal analogy, and legal refinement. Findings reveal that developers are primarily responsible for delivering fully paid units. Failure to fulfill this obligation, due to breach of contract or negligence, triggers legal liability in the form of performance or compensation. Legal protection for buyers ensures their rights are safeguarded, and even in cases of developer negligence or bankruptcy, consumers are legally entitled to receive the apartment units they have purchased.

This study provides an in-depth examination of the relationship between the implementation of administrative ethics and the quality of civil service performance within the framework of good governance principles in Kota Palangka Raya. Employing a qualitative–descriptive approach grounded in literature-based analysis, this research explores various empirical findings related to public service practices, bureaucratic transparency, regional asset management, and the integrity of civil servants. The analysis reveals that administrative ethics have not been fully internalized, as evidenced by persistent delays in service delivery, employee absenteeism, convoluted procedures, low responsiveness, and weak accountability and regulatory compliance. These conditions indicate a substantial gap between ideal ethical standards and actual administrative practices. The findings further confirm that core values of administrative ethics—such as integrity, discipline, responsibility, transparency, and professionalism—play a determinant role in realizing good governance principles, including transparency, effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, and the rule of law. This study asserts that strengthening administrative ethics is a strategic prerequisite for improving civil service quality and restoring public trust. The implications highlight the need for continuous capacity-building, enhanced integrity among civil servants, and strengthened oversight mechanisms to establish an equitable, accountable, and citizen-oriented system of governance.

This study aims to identify the types of ornaments on the Avalokitesvara Pagoda Watugong Semarang, explain their symbolic meaning in the context of Buddhist teachings, and analyze how the ornaments reflect Buddhist architectural philosophy and spiritual values. The results of the study show that this pagoda is decorated with a variety of ornaments, such as reliefs of dragons, hong birds, humans, animals, Chinese writing, amulets of the eight gods, and pineapple ornaments. Each ornament has a deep symbolic meaning, reflecting values such as love, wisdom, and balance in life. The dragon relief symbolizes power and spirituality, the hong bird represents luck and peace, while the Chinese writing and the amulet of the eight gods symbolize blessings and good fortune in life. The ornaments also reflect the Buddhist architectural philosophy that emphasizes harmony between humans, nature, and spirituality, with the towering building design as a symbol of aspiration towards spiritual perfection. Apart from being a place of worship, this pagoda also functions as an interfaith meditative space, affirming the values of tolerance and harmony. This study concludes that the ornaments on the Avalokitesvara Watugong Pagoda are not only decorative elements, but also full of philosophical and spiritual meanings that enrich cultural values and strengthen tolerance. It is recommended to improve the preservation of ornaments, the development of education, and further research to explore the deep meaning of the existing reliefs.

Proyek Trade Mall di Jabodetabek sebagai bagian dari bisnis properti merupakan proyek yang memiliki tingkat penyerapan pasar tertinggi diantara proyek properti komersial lainnya seperti apartemen, hotel, perumahan, kantor, dan industri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi strategi pra pengembangan proyek trade mall dalam rangka meningkatkan profitabilitas dan daya saing developer di wilayah Jabodetabek serta mengidentifikasi variabel-variabel yang menentukan tingkat profitabilitas dari pra pengembangan proyek Trade Mall, menyusun model system dynamics yang dapat menggambarkan pengaruh dari supply dan demand pengembangan proyek Trade Mall terhadap kinerja daya saing developer, membuat rekomendasi tindakan perbaikan terhadap penyebab terjadinya penurunan tingkat profitabilitas dan kinerja daya saing developer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis arsip dan survei. Kemudian data yang telah diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisa statistik dan system dynamics. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada dua faktor utama yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas proyek, yaitu harga jual dan tingkat penjualan, gap pertumbuhan Trade Mall yang diperoleh dari simulasi supply & demand. Serta rekomendasi tindakan perbaikan yang dilakukan terhadap penyebab penurunan profitabilitas dan daya saing developer.

This study analyzes the application of sentence enhancement to perpetrators of fraud in the recruitment of civil servants (ASN) and examines the consistency of judicial reasoning in Decision No. 1175/Pid.B/2024/PN Mks. The research focuses on two main issues: the fulfillment of the requirements for sentence enhancement under Articles 52 and 486–488 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and the alignment of the judge’s considerations with the principles of criminal sentencing. Using a normative juridical method and employing statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, this research finds that the application of Article 378 KUHP was appropriate, as the elements of deception were proven. However, sentence enhancement under Articles 52 and 486–488 KUHP was not applied due to the absence of a functional connection between the perpetrator’s status as an ASN and the offense, as well as the failure to meet the formal requirements of recidivism. Although the decision is legally defensible in a formal sense, it lacks substantive completeness in addressing moral and sociological considerations. The perpetrator’s ASN status and prior conviction should reasonably serve as aggravating factors. The study concludes that while the decision is normatively consistent, it falls short of achieving substantive justice, particularly regarding public protection and the integrity of the civil service.

This research focuses on the strategic role of the people's market as a driver of the regional economy and a source of Regional Original Income (PAD), by taking a case study of the arrangement of the people's market by the Ciamis Regency MSME Office. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the Regional Government of Ciamis Regency implements five main strategies in structuring the people's market, including optimizing development and revitalization with ease of access, market development based on potential and local characteristics, cooperation with investors, facilitation and guaranteeing the ease of capital lending through banking, and market promotion using digital technology. This strategy has a significant impact on the achievement of PAD. The achievement of PAD from the people's market sector of Ciamis Regency was recorded to exceed the target in the period of 2015 to 2017, reaching 113.4%, 128.0%, and 121.9%, respectively, although it decreased in 2018 to 87.2%. To optimize regional levy revenue, these findings conclude the need to improve and improve the regional levy management system to support the performance of the apparatus, the implementation of routine activities such as coordination between agencies and socialization to business actors, as well as increasing the discipline, dedication, and honesty of fiscal officials in carrying out their main duties and functions proportionately.

The aim of Community Service Activities is to implement one of the Tri Darmas of Higher Education. Apart from that, it is hoped that with community service, the existence of universities can make a major contribution to the development and application of science to society. The methods used in this Community Service are expository, namely conveying material verbally and inquiry, namely learning that emphasizes critical and analytical thinking processes related to financial management skills, namely Strengthening Financial Governance for MSME Funding (Practical and Innovative Approach) in Kp. Ciwindu Village Ciwarna District. Mancak, Serang Regency. The results of community service obtained are increasing knowledge regarding the management of preparing financial reports and funding for MSMEs located at Kp. Ciwindu, Ciwarna Village, Kec. Mancak, Serang Regency, Banten Province. It is hoped that this training for the community will be able to prepare financial reports practically and increase financial literacy in the village environment.

This study aims to analyze the effect of accountability, transparency, community participation, and village apparatus competence on the effectiveness of village fund management in Sidodadi Village, Masaran District, Sragen Regency. This research employed a quantitative approach using questionnaires as the data collection instrument. The population in this study consisted of the residents of Sidodadi Village, with a total sample of 85 respondents determined through a sampling method. Data were analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate that accountability, transparency, community participation, and village apparatus competence have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of village fund management. Simultaneously, the four independent variables contribute 64% to the effectiveness of village fund management, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other factors not included in this study

The enforcement of ethical codes within the civil service is a fundamental pillar for maintaining public trust and bureaucratic integrity. However, the implementation of disciplinary sanctions for Civil Servants (Aparatur Sipil Negara or ASN) in Indonesia currently faces significant challenges regarding fairness and consistency. (Problem) The core issue lies in the broad administrative discretion possessed by investigators (Tim Pemeriksa) under Government Regulation No. 94 of 2021, which often leads to subjective, legalistic, and disproportionate sanctioning without considering substantive justice. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of the current sanction implementation mechanism and proposes a reconstruction of the investigators' authority based on the value of justice (Nilai Keadilan). Using a normative juridical approach and conceptual analysis, this research examines current regulations and compares them with the principles of Dignified Justice. The study finds that the current positivistic approach tends to ignore the human aspect and restorative potential of the sanctions. Consequently, a reconstructed model is proposed where investigators must integrate ethical deliberation and justice values into their examination process, ensuring sanctions are not merely punitive but also corrective and fair.

Our country is known as a nation that upholds human rights values. This is manifested in the recognition of the right to express opinions, which is specifically regulated in Law Number 9 of 1998 concerning Freedom of Expression in Public. Along with the increasing dynamics of political contestation and polarization in society, the frequency of demonstrations has also escalated. This condition places the professionalism and neutrality of the police force under increasing public scrutiny. The reduction in citizens' freedom to express their aspirations often creates a negative image of the police, particularly due to repressive actions and the use of discretion that is deemed disproportionate. Based on a normative juridical approach, this study aims to analyze the extent to which the state upholds access and protection of freedom of expression in public, as well as examine the application of human rights principles from both national and international legal perspectives in demonstrations

This study, entitled "Dynamics in Village Leadership (A Study of Village Apparatus Recruitment in Weseben Village, Malaka Regency)," aims to analyze the leadership style of village heads in the apparatus recruitment process, uncover the growing practices of patronage and clientelism, and examine their implications for the implementation of good governance principles at the village level. Theoretically, this research is based on village leadership theory, patronage-clientelism theory, and the concept of good governance, which emphasizes the values ​​of transparency, accountability, and public participation in village governance.The method used was a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with village heads, village officials, traditional leaders, members of the Village Consultative Body (BPD), and the community, and was supported by field observations and documentation studies. The results indicate that: (1) the leadership style of village heads in Weseben is dominant and personalistic, with the village head retaining full control over the apparatus recruitment process, (2) apparatus recruitment places greater emphasis on loyalty and personal closeness than on professional competence, (3) The practice of patronage and clientelism is strongly evident in the relationship between the village head as patron and village officials as clients, which is built through kinship ties and reciprocal interests, (4) decisions regarding the appointment of officials are often tinged with elements of nepotism and collusion to strengthen the village head's political support base, and (5) the recruitment system is not yet oriented towards the principle of a merit system, namely a selection system based on individual ability, achievement, and integrity, as implemented in professional governance.Thus, it can be concluded that the dynamics of village leadership in Weseben are still strongly influenced by the practice of patronage and clientelism, which hinders the realization of democratic, transparent, and accountable village governance.